Wannan nau'i na rashin jini yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin bitamin B12 (cobalamin). Vitamin B12 yana da mahimmanci don samuwar sel jini, musamman. Wannan karancin jini yana yin sannu a hankali, bayan watanni ko shekaru na karancin bitamin. The tsofaffi sun fi shafa: kusan kashi 12% daga cikinsu ana cewa suna fama da rashi a cikin wannan bitamin, ba tare da lallai anemia ba¹.

Ana samun Vitamin B12 ta hanyar cinyewa kayan abinci na asalin dabbobi, kamar nama, kwai, kifi da kifin kifi. Ga yawancin mutane, abinci yana ba wa jiki fiye da B12 fiye da yadda yake buƙata. An adana abin da ya wuce kima a cikin hanta. Zai yiwu a sha wahala daga anemia daga rashin B12 a cikin abinci, amma yana da wuya. Mafi sau da yawa, anemia yana haifar da matsala tare dasha na bitamin.

THEanemia mai cutarwa zai shafi 2% zuwa 4% na yawan jama'a². Mai yiyuwa ne ba a gano shi ba saboda alamomin ba koyaushe a bayyane suke ba don gano su.

Sanadin

Rashin iya yin kyau mai shayarwa bitamin B12 da ke kunshe a cikin abinci: wannan sanadin shine na kowa. Anan akwai manyan abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da rashin sha.

• Rashin abubuwan mahimmanci. Abun ciki shine kwayoyin da ke ɓoye cikin ciki wanda ke ba da damar shan bitamin B12 a cikin ƙananan hanji ta hanyar ɗaure shi (duba zane). Don ɗaukar nauyi tsakanin abin da ke ciki da B12 don faruwa, dole ne a sami madaidaicin matakin acidity a ciki. Lokacin da anemia ke haifar da rashin abubuwan ciki, ana kirantaanemia mai cutarwa ko Biermer ta anemia. Abubuwan kwayoyin halitta zasu shiga tsakani. 

• Ƙananan acidity a ciki. 60% zuwa 70% na raunin bitamin B12 a cikin tsofaffi zai zama saboda rashin acidity na ciki¹. Tare da shekaru, ƙwayoyin ciki suna ɓoye ƙarancin acid na ciki da kuma ƙarancin abubuwan ciki. Regular da tsawo ci na magunguna antacids³, kamar masu toshe tarihin (misali ranitidine) amma musamman daga ajin masu hana famfo na proton (misali omeprazole), suma suna ƙara haɗarin¹.
• Amfani da metformin. Mutanen da ke ɗaukar metformin, galibi don magance ciwon sukari, suna cikin haɗari mafi girma ga ƙarancin bitamin B12⁴.

• Cutar kansa (Cutar Graves, thyroiditis, vitiligo, da dai sauransu): a cikin waɗannan lamuran, autoantibodies za su ɗaure mahimman abubuwan, ba sa samuwa don ɗaure bitamin B12. 

• Ciwon hanji, wanda ke hana wucewar bitamin B12 ta bangon hanji (alal misali, cutar Crohn, ulcerative colitis, ko cutar celiac). Yawan shan kari na bitamin galibi likita ya ba da shawarar don hana nakasa. Dangane da cutar celiac, shayar da bitamin B12 yana dawowa zuwa al'ada da zarar an karɓi abinci mara yalwa. Duk wata cuta da ke haifar da malabsorption, kamar ciwon hanji na yau da kullun ko ƙyar cutar ƙwayar cuta na iya haifar da raunin bitamin B12.

• Wasu tiyata ko ƙananan hanji. Marasa lafiya suna samun kariyar rigakafin bitamin B12.
  

  Hakanan ana iya samun karancin jini rashin bitamin B12 in wadata. Amma wannan yanayin ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, tunda yana ɗaukar ƙananan B12 kawai don biyan bukatun jiki. Bugu da kari, wannan yana da ikon yin muhimman tanadi, wanda zai iya wadatar da bukatun cikin shekaru 3 ko 4. Mabiya tsananin cin ganyayyaki (wanda kuma ake kira veganiyanci), waɗanda ba sa cin furotin na asalin dabba, na iya fama da karancin jini, a cikin dogon lokaci, idan ba su cika biyan bukatun B12 ba (duba Rigakafi). Bincike ya nuna cewa kashi 92% na vegans suna da ƙarancin bitamin B12 idan ba su ɗauki kari ba, idan aka kwatanta da 11% na omnivores.⁵.

Juyin Halitta

THErashin isasshen bitamin B12 yana shiga cikin sannu a hankali, a ɓoye. Duk da haka, ana iya magance wannan karancin cikin sauri da sauƙi. Daga kwanakin farko na jiyya, alamun sun ragu. A cikin weeksan makonni, yawanci ana iya gyara rashi.

Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a kula da wannan nau'in cutar rashin jini, saboda tsawon shekaru, bayyanar cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini na iya bayyana (numbness da tingling in the extremities, gait disturbance, mood swings, depression, psychosis, symptoms of dementia, etc.). Waɗannan alamun suna ɗaukar tsawon lokaci kafin su ɓace (wani lokacin watanni 6 ko fiye). Wani lokaci har yanzu akwai abubuwan da suka biyo baya.

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar anemia suma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon ciki fiye da sauran jama'a.

bincike

THEanemia da ke haifar da raunin B12 ana iya gano shi ta hanyoyi daban -daban na jini. Abubuwa masu zuwa masu zuwa sune alamomi:

• raguwa a cikin adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, farin jini da platelet;
• raguwa a cikin hematocrit, wato ƙarar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini suka mamaye na jini;
• rage matakin haemoglobin;
• ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jinin jini (yana nufin ƙimar duniya ko MCV): yana iya kasancewa da tsayayye idan anemia rashi baƙin ƙarfe (rashi baƙin ƙarfe) shima yana nan;
• canji a bayyanar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da fararen jinin, wanda za a iya gani ta hanyar bincika shafa jini.
• Ana iya samun rashi na bitamin B12 ba tare da anemia ba.

Likitan kuma yana duba matakan bitamin B12, folic acid da iron a cikin jini. Hakanan dole ne mu gano dalilin rashin jini. Idan an gano raunin bitamin B12, ana yin gwaji don abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta.