Masana kimiyya a shirye suke su samar wa duniya da ingantaccen tsarin cin ganyayyaki ga nama… Shin mun shirya?
Wadanda suka gwada sababbin samfurori na vegan patties sun bayyana cewa (100% marasa jini!) "juyin juya hali" ya faru! Gaskiyar ita ce masana'antun abinci na zamani (Amurka) sun riga sun shirya don samar mana da "patty" mai cin ganyayyaki 100%, wanda ba abin dariya ba ne! - duka a cikin dandano da kuma a cikin bayyanar kusan kusan ba za a iya bambanta da na yau da kullun ba, masu cin nama sun saba da yawancin tsoffin masu cin nama.
Don haka, yanzu duk wanda aka saba da nama zai iya maye gurbin shi da "nama 2.0", wanda ya ɗanɗana daidai, amma baya buƙatar kashe dabbobi?! Da alama yana da kyau ya zama gaskiya - amma kusan shine. "dandanna" samfurin yana kusa da nama sosai don haka ba za a iya bayyana shi da kalmomi ba. Af, menene "dandano" duk da haka? Siffofinsa na organoleptic sun haɗa da: bayyanar, dandano, ƙanshi da laushi. Masu kera ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran "naman vegan" - wato, Beyond Meat, suna da'awar cewa sun sami cikakkiyar yarda a cikin duk waɗannan sigogi! Barin sana'ar waken soya a baya - sabon samfurin ba ya ƙunshi waken soya kwata-kwata, a cikin kowane nau'i, an yi shi daga ... kayan lambu. Mafarki? Yanzu gaskiya! Har ma fiye da haka: sabon samfurin "green patty" - wanda, a gaskiya, yana da matukar damuwa (saboda ruwan 'ya'yan itacen gwoza) - ko da lokacin dafa shi - ko da idan kun soya shi a cikin kwanon rufi ko a kan gasa bude ... Isn 'Ba haka ba, menene za'a iya buƙata daga "masanin nama"?
Tabbas, ƙari! Kuma mafi mahimmanci: irin wannan "patty" ya ƙunshi ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da furotin fiye da nama, tare da ɗabi'a 100%. Mafi ci gaba na sigar vegan patty na zamani, mai suna The Beast, an sanar da ita a watan Fabrairun 2015 a Amurka kuma ya ƙunshi haɗakar abubuwa masu wayo: gami da. man canola, man linseed, man sunflower, man dabino, man algae tare da DHA, furotin gram 23 na kayan lambu, baƙin ƙarfe, potassium, calcium, bitamin B6, B12, D, antioxidants, da DHA Omega-3 da ALA Omega-3 amino acid wanda ke inganta ƙwayar tsoka mai dawowa bayan horo na wasanni! Kamar yadda suke faɗa, sharhi kawai na wuce gona da iri.
Wannan ya riga ya kasance, a kowane hali, ainihin "juyin juya hali" - idan kun kwatanta irin wannan samfurin mai mahimmanci tare da yawancin kayan waken soya na ranar jiya, irin su ƙwallon soya mai arha, wanda shine, a gaskiya, furotin "tsirara". Kuma dangane da dandano, ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma kamanni, irin wannan cutlet yana kama da tashi zuwa sararin samaniya idan aka kwatanta da daftarin kullin samfuran da aka yi daga tempeh da seitan. Gaskiyar cewa irin wannan "nama" ba shi da bambanci daga "ainihin" an rubuta akai-akai a cikin shekaru 2-3 da suka gabata, ciki har da masu sukar gidan cin abinci masu sana'a,. Kuma baya ga, manyan VIPs na duniya, kamar Bill Gates. Abin sha'awa, amma har ma game da wannan: Kamfanin Abincin Abinci na Amurka ya taɓa haɗuwa da samfuransa, kuma ya sayar da salads tare da "kaza" mai cin ganyayyaki na Beyond Meat maimakon ainihin (yana da kyau cewa ba haka ba ne!): A cikin 'yan kaɗan. kwanaki, masu amfani da suka biya kudi ga irin wannan salads, kawai ba su lura da bambanci! A yau, dangane da maye gurbin nama na vegan, komai yana da kyau sosai wanda kawai mutum zai iya yin mamaki: "Wane ci gaba ya samu!"
