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Yayin da wasu ke ganin cewa zai yiwu a yi amfani da magungunan kashe-kashe a cikin ɗan damuwa, wasu kuma suna ba da shaida ga kwayoyin kuma sun ƙi shan su ko da tare da ganewar asali. Ina gaskiyar ta ke? Mu yi maganin masu tabin hankali.
Maganin rage damuwa na ɗaya daga cikin magungunan da ake amfani da su a duniya. Akwai ra'ayi cewa ana amfani da su kawai don magance bakin ciki, amma wannan rukuni na kwayoyi yana taimakawa tare da rikice-rikice masu yawa: damuwa-phobic cuta, tashin hankali, rashin tausayi na hanji, ciwo mai tsanani da migraines.
Menene kuma yana da mahimmanci a sani game da su? Masana sun ce.
Alina Evdokimova, likitan hauka:
1. Ta yaya kuma a yaushe ne magungunan rage damuwa suka bayyana?
A cikin 1951, an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen asibiti na magungunan cutar tarin fuka a New York. Masu bincike ba da jimawa ba sun lura cewa marasa lafiya da ke shan waɗannan magungunan sun fara samun motsa jiki mai sauƙi da kuzari, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun fara dagula zaman lafiya.
A cikin 1952, masanin ilimin likitancin Faransa Jean Delay ya ba da rahoton tasirin waɗannan magunguna a cikin maganin damuwa. Masanan ilimin hauka na Amurka sun sake maimaita wannan binciken - a lokacin ne a cikin 1953 Max Lurie da Harry Salzer suka kira wadannan kwayoyi «maganin ciwon kai.
2. Shin antidepressants na sabon lokaci sun bambanta da takwarorinsu na baya?
Ana siffanta su da ƙarancin sakamako masu illa tare da ƙimar inganci. Sabbin magungunan antidepressants suna aiki akan masu karɓa na kwakwalwa "mafi niyya", aikin su shine zaɓi. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin sababbin magungunan antidepressants suna aiki ba kawai a kan masu karɓar serotonin ba, har ma a kan norepinephrine da masu karɓa na dopamine.
3. Me yasa magungunan rage damuwa suna da illa masu yawa?
Hasali ma, tatsuniya ce cewa suna da yawa. Magungunan antidepressants suna da matsakaicin sakamako masu yawa kamar sanannun analgin.
Sakamakon sakamako na antidepressants shine saboda tasirin su akan adadin serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, da kuma masu karɓar histamine, adrenoreceptors da cholinergic receptors a cikin kwakwalwa. Bari in ba ku misalin da na fi so game da serotonin. Kowane mutum yana tunanin cewa wannan hormone yana cikin kwakwalwa. Amma a zahiri, kawai kashi 5% na jimillar serotonin na jiki yana cikin kwakwalwa! An fi samunsa a wasu ƙwayoyin jijiya na gastrointestinal tract, a cikin platelet, a wasu ƙwayoyin rigakafi.
A dabi'a, lokacin shan maganin antidepressants, abun ciki na serotonin yana ƙaruwa ba kawai a cikin kwakwalwa ba, har ma a cikin jiki gaba ɗaya. Sabili da haka, a cikin kwanakin farko na shiga, tashin zuciya da rashin jin daɗi na ciki yana yiwuwa. Har ila yau, serotonin yana da alhakin ba kawai ga yanayi da juriya na tsarin juyayi zuwa abubuwan motsa jiki na waje ba, amma har ma mai hanawa neurotransmitter, saboda haka, alal misali, sakamako masu illa a cikin nau'i na yiwuwar raguwa a libido.
Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar kimanin mako guda don jiki don daidaitawa zuwa abubuwan da aka canza na serotonin.
4. Shin zai yiwu a kamu da magungunan kashe damuwa?
Abubuwan da ke haifar da jaraba suna da halaye masu yawa:
sha'awar amfani da kayan da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba
haɓaka haƙuri ga abu (ana buƙatar ci gaba da karuwa a cikin sashi don samun sakamako),
kasancewar alamun cirewa (janyewa, ragi).
Duk wannan ba halayyar antidepressants ba ne. Ba sa haifar da karuwa a cikin yanayi, kada ku canza hankali, tunani. Duk da haka, sau da yawa tsarin jiyya tare da maganin antidepressants yana da tsayi sosai, sabili da haka, idan an katse jiyya kafin lokaci, alamun cututtuka masu raɗaɗi zasu iya dawowa. Sau da yawa saboda wannan ne talakawa suka yi imani da cewa antidepressants suna jaraba.
Anastasia Ermilova, likitan hauka:
5. Ta yaya antidepressants ke aiki?
Akwai ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na maganin damuwa. Ka'idodin aikin su sun dogara ne akan ka'idodin kwakwalwa masu kwakwalwa - alal misali, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine.
