Contents
Irin tafarnuwa na bazara suna da daraja don gaskiyar cewa, idan an dasa shi a cikin bazara, a ƙarshen lokacin rani, shugabannin sun cika cikakke kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna ƙarƙashin ajiya na dogon lokaci. Don noma, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar nau'in nau'in haɓaka mai girma da kuma jure cututtuka. An bambanta Tafarnuwa Gulliver da manyan kwararan fitila masu manyan hakora da rigakafi ga cututtuka da kwari.
Gulliver iri-iri na tafarnuwa ba ya buƙatar yanayin yanayi da tsarin ƙasa
Tarihin kiwo
An haifi nau'in tafarnuwa na Gulliver a cikin ƙasarmu, amma, bisa ga dukkan alamu, dandano da sauran halayen mabukaci na samfurin sun cika ka'idodin duniya. Wanda ya kirkiro al'adar ita ce Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Tarayya don Shuka kayan lambu, dake cikin yankin Moscow. Gidan lambun ya dace da yanayin yanayi, kama daga ƙananan wurare zuwa yankunan arewa na yankin mai zafi.
Bayanin nau'in tafarnuwa Gulliver
Tafarnuwa Gulliver yana cikin nau'in bazara, nau'in kibiya. Babban amfanin gona na kayan lambu yana da gashin fuka-fukan 8-12 na cikakken launi kore, tsayin 50-60 cm. Wani inganci na musamman shine rufin kakin zuma mai yawa akan gashinsa. Ƙwayoyin da aka zagaye suna da girma, an haɗa su, suna yin la'akari daga 90 zuwa 300 g, tare da hakora na fari ko launin toka-lilac.
Ladabi
Irin Gulliver yana da kaifi na al'ada, dandano mai ƙarfi. Farin ɓangaren litattafan almara na cloves yana da yawa, m. Kwan fitila yana fitar da ƙamshin tafarnuwa da aka bayyana.
Ripening da yawan amfanin ƙasa
Tafarnuwa Gulliver na cikin nau'in nau'in matsakaici-marigayi iri. Lokacin ciyayi na shuka shine kwanaki 87-98. Yawan amfanin gona ya kai kilogiram 1 na kwararan fitila da 1 m2. Ana adana samfurin da aka tattara har zuwa watanni takwas.
Juriya na cututtuka
Masu lambu suna lura da juriya na musamman na nau'in Gulliver ga cututtuka, dangane da ka'idodin fasahar noma.
Ruwan ruwa mai yawa da damshin yanayi na iya haifar da haɓakar cututtukan fungal:
- farin rot;
- baki m;
- powdery mildew.
Babban matakin rigakafin shine hana cunkoson shuka. A watan Yuni, ana ba da shawarar fitar da gadaje na bakin ciki idan shugabannin sun yi girma sosai. A farkon Yuli, yana da kyau a yi takin tare da ammonium sulfate. Ana amfani da kwayoyi masu zuwa azaman fungicides:
- Phytosporin;
- Bitoxibacillin;
- Gamair-T.
Shuka amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin mummunan yanayi na iya fuskantar mamayewar kwari. Babban kwari na shuka sune:
- nematode mai tushe;
- albasa gardama;
- tushen mite;
- thrips.
Mafi sau da yawa, ƙananan harbe suna shan wahala daga tushe nematodes. Don kare kariya daga kwaro da ke lalata shuka ba tare da jin ƙai ba, ana dasa calendula ko chicory kusa da gadon lambun.
Yankuna masu girma
Tafarnuwa Gulliver yana da babban matakin juriya. Ana amfani da iri-iri don dasa shuki a yawancin yankuna da ƙasashe makwabta. Irin nau'in yana girma daidai da kyau kuma yana samar da girbi mai kyau a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu da kuma gonaki masu yawa.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Manya-manyan kawunan da ke da manyan ƙwanƙwasa su ne ingancin kayan lambu, wanda ake la'akari da shi mafi mahimmanci a tsakanin manoma da masu amfani.