Yawancin masana sun yarda cewa a cikin shekaru 2-3 da suka gabata an sami sauyi na gaske a cikin "gwagwarmayar" masu cin ganyayyaki da masu cin ganyayyaki don ƙirƙirar da'a da ɗorewa madadin nama. Waɗannan su ne masana'antun Amurka na cutlets na vegan da sauran samfuran makamantansu kuma sun yi wa lakabi da juyin juya halin nama.
A sahun gaba na wannan "juyin juya hali" babu shakka wani patty mai suna "The Beast" ("The Beast"). Hanyar masana kimiyya: masu ilimin halitta, masu gina jiki - da masu dafa abinci zuwa "Beast" ya kasance mai tsawo da wuya. A haƙiƙa, wannan tafarki ta fara tun da daɗewa. Masana tarihi cewa samfurin farko na duniya na "nama" (madoyin nama) an halicce su ne a tsohuwar kasar Sin - da kyau, in ba haka ba, idan ba a cikin kasar da ta ba da bindiga da kamfas ga bil'adama ba! - kusa da 903-970 (Daular Khan). Irin waɗannan cutlets ana kiransu "ɗan rago mai haske" kuma an shirya su bisa ga tofu, da farko kawai ga manyan masu girma: sarki da wakilan kotunsa.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, ruwa mai yawa ya gudana a ƙarƙashin gada - ciki har da, "na gode" ga masana'antar nama: an san cewa ana buƙatar lita 1 na ruwa don samar da kilogiram 4300 na naman kaza na halitta (don tunani, 1 kg na naman sa shine. 15 lita na ruwa!) … Don sanya shi a hankali, mai yawa , Ee? A wannan ma'anar, patty kaza daga wani burger "marasa laifi" yana da ruwa fiye da ruwan shawa zai zubar a cikin mako guda! Bugu da ƙari, likitoci sun san cewa cin nama yana ƙara haɗarin mutuwa daga bugun zuciya. Ba za a iya kiran yanayin kiyayewa da yanka dabbobi a gonakin masana'antu gabaɗaya ba face azabtarwa…
A ka'ida, yana da ban mamaki cewa hanyar daga "cutlet tofu na sarki" zuwa mafi girman "Monster" cutlet na samfurin na yanzu ya ɗauki mutane ... 1113 shekaru. Daga zanen jirgin farko zuwa "Mu tafi!" Yuri Gagarin ya wuce da yawa. Amma idan ka duba, naman ya ƙunshi galibin ... ruwa. Lokacin da muka sanya nama (ciki har da vegan) a cikin bakinmu, muna ji - menene? – fats da sunadarai. Sunadaran, a haƙiƙa, suna da “m” kawai, a maimakon haka, dogon sarƙoƙi na amino acid, waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa na asalin tsiro kuma. Don haka tsarin ƙirƙirar cutlet "kamar na gaske" shine tsari na sake haifar da irin wannan, jerin "dadi" na amino acid - kawai akan tushen shuka. Ciki har da mafi dadi daga cikinsu - glutamic acid (monosodium glutamate), wanda ke ba da ɗaya daga cikin dadin dandano biyar da ke samuwa ga harshen ɗan adam (umami). A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, wannan dandano ne ke da alhakin gaskiyar cewa mutane da yawa a duniya suna son nama. Amma wannan sinadari kuma ana fitar da shi daga algae, har ma da “daga bututun gwaji”. Yana da sauƙi cewa duk wani masanin ilimin chemist zai iya ƙirƙirar "soyayyen kaza" mai daɗi daga cikin ɗan waken soya har ma da haja na daidaitaccen dakin gwaje-gwajen chem na makaranta! Me yasa wannan aikin ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru 1000? Kuma me yasa masana daga Beyond Meat suka yanke shawara? Wataƙila ba za mu taɓa sani ba. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa sirrin shine cewa "nama" na Beyond Mea an shafe shi a cikin ganga na karfe a cikin wani miya na musamman, ciki har da kayan yaji. Wannan, ga alama, shine abin da ya sa "nama" na "Beast" ya zama abin gaskatawa kuma mai dadi - ba ma'ana "sinadari" ba! – dandana. Ya fi wuya, in ji masana kimiyyar da ke da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar cauldron na mu'ujiza, tare da daidaito - bayan haka, nama shine tsokoki: tsarin injiniya wanda ke da tsari na musamman. Wannan, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, ba shi da sauƙin sakewa daga beets, chickpeas da man sunflower! Amma ya yi nasara. Wataƙila yana cikin daidaito mai ma'ana cewa babban nasara na cutlet Monster shine.
