Babban masana'antar fina-finai a doron kasa - Hollywood - sannu a hankali yana canzawa zuwa kwamfuta don kawar da ikirarin rashin da'a ga dabbobi da kuma sauƙaƙa rayuwarsu.
Hollywood yana da dogon tarihi mai rikitarwa na zalunci kuma ba a kula da dabbobi ba… Daya daga cikin labarai marasa dadi na farko tare da "kanannen mu" a cikin silima ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin stunt a cikin fim din "" a 1939 tare da fitaccen tauraro na wancan lokacin. , inda ake zargin wani kawaye ya tsallake rijiya da baya akan dawakai. Shi kansa “kawoyi” bai ji rauni ba, amma don yin fim ɗin wannan wurin, an rufe dawakan idanu kuma… da gaske an tilasta musu tsalle daga wani babban dutse. Dokin ya karya kashin bayansa aka harbe shi. Da alama irin wannan zalunci ba zai yiwu ba a kwanakin nan, amma ba komai ba ne mai sauƙi…
Ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Dabbobi (AHA) a cikin 1980s ya ba da damar ƙara layin kwantar da hankali "Babu dabbobin da aka cutar da su a cikin yin wannan fim" zuwa ƙarshe da kuma buɗe ƙididdiga. Amma a haƙiƙa, wasu masu lura da al’amura sun lura cewa ƙirƙirar wannan ƙungiyar a wasu lokuta wani sashe ne kawai na cin zarafin dabbobi, domin. yana nuna babban iyaka na abin alhaki, koda dabbar ta mutu akan saitin! Yarjejeniyar tsakanin shugabannin Hollywood da ANA sun ba da, a gaskiya, cewa kawai wakilin wannan ƙungiya ya kasance a kan saiti - "don wannan" ANA ta ba da damar yin layi mai kyau a cikin ƙididdiga! Kuma shi kadai mai kallo ya gudanar da bin tsarin yin fim, kuma abin da ya yi, "yanzu" a kan saitin, kuma wane irin dangantaka da dabbobi ya dace da ma'anar "mutum" - wannan kawai aka sani ga ANA. Ba shi da wahala a iya hasashen irin cin zarafi zai iya zama - kuma, a wasu lokuta, sun kasance! (duba ƙasa) - a kan lamiri na irin wannan ƙananan "mawallafin" mai zaman kansa.
A kwanakin nan, dabbobi ba sa mutuwa akan kyamara kamar yadda suka yi a Jesse James - ANA tana sa ido kan hakan. Bayan haka, a gaskiya, babu wani abu kuma. Kamar yadda ANA ta bayyana bayan mutuwar dabbobi 27 a kan saitin fim din "The Hobbit" ga 'yan jarida na Hollywood jarida, kyakkyawar ma'anar "Babu dabbar da aka cutar da ita a lokacin yin fim na wannan fim", saboda. babu abin da aka tabbatar. Yana nufin kawai dabbobin ba su sha wahala ba kuma ba su mutu ba yayin da kyamarar fim ɗin ke ɗaukar su! Akwai wani iyakancewa - dabbobin na iya mutuwa saboda sakaci na ma'aikatan fim, ba da gangan ba - kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, ma, ba a cire wani kyakkyawan taken a ƙarshen fim ɗin ba. Don haka, wannan ƙungiyar ta yarda da cewa yawancin fina-finan Hollywood, "an gwada su kuma an amince da su" ta ANA, an yi fim tare da dabbobi suna mutuwa. Duk da haka, ya riga ya kasance a cikin jama'a.
Don haka, alal misali, a cikin 2003, bayan kwanaki hudu na yin fim na waje na fim "" akwai kifaye da yawa da suka mutu a bakin tekun. Wakilan ANA kawai sun ƙi yin tsokaci game da wannan taron a bainar jama'a.
