Trisomy 18 yana nuna kasancewar kasancewar ƙarin chromosome 18, a cikin wasu sel na jiki ko a cikin waɗannan sel. An san nau'ikan cutar guda biyu kuma tsananin ciwon Down ya dogara da shi.

Trisomy 18, wanda kuma ake kira "Ciwon Ciwo na Edwards" cuta ce da ke haifar da cututtukan chromosomal. An bayyana shi ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa a sassa daban -daban na jiki.

Marasa lafiya tare da Trisomy 18 galibi suna da rikicewar ci gaban kafin haihuwa (raunin ci gaban intrauterine). kazalika da ƙananan nauyi mara nauyi. Wasu alamomin kuma na iya kasancewa suna da alaƙa da cutar: bugun zuciya, raunin wasu gabobin, da dai sauransu.

Trisomy 18 kuma ya haɗa da wasu halaye: sifar da ba ta dace ba ta kwanyar yaron, ƙaramin muƙamuƙi da kunkuntar bakin, ko ma yatsun hannu da yatsun hannun da ke ruɓewa.

Wadannan hare -hare daban -daban na iya zama masu mahimmanci ga yaro. A mafi yawan lokuta, yaron da ke da trisomy 18 ya mutu kafin haihuwa ko kafin watansa na farko.

Mutanen da suka tsira bayan watan farko galibi suna da naƙasassu na hankali.

Haɗarin ciwon Down yana da alaƙa da juna biyu a cikin mace na kowane zamani. Bugu da ƙari, wannan haɗarin yana ƙaruwa a cikin mahallin marigayi ciki.

An bayyana takamaiman siffofin cutar guda biyu:

• la cikakken tsari : wanda ya shafi kusan 94% na jariran da ke da ciwon Down. An siffanta wannan nau'in ta kasancewar kwafin sau uku (maimakon biyu) na chromosome 18, a cikin kowane sel na jiki. Yawancin jariran da ke da wannan sifa suna mutuwa kafin ciki ya ƙare.
• la mosaic siffar, wanda ke shafar kusan kashi 5% na jariran da ke da trisomy 18. A cikin wannan mahallin, kwafin sau uku na chromosome 18 kawai ana iya gani a cikin jiki (a cikin wasu sel kawai). Wannan fom ɗin ba shi da ƙarfi fiye da cikakken tsari.

Don haka tsananin cutar ya dogara da nau'in trisomy 18 da adadin sel da ke ɗauke da kwafin chromosome 18, a cikin.

Yawancin lamuran Trisomy 18 suna haifar da kasancewar kwafin chromosome 18 sau uku, a cikin kowane sel na jiki (maimakon kwafi biyu).

Kashi 5% kawai na mutanen da ke da Trisomy 18 suna da yawa, a cikin wasu sel kawai. Wannan tsirarun marasa lafiya musamman ba su da haɗarin mutuwa kafin haihuwa, ko kafin watan farko na yaron.

Ƙari kaɗan, dogon hannun chromosome 18 na iya haɗawa (translocate) zuwa wani chromosome yayin haɓakar sel ko yayin haɓaka tayi. Wannan yana haifar da kasancewar kwafin sau biyu na chromosome 18, haɗe tare da kasancewar ƙarin chromosome 18, sabili da haka zuwa chromosomes 3. 18. Marasa lafiya tare da wannan nau'in musamman na trisomy 18 suna nuna alamun ɓangarori.

Hadarin Trisomy 18 ya shafi kowane ciki. Bugu da ƙari, wannan haɗarin yana ƙaruwa yayin da shekarun mace mai ciki ke ƙaruwa.

A mafi yawan lokuta na Trisomy 18, mutuwar yaron kafin haihuwa, ko a watan farko, yana da alaƙa da shi. Idan yaron ya tsira, ana iya ganin alamomi: jinkirin ci gaba a wasu gabobin jiki da / ko gabobin, nakasa ta hankali, da sauransu.

Alamun asibiti da alamomin gabaɗaya na iya yin kama da Trisomy 18:

• kai ƙarami fiye da matsakaita
• kunci mara kunci da kunkuntar bakin
• dogayen yatsun da suka yi karo
• manyan kunnuwa saita ƙasa sosai
• nakasasshe a cikin leɓe

Wasu fasalulluka na cutar na iya kasancewa a bayyane:

• lalacewar koda da zuciya
• ƙin ciyarwa, yana haifar da rashi a cikin ci gaban yaro
• matsaloli masu numfashi
• kasancewar hernias a ciki
• rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin kwarangwal kuma musamman a cikin kashin baya
• matsalolin ilmantarwa masu mahimmanci.

Dalilin haɗarin ci gaban Trisomy 18 shine ilimin halittar jini.

Tabbas, kasancewar kwafin chromosome 18 sau uku, a cikin wasu sel kawai ko ma a cikin kowane kwayar halitta, na iya haifar da haɓaka irin wannan cutar.

Babu magani ga Trisomy 18 a halin yanzu an sani. Gudanar da wannan cuta yana da tasiri ta hanyar ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya ta bangarori daban -daban.

Duk da haka ana iya tsara magunguna, kuma wannan a cikin yanayin bugun zuciya, kamuwa da cuta, ko wahalar cin abinci.

La physiotherapy Hakanan ana iya kula da shi don Trisomy 18, musamman idan tsokar tsoka da ƙashi sun yi tasiri.