Birnin Fredonia. Cibiyar Bincike ta Jami'ar Jihar New York.
An kawo kwalaben filastik guda goma sha biyu tare da alamun shahararrun samfuran ruwan sha zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. An sanya kwantena a cikin wani yanki mai kariya, kuma ƙwararru a cikin fararen riguna suna aiwatar da magudi mai sauƙi: an yi amfani da fenti na musamman (Nile Red) a cikin kwalbar, wanda ke manne da ƙananan ƙwayoyin filastik kuma yana haskakawa a cikin wasu haskoki na bakan. Don haka zaku iya tantance matakin abun ciki na abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ruwa, wanda aka bayar don sha yau da kullun.
WHO na hada kai da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Binciken ingancin ruwa wani yunƙuri ne na Orb Media, babbar ƙungiyar 'yan jarida. An gwada kwalaben ruwa 250 daga kasashe 9 na duniya daga manyan masana'antun da aka gwada a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sakamakon yana da ban tsoro - a kusan kowane misali an sami alamun filastik.
Farfesa Sherry Mason ya taƙaita binciken da kyau: “Ba batun nuna takamaiman samfuran ba. Bincike ya nuna cewa wannan ya shafi kowa da kowa."
Abin sha'awa shine, filastik shine abu mafi mashahuri don kasala a yau, musamman a rayuwar yau da kullun. Sai dai har yanzu ba a san ko robobi na shiga cikin ruwa ba, da kuma irin tasirin da yake da shi a jiki, musamman idan aka dade ana yin shi. Wannan gaskiyar ta sa binciken na WHO yana da mahimmanci.
Taimake
Don shirya kayan abinci a yau, ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan polymers da yawa. Mafi mashahuri sune polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ko polycarbonate (PC). Na dogon lokaci a cikin Amurka, FDA tana nazarin tasirin kwalabe na filastik akan ruwa. Kafin 2010, Ofishin ya ba da rahoton rashin bayanan ƙididdiga don cikakken bincike. Kuma a cikin Janairu 2010, FDA ta ba wa jama'a mamaki tare da cikakken rahoto mai zurfi game da kasancewar bisphenol A a cikin kwalabe, wanda zai iya haifar da guba (raguwar jima'i da hormones na thyroid, lalacewa ga aikin hormonal).
Abin sha'awa, a baya a cikin 1997, Japan ta gudanar da nazarin gida kuma ta watsar da bisphenol a ma'auni na kasa. Wannan daya ne kawai daga cikin abubuwan, haɗarin wanda ba ya buƙatar hujja. Kuma nawa abubuwa da yawa a cikin kwalabe waɗanda ke shafar mutum mara kyau? Makasudin binciken na WHO shine don tantance ko suna shiga cikin ruwa yayin ajiya. Idan amsar eh, to muna iya tsammanin sake fasalin masana'antar hada kayan abinci gabaɗaya.
Bisa ga takardun da aka makala a cikin kwalabe da aka yi nazari, ba su da lahani kuma sun yi cikakken nazarin da suka dace. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Amma bayanin da ke gaba na wakilan masana'antun ruwa na kwalba sun fi ban sha'awa.
Suna jaddada cewa a yau babu wasu ka'idoji don abin da ke cikin filastik a cikin ruwa mai karɓa. Kuma gabaɗaya, ba a kafa tasirin tasirin mutane daga waɗannan abubuwan ba. Yana da ɗan tunowa da "ɗakin shan taba" da kuma kalamai "game da rashin shaidar mummunan tasirin taba akan lafiya", wanda ya faru shekaru 30 da suka gabata…
Sai dai a wannan karon bincike ya yi alkawarin yin da gaske. Tuni dai wata tawagar kwararru karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Mason ta tabbatar da kasancewar robobi a cikin samfuran ruwan famfo, ruwan teku da kuma iska. Nazarin bayanan bayanan ya sami ƙarin hankali da sha'awa daga jama'a bayan shirin shirin BBC "The Blue Planet", wanda ke magana game da gurɓatar duniya da filastik.
An gwada nau'ikan ruwan kwalba masu zuwa a matakin farko na aiki:
Alamomin ruwa na duniya: · Aquafina · Dasani · Evian · Nestle · Tsaftace · Rayuwa · San Pellegrino
| Shugabannin Kasuwa na Kasa: Aqua (Indonesia) Bisleri (Indiya) Epura (Mexico) Gerolsteiner (Jamus) Minalba (Brazil) · Waha (China) |
An sayi ruwa a manyan kantuna kuma an yi rikodin sayan a bidiyo. An ba da umarnin wasu samfuran ta hanyar Intanet - wannan ya tabbatar da gaskiyar sayan ruwa.
An bi da ruwan da rini sannan aka wuce ta wata tacewa ta musamman da ke tace barbashi da suka fi 100 microns (kaurin gashi). An yi nazarin abubuwan da aka kama don tabbatar da cewa filastik ne.
Aikin da masana kimiyya suka yaba sosai. Don haka, Dokta Andrew Myers (Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia) ya kira aikin kungiyar "misalin manyan nazarin ilmin sunadarai". Mai ba da shawara kan sinadarai na gwamnatin Burtaniya Michael Walker ya ce "an yi aikin cikin gaskiya".
Masana sun ba da shawarar cewa filastik yana cikin ruwa a cikin aikin buɗe kwalban. Don "tsarki" na nazarin samfurori don kasancewar filastik, an duba duk abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin, ciki har da ruwa mai tsabta (don kayan aikin wanka), acetone (don diluting din). Abubuwan da ke tattare da filastik a cikin waɗannan abubuwa ba su da yawa (a fili daga iska). Babbar tambaya ga masana kimiyya ta taso ne saboda yaduwar sakamako: a cikin samfurori 17 daga cikin 259, kusan babu filastik, a wasu lokutan maida hankali kadan ne, kuma wani wuri ya tashi daga sikelin.
Masu kera abinci da ruwa baki ɗaya sun bayyana cewa ana gudanar da aikin tace ruwa mai matakai da yawa, cikakken bincike da bincike. A duk tsawon lokacin aiki, ragowar filastik kawai aka samu a cikin ruwa. An faɗi wannan a cikin Nestle, Coca-Cola, Gerolsteiner, Danone da sauran kamfanoni.
An fara nazarin matsalar da ke akwai. Abin da zai faru na gaba - lokaci zai fada. Muna fatan binciken zai kai ga ƙarshe, kuma ba zai zama ɗan ɗan gajeren lokaci ba a cikin labaran labarai…