Shekara guda da ta wuce, a cikin Satumba 2015, Farfesa a fannin ilmin halitta a Jami'ar Stanford (California, Amurka) Joseph D. Puglisi (kuma wannan shine 'yan jarida, ciki har da New York Times): "Na tabbata cewa ƴan shekaru masu zuwa suna kawo abin ƙarfafawa. sakamako! Yanzu za mu iya ƙirƙirar nau'ikan sunadaran kayan lambu waɗanda ke ɗanɗano kamar dafaffen naman alade, nama mai kyafaffen, tsiran alade, naman alade… “A yau, farfesa mai kyakkyawan fata ya riga ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar a Beyond Meat, don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan masu aminci na waɗanda sosai “super- cutlets" "Beast" . Af, wannan labarin yana kama da mai motsa jiki na Facebook game da bukatar yin tunani da magana mai kyau a cikin jama'a, "aika buƙatun zuwa sararin samaniya"!
An sanar da aikin Beyond Meat tare da babban fanfare a cikin Afrilu 2013 ta VIPs irin su Bill Gates. A yau, ana siyar da sauran samfuran Beyond Nama a ko'ina cikin Amurka ta Amurka (da). Masu samarwa sun jaddada cewa irin waɗannan cutlets za su ba ku damar ciyar da dukan iyali tare da abinci mai gina jiki, da'a da kuma dadi sosai - kuma ba cutar da yanayin duniyar duniyar ba. Kamfanin da sauran manyan masu kera suna samun wadata a zahiri, kuma shaharar “Mafi-fi-nama” a hankali tana yaduwa a duniya - kuma igiyar ruwa ta kusan isa gare mu. To, me ya faru? Sayi, soya a ci? 100% vegan!..
Ina tsammani, eh. Amma ba komai ba ne mai sauƙi. Da fari dai, "cutlet" mai cin ganyayyaki daga babban masana'anta yana da kusan sau 2 mafi tsada fiye da naman (na gida) nama, wannan ma ba tare da la'akari da jigilar kaya daga Amurka ba (siyan kan layi zai kashe sama da $ 100!). Na biyu kuma, akwai wasu - ko da yake ba mahimmanci ba - abubuwan da ke haifar da cece-kuce da masu shakku game da "vegan cutlet version 2.0". Misali, watakila ba duk masu cin ganyayyaki ba ne za su so kallon yadda “steam” vegan cutlet… zai ƙare tare da ruwan beetroot, ba a bincika launi ba a hankali fiye da fina-finai na mafia na Hollywood! Haka kuma, a cikin kowane patty akwai wasu kayan lambu waɗanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan tunanin zaruruwan tsoka a cikin “nama”, don yin irin wannan “patty” har ma ya fi kama da na gaske - wanda ya bushe ko ya bushe ba da daɗewa ba… Brrr. Shin kun rasa ci? Kodayake cutlet, ba shakka, ba ya jin kamshin nama kwata-kwata (wasu za su ce "na gode!"), Duk da haka yawancin masu cin ganyayyaki na akida suna tambayar kansu wannan tambaya - menene tunanin dafa abinci da cin irin wannan "super cutlet" ke haifar da shi. …. Yana yiwuwa cewa "Beast" shine ainihin lamarin lokacin da, a cikin neman plausibility (da kuma dogon dala!) Masu sana'a sun nemi goyon bayan sababbin fasaha, kuma ... sun tafi kadan fiye da yadda ya kamata. Amma har yanzu, babban cikas ga yawan cin abinci na "cutlets" na da'a har yanzu yana da nisa daga farashin "jama'a".
A bayyane yake cewa farashin kasuwa na wannan patty da sauran manyan kayan maye gurbin naman vegan za su ragu sannu a hankali yayin da ingancin ya ci gaba da inganta. Don haka, watakila - muna jiran "juyin cin ganyayyaki na biyu" - wannan lokacin, juyin juya halin farashin!
Don kada labarin ya zama kamar talla a gare ku, muna tuna cewa akwai, ba shakka, wasu masu fafutuka don taken "super cutlet" na gaye ba tare da nama ba, samfuran vegan:
lambu
TofurkyField
RoastYves
Kayan lambu Kitchen
Trader Joe's
Hasken Rayuwa
Gardenburge
Boca
Abincin Duniya Mai Dadi
Match
Daidaiton Daidaitawa
ta Nate
Neat's (kada a ruɗe da na baya!)
Hasken Rayuwa
MorningStar Farms, da kuma sanannun sanannun sanannun.