Jijiyoyin vertebral (jijiya, daga arteria na Latin, daga Girkanci artêria, vertebra, daga Latin vertebra, daga vertere) yana tabbatar da samar da jinin oxygenated zuwa kwakwalwa.

Matsayi. Biyu a lamba, hagu da dama jijiyoyi na kashin baya suna cikin wuya da kai.

size. Jijiyoyin vertebral suna da matsakaicin ma'auni na 3 zuwa 4 mm. Sau da yawa suna gabatar da asymmetry: jijiyar kashin baya na hagu gabaɗaya yana da girma fiye da jijiyar vertebral na dama. (1)

Origin. Jijin kashin baya ya samo asali ne daga saman fuskar gangar jikin jijiyar subclavian, kuma ya zama reshe na farko na haɗin gwiwa na ƙarshen. (1)

hanyar. Jijin kashin baya yana tafiya sama da wuya don haɗa kai. Yana ɗaukar madaidaicin magudanar ruwa, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar tarawar kashin mahaifa. Lokacin da ya isa matakin farkon kashin mahaifa na mahaifa, ya ƙetara magudanar magudanar ruwa, ko gabban ido, don shiga sashin baya na kwakwalwa. (2)

ƙarshe. Ana samun jijiyoyi biyu na vertebral a matakin kwakwalwa, kuma musamman a matakin tsagi tsakanin gada da medulla oblongata. Sun haɗu don samar da jijiyar basilar ko gangar jikin. (2)

Reshe na jijiyar kashin baya. Tare da hanyarsa, jijiyar kashin baya yana haifar da wasu rassa masu mahimmanci ko žasa. Mun bambanta musamman (3):

• Rassan dorso-spinal, wanda ke tasowa a matakin ƙwayar mahaifa;
• Jijiya na baya da na baya, wanda ya samo asali a cikin sashin intracranial.

ban ruwa. Jijiyoyin vertebral sannan kututturen basilar suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jijiyar jijiyoyin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa.

Rarraba jijiyar kashin baya wata cuta ce wacce ta dace da bayyanar da ci gaban hematomas a cikin jijiyar kashin baya. Dangane da matsayi na waɗannan hematomas, ƙila za a iya ƙunsar ma'aunin jijiya ko ɓata.

• Idan ma'aunin jijiya na kashin baya ya ragu, zai iya toshewa. Wannan yana haifar da raguwa ko ma dakatar da jijiyoyin jini, kuma zai iya haifar da harin ischemic.
• Idan ma'auni na jijiyar vertebral ya bazu, zai iya damfara tsarin makwabta. A wasu lokuta, bangon jijiya na iya tsagewa kuma ya haifar da haɗari na jini. Waɗannan hare-haren ischemic da na zubar jini sun haɗa da hatsarori na cerebrovascular. (4) (5)
• Thrombosis. Wannan ilimin cututtuka ya dace da samuwar jini a cikin jini. Lokacin da wannan ilimin cututtuka ya shafi jijiya, ana kiranta thrombosis arterial. (5)

Hawan jini na jijiya. Wannan pathology yayi dace da matsananciyar matsananciyar jini akan bangon arteries, wanda ke faruwa musamman a matakin jijiya na mata. Zai iya ƙara haɗarin cututtukan jijiyoyin jini. (6)

Drug jiyya. Dangane da yanayin da aka gano, ana iya rubuta wasu magunguna don rage hawan jini.

Thrombolyse. Anyi amfani dashi lokacin shanyewar jiki, wannan jiyya ya ƙunshi rushewar thrombi, ko ƙin jini, tare da taimakon magunguna. (5)

Jiyya na tiyata. Dangane da ilimin cututtukan da aka gano da juyin halittarsa, tiyata na iya zama dole.

Nazarin jiki. Na farko, ana yin gwajin asibiti don ganowa da tantance zafin da mai haƙuri ya gane.

Gwajin hoton likitanci. Don tabbatarwa ko zurfafa ganewar asali, ana iya yin X-ray, CT, CT angiography da gwaje-gwajen arteriography.

• Doppler duban dan tayi. Wannan takamaiman duban dan tayi yana ba da damar lura da kwararar jini.

Jijin kashin baya yana da bambance-bambancen yanayin jikin mutum daban-daban, musamman ma akan asalinsa. Gabaɗaya ya samo asali ne daga saman saman gangar jikin jijiya na subclavian amma yana faruwa cewa ya samo asali ne daga ƙasa don zama reshe na biyu na haɗin gwiwa na jijiyoyin subclavian, bayan gangar jikin thyrocervical. Hakanan yana iya tashi sama. Misali, jijiyar vertebral na hagu na fitowa daga baka aortic a cikin 5% na mutane. (1) (2)