Kwayoyin cututtuka na kowa ne kuma suna yaduwa sosai. Suna haifar da bayyanar iri -iri iri -iri. Misalan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sune nasopharyngitis, yawancin tonsillitis da mura.

A virosis cuta ce da kwayar cuta ta haifar. Ƙwayoyin cuta ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu ƙanƙantar da hankali waɗanda suka ƙunshi kayan halitta (RNA ko DNA nucleic acid) waɗanda ke kewaye da capsid wanda ya ƙunshi sunadarai kuma wani lokacin envelope. Ba za su iya ciyarwa da ninkawa da kansu ta hanyar rarrabuwa (alhali ƙwayoyin cuta sune halittu masu rai guda ɗaya waɗanda ke iya ciyarwa da ninkawa).

Ƙwayoyin cuta suna buƙatar sel mai masauki don tsira da haɓakawa. Kwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu iya haifar da cuta tare da alamu.

Kwayoyin cuta ba za su iya kamuwa da kowane nau'in sel ba. Kowace ƙwayar cuta tana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin tsirrai. Akwai ƙwayoyin cuta tare da numfashi, narkewa, al'aura, hepatic da neurological tropism. Koyaya, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna da yanayin zafi da yawa.

Misalan gabobin da aka yi niyya don ƙwayoyin cuta daban -daban:

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya: herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus, kyanda, mumps, rabies, arbovirus;
• Ido: kyanda, rubella, HSV, varicella zoster virus (VZV), CMV;
• Oropharynx da hanyoyin iska na sama: rhinovirus, mura, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, HSV, CMV;
• Ƙananan hanyoyin numfashi: mura, kyanda, adenovirus, CMV;
• Gastrointestinal fili: enterovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus; 
• Hanta: cutar hanta A, B, C, D da E;
• Al'aura: papillomavirus, HSV;
• Mafitsara: adenovirus 11;
• Fata: VZV, poxvirus, papillomavirus, HSV.

Cututtuka masu saurin kamuwa da cuta (na yau da kullun) suna warkewa a cikin 'yan kwanaki kuma har zuwa' yan makonni. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su cutar hepatitis B da cutar hepatitis C, na iya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin cututtuka na yau da kullun (ci gaba da gano ƙwayar cutar). Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dangin Herpesviridae (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV) suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ɓoyayyiyar ɓarna a cikin kwayoyin halitta (rashin gano ƙwayoyin cuta da ake iya ganowa) don haka yana iya sake kunnawa (sabon samar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta) a cikin babban yanayi. gajiya, damuwa ko garkuwar jiki (jujjuyawar sassan jiki, kamuwa da cutar kanjamau ko ciwon daji).

Ciwon Bronchiolitis

A Faransa, kowace shekara, jarirai 500 (watau 000% na yawan jarirai) suna fama da mashako. Bronchiolitis cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wanda ke faruwa musamman a cikin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara biyu.

Ya dace da kumburin bronchioles, ƙaramin bututun huhu na huhu. Toshewar su tana tare da hayaniyar halayyar da ke faruwa yayin numfashi da ake kira huhu. Bronchiolitis yana faruwa musamman daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu. Yana ɗaukar kusan mako guda, tari na iya ɗan daɗe. A cikin fiye da 70% na lokuta, kwayar cutar da ke da alhakin ita ce RSV, Virus Syncytial Virus.

Yana yaduwa sosai. Ana yaduwa daga jariri zuwa jariri ko babba zuwa jariri ta hannun hannu, yau, tari, atishawa da abubuwa masu gurbata. RSV kamuwa da cuta yana ba da haɗarin rikitarwa guda biyu: babban haɗarin haɓaka mummunan yanayin cutar da ke buƙatar asibiti da haɗarin na dogon lokaci na haɓaka “wucewar ƙwayar cutar huhu”. Ana bayyana wannan ta maimaita aukuwa tare da huci yayin numfashi.

Ruwa

Influenza cuta ce ta ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da ƙwayar mura, wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan uku: A, B da C. Nau'in A da B ne kaɗai ke iya ba da sifofin asibiti mai tsanani.

Cutar mura ta yanayi tana faruwa a cikin yanayin annoba a babban yankin Faransa. Mutane miliyan 2 zuwa 6 na kamuwa da mura a kowace shekara. Cutar mura ta zamani tana faruwa tsakanin watan Nuwamba da Afrilu. Yana ɗaukar matsakaicin makonni 9.

Influenza na iya haifar da rikice -rikice masu wahala a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari (tsofaffi ko batutuwan da suka raunana ta hanyar cututtukan cututtukan da ke da alaƙa). Mura ta zamani tana da alhakin kusan mutuwar mutane 10 a kowace shekara a Faransa.

Kamuwa da cututtuka na yaduwa sosai. Ana watsa ƙwayoyin cuta ta: 

• Saliva: CMV da Epstein Barr virus (EBV);
• Ruwan numfashi yayin tari ko atishawa: ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi (rhinovirus, influenza virus, RSV), kyanda, VZV;
• Fata ta hanyar wucewa, ta hanyar cizo, cizo ko ta rauni: cutar rabies, HSV, VZV;
• Stools: ta hanyar abinci ko hannayen da datti ya shafa (watsawa ta hanci-baki). Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta masu narkewa suna cikin ɗaki (adenovirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus);
• Abubuwan da aka gurbata (watsawa da hannu): Cutar mura, coronavirus;
• Fitsari: mumps, CMV, kyanda;
• Madarar nono: HIV, HTLV, CMV;
• Gudummawar jini da gabobin jiki: HIV, cutar hepatitis B (HBV), cutar hepatitis C (HCV), CMV…;
• Sirrin al'aura: HSV 1 da HSV 2, CMV, HBV, HIV;

Cutar vector: ana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar cizo daga dabba mai cutar (zazzabin rawaya, zazzabin dengue, encephalitis na Japan, encephalitis virus na West Nile da sauran arboviruses).

Yawancin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa suna asymptomatic (babu alamun cutar) ko tare da alamomin gaba ɗaya kamar zazzabi, gajiya, da kasancewar ƙwayoyin lymph. Wannan lamari ne, alal misali, tare da rubella, CMV ko EBV.

Alamomin kamuwa da cututtuka sun dogara ne akan gabobin da suka kamu. Yawancin cututtukan cututtukan hoto suna haifar da alamun fata (macules, papules, vesicles, fatar fata (redness): wannan shine misalin HSV, VZV, rubella misali.

Misali mura, ana bayyana shi da zazzabi mai zafi, sanyi, atishawa, tari, hanci mai ƙarfi, tsananin gajiya, ciwon jiki, ciwon kai. Nasopharyngitis (sanyi) yana nuna zazzabi, hanci mai toshewa, ruwan hanci, tari.

Ba za a iya magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da maganin rigakafi ba. Matsalolin kwayan cuta ne kawai na ƙwayoyin cuta suna buƙatar maganin rigakafi. Ana kula da Viroses don bayyanar cututtuka (zazzabi, zafi, tari) tare da antipyretics ko masu rage zafin ciwo, ko jiyya don takamaiman alamomi: anti-emetics idan akwai amai, mai sanyaya jiki ko kirim mai tsami kuma, wani lokacin, maganin antihistamine na baki don itching ta haifar da wasu fatar fata.

Za a iya ba da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mummunan yanayi na mura, don magance cutar HIV, hepatitis B ko C na yau da kullun, ko wasu ƙwayoyin cuta.