Baya ga mura ta 2009 (H1N1) antigens iri, allurar ta kuma haɗa da wani adjuvant da mai kiyayewa.

Adjuvant ana kiranta AS03 kuma kamfanin GSK ne ya haɓaka shi, a matsayin wani ɓangare na samar da allurar rigakafin cutar mura H5N1. Wannan nau'in "mai a cikin ruwa" adjuvant ya ƙunshi:

• tocopherol (bitamin E), bitamin mai mahimmanci don ingantaccen aikin jiki;
• squalene, wani lipid wanda ake samarwa a jiki. Yana da mahimmanci tsaka -tsaki wajen kera cholesterol da bitamin D.
• polysorbate 80, samfurin da ke cikin alluran rigakafi da magunguna da yawa don kiyaye daidaituwa.

Adjuvant yana ba da damar samun adadi mai yawa a cikin adadin antigen da ake amfani da shi, wanda ke sauƙaƙe rigakafin adadi mai yawa na mutane cikin sauri. Amfani da adjuvant kuma zai iya ba da kariya ta giciye daga maye gurbi na antigen mai cutar.

Masu ba da shawara ba sababbi bane. An yi amfani da su shekaru da yawa don tayar da martanin rigakafi ga alluran rigakafi, amma ba a taɓa amincewa da amfani da masu ba da allurar rigakafin mura a Kanada ba. Don haka wannan shine farkon a wannan yanayin.

Har ila yau allurar tana ƙunshe da wani abin hana ruwa na mercury da ake kira thimerosal (ko thiomersal), wanda ake amfani da shi don hana gurɓatar allurar tare da masu kamuwa da cuta daga ƙwayar cuta ta kwayan cuta. Allurar mura ta yau da kullun da yawancin alluran rigakafin cutar hepatitis B sun ƙunshi wannan stabilizer.

Babu ingantattun bayanai kan amincin allurar rigakafi a cikin mata masu juna biyu da ƙananan yara (watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 2). Duk da haka, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) tana ɗaukar cewa gudanar da wannan allurar ta fi dacewa da rashin allurar rigakafin, tunda waɗannan ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da matukar damuwa da rikitarwa idan an sami gurɓatawa.

Hukumomin Quebec sun zaɓi ba wa mata masu juna biyu allurar rigakafi ba tare da allura ba, a matsayin matakin rigakafi. Ƙananan allurai na alluran da ba su da fa'ida waɗanda ke samuwa a halin yanzu, duk da haka, ba su damar ba da wannan zaɓin ga duk uwaye masu zuwa. Don haka ba lallai bane a nemi hakan, har ga yara ƙanana. A cewar kwararrun Kanada, waɗanda ke magana game da gwajin asibiti na farko, babu wani dalili da za a yi imani cewa allurar rigakafin da za ta haifar za ta haifar da kowane illa - ban da haɗarin haɗarin zazzabi - a cikin yara masu shekaru 6 zuwa 3.

Allurar da ba ta da amfani, wacce galibi ana ba da shawarar ga mata masu juna biyu, tana ɗauke da thimerosal sau 10 fiye da allurar rigakafin, amma bisa ga bayanan kimiyya na baya -bayan nan, babu wata shaidar cewa matan da suka karɓi wannan allurar sun sami allurar rigakafi. zubewar ciki ko kuma ta haifi ɗanta mara kyau. Daga D.r de Wals, na INSPQ, ya nuna cewa “allurar rigakafin ba tare da adjuvant ba har yanzu tana ɗauke da µg 50 na thimerosal, wanda ke ba da ƙarancin mercury fiye da abin da za a iya cinyewa yayin cin kifi”.

Illolin da ke tattare da allurar rigakafin mura galibi na musamman ne kuma ana iyakance su ga matsanancin zafi inda allura ta shiga fatar hannu, zazzabi mai sauƙi, ko raɗaɗi a cikin yini ko makamancin haka. kwana biyu bayan allurar rigakafi. Gudanar da acetaminophen (paracetamol) zai taimaka rage waɗannan alamun.

A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, mutum na iya samun jajaye ko idanun idanu, tari, da kumburin fuska a cikin awanni kadan da samun allurar. Yawancin waɗannan tasirin suna tafiya bayan sa'o'i 48.

Ga allurar rigakafin cutar A (H1N1) 2009, gwajin asibiti da ake yi a Kanada bai cika ba lokacin da aka fara kamfen ɗin rigakafin, amma hukumomin kiwon lafiya sun yi imanin cewa haɗarin illa ba kaɗan bane. A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, ya zuwa yanzu an lura da wasu ƙananan sakamako masu illa a ƙasashen da aka riga aka yi allurar rigakafin. A China, alal misali, 4 daga cikin mutane 39 da aka yi wa allurar za su fuskanci irin wannan tasirin.

Mutanen da suka riga sun kamu da rashin lafiyar kwai mai ƙarfi (girgizar anaphylactic) yakamata su ga likitan rashin lafiyar ko likitan dangin su kafin a yi musu allurar rigakafi.