A kan saitin fim din yara game da dabbobi "" (2006), dawakai biyu sun mutu. Yunkurin bincike na sirri kan lamarin da lauya Bob Ferber ya yi. Har ila yau, dawakai sun kasance marasa sa'a a kan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na HBO "" (2012) - bayan dawakai 4 da kuma kashe saitin (labari mai ban mamaki) da kuma gunaguni na gaba (ciki har da daga), an soke kakar wasa ta biyu.
A cikin 2006, Disney ya yi fim mai ban sha'awa da ƙauna da yawancin fina-finai na iyali game da amincin kare "" tare da babban tauraron Paul Walker. Ba kowa ba ne ya san cewa daya daga cikin karnukan da ke kan saitin an harba shi da wulakanci. A martanin da masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil’adama suka yi, ANA ta bayyana cewa, mai horar da ‘yan wasan ya raba karnukan da ke fada ta haka ne, kuma ba sai an canza sunayen da ke cikin fim din ba.
A kan saitin wasan kwaikwayo na 2011 "" giraffe ya mutu (duk da kasancewar wakilin ANA). Kuma a kan saitin fim din "" (2011), masu horarwa sun doke ... wanene kuma? – giwa (duk da haka, alkiblar fim din ta musanta hakan). Don haka, ba duk fina-finan yara ba ne daidai da ɗabi'a.
Kamar yadda ya fito, lokacin ƙirƙirar shahararren fim din "" (2012) - sun kuma yi wa dabbobi rashin tausayi! Ciki har da, a harbin rumfa a cikin tafkin, wata damisa ta kusan nutsewa. Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa damisa a cikin wannan fim ɗin shine samfurin "dijital" gaba ɗaya, yanayin motsin kwamfuta, amma wannan ba haka bane. A wasu sassan, an yi fim ɗin wani damisa na gaske mai suna King. Ma'aikaciyar ANA Gina Johnson game da abin kunya da damisar, lokacin da, saboda sakaci na ma'aikatan fim, damisar ta kusa nutsewa, ya yi nasarar ceto ta hanyar mu'ujiza - amma ba ta sanar da shugabanninta ba, kuma ba hukuma ba, amma abokinta. a cikin imel na sirri. "Kada ka gaya wa kowa game da wannan, na sha wahala a saka wannan harka a kan birki!" ya rubuta mai lura da hakkin dan Adam na ANA a karshen wannan wasika ta sirri da manyan haruffa. Wasikar ta zama abin da jama'a ke bin diddigin bayanan bayan da aka fitar da bayanai daga daukar fim din. Sakamakon binciken da aka yi, ya nuna cewa mai kallo yana da dangantaka da babban wakilin jagorancin wannan fim - don haka ta rufe ido ga wannan lamarin (kuma, wanda ya sani, watakila wasu). Kuma a ƙarshe, ko da ba a ba da uzuri ga “yara da iyaye” ba, kuma abin alfaharin fim ɗin ya nuna cewa “Babu ko dabba ɗaya da aka yi wa lahani.” "Life of Pi" ya kawo dala miliyan 609 kuma ya sami 4 "Oscars". Yawancin masu kallo har yanzu suna da tabbacin cewa damisa ko ma duk dabbobin da ke cikin fim din suna da nau'in nau'in kwamfuta na XNUMX%.
Daga baya, rashin da'a ga dabbobi a kan saitin Life of Pi ya sami iska ta biyu lokacin da wani hoton damisa ya yi masa mummunan rauni da mai horar da shi wanda ya ba da damisa don Life of Pi ya shiga Intanet. Kocin wanda ya mayar da martani kan badakalar da ta biyo baya, ya ce ya yi bulala ne ba wai damisar da kanta ba, sai kasa a gabansa. A lokaci guda kuma, rikodin ya nuna a fili yadda ya danna damisar da ke kwance a bayansa tare da bulala akai-akai, kuma za ku ji shi, kamar mai bakin ciki na gaske: "Ina son doke shi a fuska. Kuma a kan tafin hannu… Lokacin da ya sanya tafukan sa a kan dutse, kuma na buge shi - yana da kyau. Domin ya fi zafi,” da sauransu. (Rikodin yana yanzu, amma ba a ba da shawarar kallon shi ba!).
