La legionellosis, ko cutar Legionnaires, cuta ce mai kamuwa da cuta daga asalin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ya kasance da wuya amma galibi yana faruwa ta hanyarannoba.

A matsakaici, a cikin ƙasashen Yammacin Turai, ana ɗaukar cutar ta bambanta daga 1 zuwa 30 a cikin mutane miliyan kowace shekara. Don haka, a cikin Faransanci, a cikin 2012, an sanar da kasa da lamuran 1500 na legionellosis (sanarwar su ta zama tilas).

Ana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar shakar iska mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta na Legionella (kusan sanannun nau'in hamsin) kuma yana fitowa dagagurbata ruwa, musamman a cikin al'ummomi (masu shayar da ruwa, tankokin ruwan zafi, hasumiya masu sanyaya, spas, da sauransu). Ba cuta ce mai yaduwa ba.

Cutar na iya bayyana kanta ta hanyoyi biyu:

• mura-like syndrome, wanda yawanci ba a lura da shi (wannan ake kira zazzabin Pontiac)
• yiwuwar ciwon huhu mai tsanani, musamman idan yana shafar mutanen da ke da rauni na garkuwar jiki, gami da mutanen da ke asibiti.

Gwajin dakin gwaje -gwaje ya zama dole don tabbatar da ganewar legionellosis, idan akwai alamun cutar huhu.

Ana iya amfani da gwaje -gwaje da yawa, gami da:

• al'adun kwayan cuta
• la gwajin antigine mai narkewa
• nazarin serological (ganewar asali)
• nazarin immunofluorescence kai tsaye akan samfuran numfashi
• binciken kwayoyin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta (ta PCR)

Waɗannan gwaje -gwajen kowannensu yana da takamaiman nasa da fa'idarsa.

Al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta (daga samfurin numfashi) ya kasance hanyar tunani, tunda yana ba da damar gano ainihin nau'in legionella da ke da alaƙa.

Koyaya, gwajin antigen mai narkewa ana amfani dashi sosai saboda yana da sauri fiye da noma kuma yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa. Koyaya, wannan gwajin zai iya tantance nau'in Legionella ɗaya kawai, L. pneumophila serogroup 1, alhakin 90% na legionellosis.

Ana yin gwajin akan samfurin fitsari kuma yana kunshe da gano “burbushi” (antigens) na kwayar cuta. Waɗannan alamun suna cikin fitsarin mafi yawan marasa lafiya 2 zuwa 3 kwanaki bayan farkon alamun farko. Jarabawar tana da mahimmanci (80% akan fitsarin da aka tattara) kuma takamaiman (99%).

Ana aiwatar da shi cikin tsari idan alamun alamun numfashi ke faruwa a cikin majiyyaci a asibiti, saboda legionellosis cuta ce mai tsoron nosocomial.

Ana iya dawo da sakamakon sa cikin mintina 15 (godiya ga kayan aikin bincike na kasuwanci).

Idan gwajin tabbatacce ne, za a tabbatar da ganewar Legionellosis. Duk da haka al'adu za su kasance masu mahimmanci don binciken cutar.

Likitan ya zama tilas ya kai rahoton lamarin ga hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Gano tushen gurɓatawa yana da mahimmanci don takaita yaduwar cutar. Hakanan ana iya gano wasu lokuta masu yuwuwar da wuri.

Dangane da mai haƙuri, za a yi maganin maganin rigakafi da sauri, gabaɗaya dangane da maganin rigakafi daga dangin macrolide.