Mafarin sun lura cewa an bambanta nau'in tafarnuwa na Gulliver da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kwanciyar hankali.
ribobi:
- barga rigakafi ga cututtuka;
- kyawawan halayen samfur;
- kyau kiyaye ingancin;
- juriya sanyi.
fursunoni:
- Ana buƙatar kiyaye ƙa'idodin fasahar noma a cikin noma da kulawa.
Dokokin sauka
Tsarin da ya dace da dasa shuki akan lokaci shine buƙatu don samun girbi da wuri. Tafarnuwa Gulliver ana bada shawarar dasa shi a farkon bazara. A tsakiyar ƙasarmu, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a farkon Afrilu, a cikin yankunan kudancin za a iya dasa tafarnuwa a farkon Maris, a yankunan arewa - a farkon watan Mayu.
Wani muhimmin al'amari shine ƙaddarar wurin noma. Zai fi dacewa don zaɓar wuri mai haske tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Ƙasar ƙasa mai laushi ko humus sun dace da shuka kayan lambu. Yana da kyau a gudanar da shiri na farko na ƙasar (loosening da takin) a cikin fall. Sa'an nan kuma a cikin bazara kasar za ta kasance mai laushi kuma mai gina jiki.
Rukunin ma'adinai, abubuwan halitta yakamata a yi amfani da su azaman babban sutura. Mafi kyawun abun da ke ciki na taki don tafarnuwa:
- humus - 5 kg;
- superphosphate - 20 g.
- potassium chloride - 15 g.
Tare da pH da aka canza zuwa gefen "acid", dole ne a bi da ƙasa tare da gari dolomite, foda alli ko lemun tsami. A ƙarshen shirye-shiryen ƙasa, ana shuka tafarnuwa.
Algorithm na aiki shine kamar haka:
- Ana rarraba manyan cloves daga ƙananan ƙananan, saboda sun bambanta da girman girma.
- Jiƙa cloves tafarnuwa a cikin potassium permanganate ko maganin wani abu mai hana ruwa.
- An dasa shi a nesa na 8 cm daga juna, 25 cm - tsakanin gadaje. Zurfin shigar da shawarar shine 5-8 cm.
A ƙarshen aikin dasa shuki, gado ya kamata a mulched da peat ko agrofibre. Tsarin kariya yana taimakawa riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma yana rage yawan ciyawa.
Dumama ƙasa zuwa zafin jiki na +5 0C shine yanayin da ya dace don dasa shuki iri-iri na Gulliver
Umarnin kulawa
Kulawar da aka tsara daidai yana ba da tabbacin girbi mai kyau. A duk lokacin girma, yana da mahimmanci a aiwatar da hanyoyin aikin gona kamar haka:
- Ƙungiyar yawan ruwa a lokacin girma mai girma na greenery. Tare da zuwan takarda na shida, an rage yawan matakan matakai.
- Loosening ƙasa washegari bayan watering.
- Ciyarwa bayan bayyanar gashin tsuntsu.
- Maganin rigakafi tare da fungicides.
Yuli shine lokacin girbi. Ana jerawa Gulliver tafarnuwar da aka girbe, a bushe sannan a jera su gwargwadon girman kawunansu. Busasshiyar wuri mai sanyi ya dace don adana kwararan fitila.
An gabatar da fasali na iri-iri, girma da yanayin ajiya a:
Kammalawa
Tafarnuwa Gulliver yana da halaye masu kyau. Dangane da halayen mabukaci, samfurin yana kama da mafi kyawun nau'ikan zaɓi na Yaren mutanen Holland. Yarda da ka'idodin fasahar aikin gona yana ba ku damar samun girbi mai kyau na kayan lambu lokacin da aka girma a cikin yankuna daban-daban na yanayi.