Ba kowa ba ne ya san cewa a kan saitin wani megablockbuster - fim din trilogy na farko "" bisa ga littafin JRR Tolkien - a cikin wani abin da ya faru lokacin da ma'aikatan fim din ba su da aiki: ponies, tumaki, awaki. Wasu daga cikinsu sun mutu sakamakon rashin ruwa, wasu kuma sun nutse a cikin ramukan ruwa. Horon da dabbobin ya faru ne a wata gona a New Zealand ba a ba da mai lura da ANA ba. Haka kuma, a lokacin da babban mai horas da fim din (John Smith) da kansa ya yi kokarin binciki musabbabin wannan bala’in, wanda bai ji dadinsa ba, ta hanyar tuntubar ANA, an hana shi, inda ya kara da cewa, saboda rashin kwararan hujjoji zai yi. har yanzu ba a iya tabbatar da komai ba. Sai dai bayan da Smith ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya binne matattun dabbobin da hannunsa a kusa da wannan gonar, kuma a shirye yake da kansa ya nuna wa ‘yan sanda wurin da kwarangwal dinsu yake, ANA ta canza yadda aka saba “… credits na wannan fim zuwa wani, streamlined kalmomi - cewa al'amuran tare da halartar babban adadin dabbobi a cikin wannan fim an yi fim a karkashin kulawar wakilansu. Ko wannan magana ta zama karya ce…
Tabbas, ANA a kalla, amma suna yin aikinsu. Don haka, alal misali, a lokacin yin fim na kwanan nan blockbuster "" (2011) tare da fitaccen dan wasan Amurka Matt Damon, bisa ga yawancin masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam, har ma ƙudan zuma an bi da su tare da matuƙar ɗabi'a da hankali. Amma sai wasu suna da tambayoyi game da xa'a na ainihin ra'ayin wannan fim, wanda masu hannu da shuni a cikinsa… buɗe gidan zoo?! Shin da gaske ne ba zai yiwu a fito da wani abu da bai shafi ajiye dabbobi a keji don riba ba? yawancin masu cin ganyayyaki na Yamma suna yin sharhi. Bayan haka, kamar yadda kowane babba ya fahimta, gidan zoo ya yi nisa da cikakkiyar kasuwanci ta fuskar kula da dabbobi…. A cikin kalma - wani nau'i na bakon "mafarki na Amurka" a cikin marubutan fim din, wasu masu kallo masu hankali sun lura.
Abin farin ciki, ana yin fina-finai tare da dabbobi ... ba tare da sa hannun dabbobi ba! A kan kwamfutar. A cewar manyan daraktoci - irin su, wanda ya warware matsalar harbin fadace-fadacen da suka shafi dabbobi a cikin fim din "" (2009) ta amfani da zane-zane na kwamfuta. A cikin wannan fim ɗin, ba wai kawai "babu dabbobin da aka cutar da su", har ma ba su shiga cikin yin fim ba… An shirya rubutun a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, amma Cameron yana jiran fasahar kwamfuta don haɓaka don aiwatar da manyan al'amuran gaba ɗaya. sanya a kwamfuta. A sakamakon haka, an yi amfani da gonakin supercomputer mai ƙarfi mai faɗin kusan kilomita ɗaya, tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa 35.000, don ƙirƙirar fim ɗin, yawancin gungu waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin kwamfutoci 200 mafi ƙarfi a duniya a lokacin. yin fim. Fiye da mutane 900 a duniya sun yi aiki a kan wasan kwaikwayo na kwamfuta don fim. Kowane minti na fim din a cikin tushen "na auna" fiye da 17 gigabytes na sararin faifai - wannan yana tare da tsawon yankewar darektan na minti 171 (!). Kuma harbi gabaɗaya ya kashe kusan dala miliyan 300. Amma, kamar yadda kuka sani, "Avatar", don sanya shi a hankali, an biya shi - zama fim mafi girma da aka samu a kowane lokaci a duniya. Kuma wannan kuma shine babban nasara na kula da dabbobi!