Don haka, mafi yawan «sanannun» rukuni na antidepressants - SSRIs (zaɓi masu hana masu hanawa na serotonin reuptake) - ƙara yawan adadin serotonin a cikin tsagewar synaptic. A lokaci guda, antidepressants suna taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin yanayin yanayi, amma ba sa haifar da euphoria.
Hanya na biyu mai mahimmanci na aiki shine kunna abubuwan ci gaban neuronal. Magungunan antidepressants suna taimakawa samar da sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin kwakwalwa, amma wannan tsari yana da hankali sosai - saboda haka tsawon lokacin shan wadannan kwayoyi.
6. Shin da gaske magungunan antidepressants suna warkarwa ko suna da tasiri kawai don lokacin amfani?
Sakamakon antidepressant yana faruwa ne kawai daga makonni 2-4 na shiga kuma yana daidaita yanayin lafiya. Ana gudanar da maganin jiyya na farko na cutar har sai alamun sun ɓace, sannan a hana sake dawowa na akalla watanni shida - wato, samuwar waɗannan haɗin gwiwar jijiyoyi waɗanda "san yadda ake rayuwa ba tare da damuwa da damuwa ba."
Tare da maimaita lokuta na ciki, tsawon lokacin jiyya na iya ƙaruwa, amma ba saboda samuwar dogaro ga antidepressant ba, amma saboda halayen yanayin cutar, haɗarin sake dawowa da kuma buƙatar ƙarin amfani da “ crutch” don murmurewa.
A karshen hanya na jiyya, likita zai sannu a hankali rage sashi na antidepressant don kauce wa janye ciwo da kuma ba da damar biochemical tafiyar matakai a cikin kwakwalwa don daidaita da rashin wani «crutch». Don haka, idan ba ku daina jiyya ba kafin lokaci, to, ba za ku buƙaci sake komawa zuwa magungunan antidepressants ba.
7. Menene zai faru idan kun sha barasa yayin shan magungunan rage damuwa?
Da farko, ya kamata a tuna cewa barasa yana da kishiyar sakamako, wato «depressive». A cikin umarnin don duk antidepressants, an bada shawarar yin watsi da barasa saboda rashin ingantaccen bayanai game da hulɗar waɗannan abubuwa.
A cikin sauƙi mai sauƙi: babu wanda zai ba ku amsa kuma duk wani garanti ga tambayar "zai yiwu a sami gilashin ruwan inabi don hutu?" Zai iya zama mummunan ga wani tare da haɗin gilashin ruwan inabi da ƙananan allurai na antidepressants, kuma wani ya shiga cikin binge yayin jiyya tare da tunani "watakila zai ɗauka wannan lokacin" - kuma yana ɗaukar shi (amma wannan shine). ba daidai ba).
Menene sakamakon zai iya zama? Matsaloli masu yawa, ƙara yawan illa, hallucinations. Don haka yana da kyau a yi wasa da shi lafiya!
Oleg Olshansky, likitan hauka:
8. Za a iya yin illa na gaske?
Zan canza kalmar «kawo» zuwa «kira». Ee, za su iya - bayan duk, akwai sakamako masu illa da contraindications. Ana wajabta magungunan antidepressants don kyawawan dalilai masu kyau. Kuma wannan likita ne wanda ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar majiyyaci: na shari'a da halin kirki.
Ba zan lissafta abin da zai iya haifar da shan antidepressants ba - kawai buɗe umarnin kuma karanta shi a hankali. Har ma za a rubuta a can nawa kashi nawa ne na mutane ke da wannan ko kuma wannan mummunan ra'ayi kuma a cikin waɗanne yanayi ba zai yuwu a ɗauke su ba.
Abu mafi mahimmanci lokacin rubuta maganin AD shine a tantance yanayin mutum daidai. Duk wani magani na iya zama cutarwa. Haƙuri na mutum ɗaya, ingancin maganin da kansa da ingantaccen ganewar asali suna taka rawa a nan.
9. Me yasa aka wajabta maganin bacin rai ba kawai don bacin rai ba, har ma da sauran cututtukan tunani?
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa. Mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu yana dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa mutum yana da rashi na monoamines (neurotransmitters) - serotonin, dopamine da norepinephrine. Amma tsarin guda ɗaya na monoamines yana taka rawa wajen haɓaka sauran cututtuka.
10. Shin za ku iya shan maganin rage damuwa idan ba ku da damuwa, amma kawai lokacin wahala a rayuwar ku?
Ya danganta da wane yanayi wannan “lokaci mai wahala” ya kawo mutum. Duk game da yadda yake ji ne. Sannan likita ya zo wurin ceto, wanda zai iya duba tare da tantance yanayin majiyyaci. Lokaci mai wahala zai iya ja da ƙasa zuwa "kasa". Kuma antidepressants na iya taimaka maka yin iyo. Duk da haka, wannan ba kwayar sihiri ba ce. Canza rayuwar ku ba koyaushe ba ne mai sauƙi. Ko ta yaya, ba kwa buƙatar bincikar kanku.