Ametropia an bayyana shi ta hanyar rashin kaifi a cikin hangen nesa na ido. Yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin haɗuwa da hasken haske a kan retina, tare da myopia, hyperopia, ko ma presbyopia a matsayin dalili.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da ametropia yawanci nakasa ido ne da abubuwan da ke ciki, masu alaƙa da nakasu ko tsufa maimakon cuta. Matsayin ido hakika shine don cimma daidaituwar hasken hasken da ke fitowa daga abubuwan da ke kewaye da mu a cikin wuri mai mahimmanci. Lokacin da komai ya cika, muna magana akaiemmetropia. DA 'ametropia don haka yana nuna karkatacciyar haskoki.

Ana haɗa wannan karkatacciyar hanya zuwa sigogi biyu. A gefe ɗaya, karkatar da haskoki na haske, wanda aka yi ta cornea da kuma crystalline, Biconvex ruwan tabarau biyu. A daya, zurfin zurfafa ido. Gabaɗayan manufar ita ce mayar da hankali ga haskoki kai tsaye a kan retina, a kan mafi mahimmancin wurin da ake kira macula, don wannan, wajibi ne don karkatar da katakon shigarwa daidai, da kuma samun retina a nesa mai kyau.

Saboda haka, dalilai daban-daban na ametropia nakasar ruwan tabarau, cornea, ko zurfin ƙwallon ido.

Akwai alamomi daban-daban naametropia, ga kowane hali na rashin daidaituwa. Kowannen su yana iya kasancewa tare da wasu alamomin da ke da alaƙa da rashin hangen nesa: ciwon kai, ciwon ido, ciwon ido mai nauyi.

• Rufewar hangen nesa daga nesa: la myopia

Idan ruwan tabarau na ido ya mayar da hankali kan hasken hasken da wuri, sakamakon wani iko namasauki yayi girma sosai, ko kuma ido yayi zurfi sosai, muna magana akan myopia. A cikin wannan yanayin, idon da ke kusa ba zai taɓa gani sosai daga nesa ba, tunda haskoki na abubuwa masu nisa za a mai da hankali ba da daɗewa ba. Don haka hotonsu zai dushe a jikin ido.

• Rufewa kusa da hangen nesa: dahyperopia

Idan ruwan tabarau na ido ya mayar da hankali kan hasken hasken da ya yi latti, ko kuma ido bai yi zurfi sosai ba, ana kiran shi ido na hyperopic. A wannan lokacin, ana iya yin hangen nesa mai nisa tare da ɗan ƙaramin matsuguni na ruwan tabarau, don a mai da hankali kan haskoki akan ido. A gefe guda kuma, abubuwan da suka fi kusa ba za su iya mayar da hankali ga retina ba. Don haka wurin mai da hankali zai kasance a bayan ido, kuma hoton da ke kan kwayar ido zai sake yin duhu.

• Ganyen gani na duhu da shekaru: La presbyopia

Sakamakon yanayin tsufa na ido, da crystalline, wanda ke da alhakin masaukin ido don haka don kaifin hangen nesa, sannu a hankali zai rasa elasticity da taurinsa. Don haka zai zama da wahala, idan ba zai yiwu ba, don bayyana hoto a sarari idan yana kusa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mafi sau da yawa alamar farko na presbyopia shine "kai tsaye" don ganin mafi kyau! Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana kusan shekaru 45.

• Karkataccen hangen nesa, kwafin haruffa: daAstigmatism

Idan cornea na ido, da kuma wani lokacin ruwan tabarau, ya karkata, to, hasken da ke shigowa kuma za a karkatar da shi, ko ma ninki biyu. A sakamakon haka, hoton da ke kan retina zai zama kuskure, na kusa da nesa. Wadanda abin ya shafa suna ganin sau biyu, sau da yawa blush. Astigmatism na iya zama saboda lahani na haihuwa, tare da cornea mai siffar oval da ake kira "rugby ball" maimakon zagaye, ko kuma sakamakon cututtuka irin su. keratocone.

Jiyya ga ametropia ya dogara da asalinsa da halaye. Za mu iya ƙoƙarin mu canza hasken da ke shiga cikin ido, ta amfani da tabarau da ruwan tabarau, ko yin aiki don canza tsarin ciki.

Rashin rigakafi

Abubuwa daban-daban na ametropia suna da alaƙa da haɓakar jiki, don haka babu wata hanyar rigakafi don hana, alal misali, myopia. Manufar ita ce, ga yara ƙanana, don gano alamun farko na ametropia da sauri don samun mafita.

Gilashi da ruwan tabarau

Maganin da aka fi sani da maganin ametropia shine sanya tabarau ko ruwan tabarau, don sanya shi kai tsaye a kan cornea. Don haka, don myopia, hyperopia, ko presbyopia, sanye da ruwan tabarau masu gyara yana ba da damar canza kusurwar hasken hasken a shigarwar. Wannan shi ne don rama rashi a cikin cornea ko ruwan tabarau, da kuma tabbatar da cewa hasken ya mayar da hankali kamar yadda aka yi niyya a kan retina, maimakon gaba ko bayansa.

Jiyya na tiyata

Akwai kuma magunguna daban-daban na tiyata, wanda manufarsa ita ce lalacewar ido. Manufar ita ce canza curvature na cornea, mafi sau da yawa ta hanyar cire Layer akan shi tare da Laser.

Manyan ayyukan tiyata guda uku sune kamar haka

• lasiki, mafi amfani

Aikin LASIK (don" Laser-Assistant in-situ multiplication ») ya ƙunshi yanke cornea ta amfani da Laser don cire ɗan kauri. Wannan yana canza curvature na cornea kuma yana rama kurakurai a cikin ruwan tabarau.

• PRK, ƙarin fasaha

Aikin PRK, photorefractive keratectomy, yana amfani da hanya ɗaya da LASIK amma ta hanyar cire ƙananan gutsuttsura a saman cornea.

• Intro-ocular ruwan tabarau

Ci gaban da aka samu a aikin tiyatar ido yana ba da damar dasa ruwan tabarau na " dindindin" kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin cornea (wanda za'a iya cirewa yayin sabbin ayyuka).