Anhedonia wata alama ce da aka bayyana ta hanyar raguwar ra'ayi a cikin ikon samun jin daɗi, musamman idan aka kwatanta da irin abubuwan da aka gani a matsayin abin jin daɗi a baya. Anhedonia alama ce ta gama gari ta ɓacin rai da kuma sauran cututtukan tabin hankali. Gabaɗaya, anhedonia ya kasance alama ce mai wahala don magancewa, kuma hanyoyin maganin magunguna na farko ba koyaushe suke isa don gyara shi ba.

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Anhedonia alama ce da aka ayyana ta raguwar mutumci a cikin ikon jin daɗi, musamman idan aka kwatanta da irin abubuwan da aka gani da daɗi a baya. Masanin ilimin halin dan Adam ne na Faransa Théodule Ribot wanda ya kirkiro, a cikin 1896, neologism “anhédonie” daga Girkanci “a”, “ba tare” da “hêdonê”, “jin daɗi”. Alama ce ta yau da kullun na ɓacin rai gami da sauran cututtukan lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Anhedonia alama ce ta ci gaba. Ya dogara da ra'ayin jin daɗi, wanda ya haɗa da fannoni da yawa da digiri daban -daban, waɗanda za a iya bayyana su da ƙididdige su. Don haka, kamar manufar jin daɗi, anhedonia na iya bayyana kanta ta hanyoyi da yawa:

• Anhedonia na jiki yana nufin raguwar iyawar jin daɗin jin daɗi lokacin shiga ayyukan jiki kamar cin abinci, taɓawa, da yin jima'i;
• Anhedonia na zamantakewa yana nufin raguwar ikon samun jin daɗi a cikin hulɗa da wasu abubuwa masu rai kamar magana da haɗin gwiwa tare da abokai da dangi.

Koyaya, manufar jin daɗi tana da rikitarwa kuma tana haɗawa, ban da batun jin daɗin da aka samu, abubuwan da aka rarrabe: ƙarfafawa mai kyau, so da motsawa, ikon fahimta don hango fa'idar ɗabi'a, sarrafa sakamako da ƙwaƙwalwar halayyar. gogewa da jin daɗi. Waɗannan sabbin bayanan kwanan nan sun haifar da ƙayyadaddun sabbin nau'ikan biyu na anhedonia:

• Amfani da anhedonia ko cinye anhedonia - godiya ga abin da kuke yi;
• Anhedonia mai motsa rai ko anhedonia mai tsammanin - son yin.

Yadda ake gane anhedonia

Alamun farko na anhedonia da za su bayyana sau da yawa:

• Halin halin rashin kula da marasa lafiya ga hulɗar zamantakewa;
• Rashin motsin rai;
• Kawar da soyayya ga dangi da abokai;
• Rashin gamsuwa a ayyuka daban -daban.

Don tantance anhedonia, dole ne a cika ƙa'idodi biyu:

• Mutum ya bayyana raguwar jin daɗi yayin aiwatar da wasu ayyuka, na zahiri da / ko zamantakewa;
• Mutumin ya ɗanɗana jin daɗi, ko jin daɗi fiye da yanzu, daga waɗannan ayyukan.

Lokacin da wasu alamun kwakwalwa ko na zahiri suka kasance, ana iya fahimtar anhedonia azaman alamar cututtukan yanayin farko, mai kama da baƙin ciki ko schizophrenia.

hadarin dalilai

Abubuwan haɗari waɗanda zasu iya haifar da anhedonia sune masu zuwa:

• Damuwa;
• Schizophrenia;
• Dogaro da abubuwa (masu shan muggan ƙwayoyi);
• Damuwa;
• Abubuwan da suka shafi kisan kai;
• Rashin damuwa bayan tashin hankali;
• Cutar cututtuka na Autism;
• Cutar Parkinson;
• Bugun jini;
• Wasu cututtuka na kullum.

Canza lada da da'irar da'ira

Ci gaba a ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa ya canza fahimtarmu game da hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da lada da da'irar jin daɗi. A halin yanzu, ginin asibiti-kwayoyin halitta na anhedonia yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da ra'ayoyi na kimanta sakamako, yanke shawara, jira da kuzari. Waɗannan matakai daban -daban na fahimi ana yin su ne ta hanyar hanyoyin jijiyoyi waɗanda galibi suna a matakin ventral striatum da yankuna na farko.

Canza tsarin dopaminergic

A matakin ƙwaƙwalwa, masu bincike sun yi imanin yanayin yana faruwa ne saboda canji a cikin tsarin dopaminergic, hanyar da dopamine - sinadaran da ke cikin kwakwalwa - ke haifar da jin daɗi da gamsuwa. Canza, wannan tsarin ba zai ƙara samar da jin daɗi, gamsuwa da walwala a cikin yanayi kamar baƙin ciki, schizophrenia da lokacin janyewar masu shan muggan ƙwayoyi ba.