Rashin lafiyar Penicillin ba contraindication bane. Koyaya, mutanen da suka sami halayen anaphylactic zuwa neomycin ko polymyxin B sulfate (maganin rigakafi) a baya bai kamata su karɓi allurar da ba ta da amfani ba (Panvax), tunda yana iya ƙunsar alamun sa.

Thimerosal (maganin rigakafin alurar riga kafi) haƙiƙa wani abu ne na mercury. Ba kamar methylmercury ba - wanda ke samuwa a cikin muhalli kuma yana iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar kwakwalwa da jijiyoyi, idan an sha shi da yawa - thimerosal yana daidaitawa zuwa wani samfurin da ake kira ethylmercury, wanda jiki ya wanke da sauri. . Masana sun yi imanin cewa amfani da shi yana da lafiya kuma baya haifar da haɗari ga lafiya. Da'awar cewa mercury a cikin alluran rigakafi na iya haɗawa da Autism saboda sakamakon bincike da yawa.

An shirya allurar rigakafin cutar ta amfani da hanyoyi iri ɗaya kamar yadda duk allurar rigakafin mura ta amince da gudanarwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Bambanci kawai shine kasancewar adjuvant, wanda ya zama dole don samar da irin wannan adadin allurai a farashi mai karɓa. Wannan adjuvant ba sabo bane. An yi amfani da shi shekaru da yawa don tayar da martanin rigakafi ga alluran rigakafi, amma ƙari ga allurar mura ba a taɓa amincewa da shi a Kanada ba. An yi ta tun daga ranar 21 ga Oktoba XNUMX. Lafiya Kanada ta tabbatar da cewa ba ta taƙaita tsarin amincewa ba.

Idan kun kasance masu fama da nau'in cutar A (H2009N1) na 1, kuna da rigakafin kwatankwacin abin da yakamata allurar ta bayar. Hanya guda daya tilo da za a tabbatar cewa ita ce wannan nau'in cutar mura da kuka kamu da ita ita ce samun likitan likita don hakan. Koyaya, tun bayan tabbatar da cewa wannan mura ta zama annoba, WHO ta ba da shawarar kar a gano tsarin A na H (H2009N1) na 1. Saboda wannan, yawancin mutanen da ke fama da mura ba su san ko sun kamu da cutar A (H1N1) ko wata cutar mura ba. Hukumomin lafiya sun yi imanin cewa babu hadari a cikin samun allurar, koda kuwa mutum ya riga ya kamu da cutar ta kwalara.

Ganin girman mura A (H1N1) a cikin 'yan watannin nan, an dakatar da allurar rigakafin mura, wanda aka shirya yi a shekarar 2009, zuwa Janairu 2010, a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Wannan jinkirin yana da niyyar ba da fifiko ga kamfen ɗin rigakafin cutar A (H1N1), kuma yana ba hukumomin kiwon lafiya damar daidaita dabarun su na rigakafin mura na yanayi zuwa abubuwan lura na gaba.

A Kanada, tsakanin mutane 4 zuwa 000 suna mutuwa ta mura a kowace shekara. A Quebec, akwai kusan mutuwar 8 a kowace shekara. An kiyasta cewa kusan 000% na mutanen da ke kamuwa da mura na lokaci suna mutuwa daga gare ta.

A halin yanzu, masana sun yi kiyasin cewa kwayar cutar A (H1N1) kwatankwacin ta mura ce ta zamani, wato a ce adadin mutuwar da ake dangantawa da ita ya kusan kashi 0,1%.

Magungunan murar aladu da aka yi amfani da su a Amurka a 1976 an haɗa su da ƙarancin (kusan shari'ar 1 a cikin alluran rigakafin 100), amma babban haɗarin haɓaka ciwon Guillain-Barré (GBS-rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki, mai yiwuwa 'asalin autoimmune) a cikin makonni 000 na gudanarwa. Waɗannan alluran rigakafin ba su da wani adjuvant. Har yanzu ba a san musabbabin musabbabin wannan ƙungiya ba. Nazarin wasu alluran rigakafin mura da aka bayar tun 8 bai nuna wata alaƙa da GBS ba, ko kuma, a mafi yawan lokuta, ƙarancin haɗarin kusan shari'ar 1976 a cikin allurar miliyan 1. Hukumomin lafiya na Quebec sun yi imanin cewa haɗarin bai fi na yaran da ba a taɓa yin allurar rigakafi ba.

A Dr de Wals ya nuna cewa wannan ciwo yana da wuya a cikin yara. “Yawanci yana shafar tsofaffi. A sanina, babu wani dalili da zai sa a yarda cewa yaran da ba a taɓa yin allurar rigakafi ba suna cikin haɗari fiye da sauran. "

Pierre Lefrançois - PasseportSanté.net

Majiyoyi: Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Quebec da Sabis na Jama'a da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Quebec (INSPQ).