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Viral meningitis: ma'anar da haddasawa
Cutar sankarau kumburi ce ta meninges, siraran membranes da ke kewaye da kare kwakwalwa da kashin baya (waɗanda ke haɗa tsarin juyayi na tsakiya). Yawancin lokaci mai alaka da kwayar cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, ko kwayan cuta, ko ma kamuwa da fungal, ciwon sankarau yana bayyana musamman ta hanyar wuce haddi na ruwa na cerebrospinal, wanda ke ƙara matsa lamba na ciki kuma yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban.
Dangane da kwayar cutar sankarau, saboda haka akwai nau'ikan cutar sankarau, ciki har da ciwon sankarau na kwayan cuta, wanda har zuwa yanzu shine mafi tsanani.
Kwayar cutar sankarau, a daya bangaren, na iya haifar da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. ko da yake mafi yawan su ne saboda enterovirus, irin su echovirus, coxsackie ƙwayoyin cuta (lura cewa nau'in A kuma yana da alhakin ciwon ƙafar bakin-hannu) ko cutar shan inna (masu aikin poliomyelitis).
Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da cutar sankarau, kamar waɗanda ke da alhakin:
- kashin kaji ko shingle;
- kyanda;
- rubella;
- mumps;
- HIV;
- mai yaduwa mononucleosis;
- herpes.
A lura cewa, a gaskiya, rigakafin cutar kyanda, mumps, rubella da polio hana kamuwa da cutar sankarau mai alaƙa da waɗannan cututtukan. Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da sankarau suna fama da rigakafin tilas, wanda ya haɗa da cututtukan cututtuka 11.
Ciwon Meningeal ya mamaye
A cikin yanayin cutar sankarau, cutar sankarau meningeal ciwo, alamar kumburin meninges, shine rinjaye. Manyan alamomin sune kamar haka:
- ciwon kai (ciwon kai);
- wuyan wuyansa;
- photophobia (hankali ga haske);
- tashin zuciya da/ko amai.
Ba kamar ciwon sankarau na kwayan cuta ba, ciwon da ke ɗauke da cutar, wanda ke da alaƙa da wasu abubuwan da zazzabi mai zafi, ba shi da alama, ko da yake akwai aƙalla da farko.
Lura cewa kwayar cutar da ake magana a kai tana iya cutar da wasu gabobin a lokaci guda, kuma tana haifar da zub da jini, ciwon makogwaro, ciwon kunne, tari, kurji ko ma wahalar numfashi.
Alamun da ba a tantance ba a cikin jarirai ko jarirai
Hankali, a cikin jariri (jarirai ko ma jarirai), alamomin na iya ruɗewa da na wani nau'in ilimin cututtuka ko na ƙwayar cuta wanda ya rikiɗe zuwa sankarau.
Don haka lamari ne na lura da taka tsantsan wajen fuskantar bayyanar mai karfi zazzabi, rashin cin abinci, halin ko-in-kula ko ma hargitsi na hankali, launin toka-toka, jujjuyawa, rashin jin jinjirin ko kukan da ba a gama ba. Haka nan jaririn na iya samun kumburin fontanel na sama saboda yawan ruwan cerebrospinal da ke fitowa daga cutar sankarau.
Huda lumbar don tabbatar da ganewar asali
Ba za a iya tabbatar da asalin kwayar cutar ba ne kawai ko kuma a cire shi don goyon bayan cutar sankarau bayan an yi samfurin ruwan cerebrospinal godiya ga huda lumbar, da kuma nazarin samfurin. Lura cewa rashinfata rash (purpura fulminans, alamun gaggawa na barazanar rayuwa na ci gaban mataki na meningococcal meningitis) na iya riga ya jagoranci ganewar asali zuwa cutar sankarau, kamar yadda zai iya share ruwan cerebrospinal.
Wani lokaci, musamman a yara ko jarirai kuma idan alamun suna da damuwa, an rubuta maganin rigakafi da gaggawa a yayin da ake jiran sakamakon bincike na cerebrospinal fluid, don iyakance sakamakon idan ya zama cutar sankarau ce ta kwayan cuta.
Yaduwar cutar sankarau ya dogara da kwayar cutar da ke ciki.
A cikin yanayin enteroviruses, wanda ke wakiltar mafi yawan ƙwayar cutar sankarau, watsawa yakan faru ta hanyar kusanci da wanda ya kamu da cutar, ta hanyar ɓoyewar hanci, a wasu kalmomi ɗigon ruwa (postilions, tari, raba gurɓatattun abubuwa). Don haka a nisanci sumbata da kusantar juna domin majiyyaci ya guji yada cutar ga danginsa.
Hakanan ana iya watsawa ta hanyar jini, daga wani wuri mai kamuwa da cuta wanda ke wani wuri a cikin jiki, musamman a yanayin cutar mumps, kaji ko shingles, ko rubella. Yaron zai fara fama da irin wannan cuta mai saurin yaduwa kafin ta rikide zuwa cutar sankarau.
Le lamba tare da gurɓataccen stool daga wanda ya kamu da cutar kuma yana iya haifar da gurbacewa, shi ya sa ake ba da shawarar wanke hannu da kyau a lokacin da ake canza jaririn da ke fama da cutar sankarau, sannan a rika ba da ruwan wanka akai-akai (ko ajiye bandaki guda daya) idan babba ko yaro a cikin iyali yana fama da wahala. daga cutar sankarau.
Idan cutar sankarau ta fiyu daga chikungunya, Zika ko West Nile, ana watsawa daga cizon sauro damisa ɗauke da cutar.
A ƙarshe, idan cutar sankarau tana da alaƙa da HIV, cutar ta faru ta hanyar jima'i ko raba gurɓataccen allura.
Ko da yake yana iya zama mai ban sha'awa idan aka yi la'akari da alamunsa, kwayar cutar sankarau ita ce kullum m. A cikin mutumin da ba shi da raunin rigakafi, warkaswa yawanci yana faruwa ba tare da wasu abubuwa ba bayan 'yan kwanaki, goma a mafi yawa. Kwanan gado da magungunan kashe radadi suna yawan isa ga majiyyaci ya murmure.
Tunda kwayar cutar sankarau cuta ce ke haifar da ita ba kwayoyin cuta ba, ba lallai ba ne a rubuta maganin rigakafi (akalla da zarar an tabbatar da ganewar asali). Magani galibi alamomi ne, don haka ya ƙunshi kawar da alamun cutar sankarau, kamar zazzabi ko ciwon kai.
Sai kawai nau'i mai tsanani na cutar sankarau, musamman maningoencephalitis da ke da alaƙa da herpes, suna buƙatar amfani da maganin rigakafi.
kafofin:
- https://www.ameli.fr/assure/sante/themes/meningite-aigue/definition-causes-facteurs-favorisants
- https://www.associationpetitange.com/meningite-virale.html
- https://www.meningitis.ca/fr/ViralMeningitis