Hanyoyi daban-daban na neurological da ke ciki

Littattafai na asali sun kwatanta dangantakar da ke tsakanin cinye anhedonia da anhedonia mai motsa rai a matsayin "dandano" da "sha'awa", bi da bi. Har ila yau, adabi na musamman yana ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan fannoni daban -daban na jin daɗi sun ƙunshi hanyoyi daban -daban na ƙwayoyin cuta. Magungunan anhedonia, wanda ke nufin ƙarancin “ɗanɗano”, wataƙila ya ƙunshi canje -canje a cikin aikin opioid. Motivational anhedonia, a gefe guda, wanda ke nufin "rashi" na sha'awar, mai yiwuwa ya haɗa da canje-canje a aikin dopamine. Bincike na gaba yakamata ya ƙayyade yadda yanayin anhedonia ya bambanta, ko ba haka ba, daga cuta ɗaya zuwa wani.

Complex physiological matakai

Nazarin 2005 ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da cutar anhedonia suna da tsarin zubar da jini na jijiyoyin jini kama da sarrafawa don mayar da martani ga tashin hankali, amma ya bambanta da sarrafawa don mayar da martani ga wadatar abubuwa. Irin waɗannan karatun suna ƙara haɓakar ka'idar anhedonia, suna goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa anhedonia yana nufin ƙayyadaddun rashi a cikin ikon samun jin daɗi kuma ba lallai bane ya shafi ikon jin zafi ko bakin ciki. .

Drug jiyya

A game da asarar sha'awar jima'i, ana iya haifar da anhedonia ta hanyar shan wasu magungunan hana haihuwa ko ta hanyar jiyya don schizophrenia - antipsychotics - da sauran magunguna - kamar benzodiazepines da abubuwan ƙarfafawa.

Rashin motsin zuciyar kirki

Anhedonia ba koyaushe ba ce matsalar baƙar fata da fari. Kodayake mai haƙuri na iya jin daɗin cin ice cream ɗin cakulan ko sauraron jazz, shi ko ita ba za ta ƙara samun farin ciki iri ɗaya ko irin wannan motsin zuciyar yayin da suke yin waɗannan ayyukan, ba tare da iya bayyana wa kansa ba.

Haɗin kan jama'a

Anhedonia tana yin alaƙa, gami da waɗanda ke tare da abokai da dangi, da wahala kuma tana iya haifar da warewa da damuwa ta zamantakewa. Da zarar ladar nishaɗi ta ƙare, yana da wahala ku motsa kanku don ciyar da lokaci tare da wasu. Dangantaka suna bunƙasa akan kyakkyawar amsa kuma, kuma ba tare da shi ba, suna iya bushewa.

Rashin libido

Anhedonia na iya haifar da asarar libido da tsoma baki cikin alaƙar soyayya.

Kashe

Anhedonia ana ɗaukar haɗarin haɗarin kashe kansa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da manyan cututtuka.

Don magance anhedonia, ba shakka, dole ne ku nemi dalilin. Don haka ya zama dole a gano cutar da ke haifar da alamar kamar ɓacin rai, schizophrenia, wasu rikice-rikicen halaye, raunin tashin hankali na bayan-traumatic ko rikice-rikice a cikin amfani da kayan.

Don yanayin da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya bayyana shine dalilin, ana iya magance anhedonia ta hanyar canza kashi, dakatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi, ko canza yanayin jiyya.

Tare da bacin rai, mutanen da ke kan maganin hana haihuwa - zaɓin serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - na iya gano cewa anhedonia yana haɓaka tare da sauran alamun ɓacin rai, amma wannan ba koyaushe bane. Wani lokaci waɗannan magungunan suna sauƙaƙa motsin zuciyarmu kuma suna sa matsalar ta yi muni.

Masana kimiyya suna aiki akan sabbin jiyya. Ketamine, maganin psychotropic da aka yi amfani da shi azaman maganin kashe kwari da maganin hana haihuwa a Amurka, da alama magani ne mai fa'ida.

Gabaɗaya, anhedonia ya kasance alama ce mai wahala don magancewa, kuma jiyya na layin farko ba koyaushe ya isa ya gyara shi ba.

Wasu bincike kuma suna kallon magani dangane da sake fasalin murdiya na hankali - murdiyar gaskiya - wanda motsawar anhedonia ya haifar. Wannan jiyya ya haɗa da halayyar halayya da fahimi. Manufar ita ce ta taimaka wa mutum ya gano hanyoyin da ke samo asali daga matsalolinsa da kuma ɗaukar sabbin halaye don samun damar fita daga cikin wahalarsa ta hankali.

A ƙarshe, wasu nasihu na iya taimakawa rage alamar anhedonia:

• Yi tafiya cikin yanayi, a wuraren ƙuruciya cike da abubuwan farin ciki;
• Girmama barcin ku, tare da daren akalla awanni 8,
• Ɗauki abinci mai kyau, musamman 'ya'yan itatuwa;
• Yi wasa akai-akai;
• Kuma da yawa