Fim din na baya-bayan nan "" (2016) sake, bisa ga masu kallo, ya kawo wasan kwaikwayo na kwamfuta zuwa wani sabon matakin, lokacin da zai yiwu a cimma ko dai cikakkiyar gaskiya - ko kuma kyakkyawan "majigin yara" - ba saboda ƙwarewar fasaha ba, amma a so. na darektan. A cikin Littafin Jungle, ko da yaro zai iya ganin irin ci gaban da raye-rayen ya samu a cikin shekaru 7 tun lokacin da aka saki Avatar.
A bayyane yake cewa dabbobin daji sun fi amfana daga amfani da zane-zane na kwamfuta = bayan haka, a gaskiya, suna cikin yanayi, kuma ba a kan saiti ba! Amma lokacin aiki tare da zane-zane na kwamfuta, darektan yana farin ciki, wanda ba ya sha wahala tare da sassansa masu jinkirin. Wani lokaci matsalar samun koda dabbar gida ta yi abin da ake bukata bisa ga rubutun a zahiri takan haukatar da daraktan. Don haka, darektan fim din "" (2009) Skype Jones ya harbe ... wani ɗan gajeren fim game da yadda ya yi ƙoƙari a banza don yin kare a kan saitin haushi a kan gudu! Karen ya yi wani abu sai abin da darektan ya so: gudu, amma bai yi haushi ba, ko gudu - sannan ya yi kuka, ko ya yi kuka, amma bai gudu ba .... da sauransu, ad infinitum! Wani ɗan gajeren fim game da azabar darektan ya karbi lakabin wanzuwa na wanzuwa "Rashin rashin yiwuwar yin kare kare a gudu" da kuma.
Don haka za a bar dabbobi su kadai nan ba da jimawa ba, kuma za a samar da sabbin ayyukan yi ga masu raya kasa? Haka ne, hakika, yawancin fina-finai "game da dabbobi" suna amfani da zane-zane na kwamfuta, alal misali, farawa da fim din "" (2001) na Steven Spielberg, wanda ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da "ilimin kwamfuta" ba.
Kuma game da sabon almara mai ban sha'awa "" (2014) na shahararren darekta Darren Aronofsky, sun yi ba'a cewa a cikinta Nuhu ... bai ajiye dabba ko daya ba - kawai zane-zane na kwamfuta "an loda" a cikin jirgin. Darektan eccentric wanda a'a, biyun kurciyoyi da hankaka daya a cikin hoton na gaske ne. Bugu da ƙari, ya nuna wa jama'a da ba su kula da fim din cewa fim din ba ya nuna dabbar daji guda ɗaya - wanda har yanzu ana iya samuwa, misali, a Afirka! Lalle ne, magoya bayan fim din sun tabbatar da cewa, bisa ga buƙatar Aronovsky, ƙwararrun kwamfuta sun ɗan "gyara" halittun da Nuhu ya ceci - ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'in dabbobin da ba su wanzu. Ana ƙoƙarin yin wasa da allah? Ko sabon matakin kula da dabbobi? Wa ya sani.
Akwai wata ma'ana: mutane da yawa suna lura cewa tare da maye gurbin dabbobi tare da manyan idanu masu ban dariya "garfields" daga fina-finai ... wasu fara'a na musamman suna barin, rayuwa ta tafi. Don haka yana da ban tausayi cewa Hollywood sau da yawa ba sa iya kula da dabbobi - da kuma mutane - 100% bisa ɗabi'a! Bakin ciki game da sannu a hankali tashi daga live masu ƙafa huɗu daga fina-finai Julie Totman ya bayyana da kyau: babban mai horar da kamfanin Bird da Animals UK, wanda ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai na jerin Harry Potter da kwanan nan blockbuster "" ( 2015), ya ce tare da maye gurbin dabbobi tare da haruffan hannu "sihiri zai fita daga cikin fina-finai: bayan haka, za ku iya bambanta inda ainihin yake da kuma inda karya yake."