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Yin amfani da nozzles na musamman (bits) a cikin aikin taro ya kasance a lokaci ɗaya saboda saurin gazawar tukwici na screwdrivers na al'ada yayin amfani da su na ƙwararru. Dangane da wannan, raguwa masu maye gurbin, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a farkon rabin karni na 20, sun zama mafi riba da dacewa.
A lokacin da tightening da yawa daruruwan kai tapping sukurori tare da sukudireba tare da tip, sun fara canza ba sukudireba, amma kawai ta bututun ƙarfe, wanda ya fi rahusa. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin aiki tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan maɗaukaki a lokaci ɗaya, ba a buƙatar kayan aiki daban-daban da yawa. Maimakon haka, a cikin screwdriver guda ɗaya, ya isa ya canza bututun, wanda ya ɗauki 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan kawai.
Duk da haka, babban abin da ya sa aka yi amfani da raƙuman raƙuman ruwa shine ƙirƙira na kawuna masu tsauri. Mafi na kowa daga cikinsu sune cruciform - PH da PZ. Tare da yin nazari a hankali game da ƙirar su, ana iya tabbatar da cewa tip na bututun ƙarfe, wanda aka danna a cikin tsakiyar screw head, ba ya fuskantar manyan rundunonin gefe waɗanda ke jefa shi daga kai.
Dangane da tsarin tsarin kai-tsaye, ana gina wasu nau'ikan kawuna masu ɗaure da ake amfani da su a yau. Suna ba ka damar karkatar da abubuwa ba kawai a ƙananan gudu ba, amma har ma a cikin sauri mai mahimmanci tare da babban nauyin axial.
Keɓance kawai shine nau'in S-nau'i madaidaiciya. An tsara su a tarihi don sukullun hannu na farko. Daidaita bit a cikin ramummuka baya faruwa, saboda haka, tare da haɓaka saurin juyawa ko raguwar matsa lamba axial, bututun ƙarfe yana zamewa daga kan hawan hawa.
Wannan yana cike da lalacewa ga farfajiyar gaban abin da za a gyara. Sabili da haka, a cikin taron injiniyoyi na samfurori masu mahimmanci, ba a amfani da haɗin kai tare da abubuwa tare da madaidaicin ramin.
Amfani da shi yana iyakance ga ƙananan maɗaurai masu mahimmanci tare da ƙananan saurin juyawa. Lokacin haɗa samfuran tare da kayan aikin injiniya, kawai nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan ɗamara ana amfani da su waɗanda aka tabbatar da ingantaccen madaidaicin bututun ƙarfe zuwa mai ɗaukar hoto.
Rarraba Bit
Ana iya rarraba raƙuman raƙuman ruwa bisa ga sharuɗɗa da yawa:
- nau'in tsarin ɗaure;
- girman kai;
- bit sanda tsawon;
- kayan sanda;
- karfe shafi;
- zane (daya, biyu);
- yiwuwar lankwasawa (na al'ada da torsion).
Mafi mahimmanci shine rarraba rago cikin nau'ikan tsarin ɗaure. Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, mafi yawan za a tattauna a cikin 'yan sakin layi.
Kusan kowane tsarin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) daban-daban, wanda ya bambanta da girman kai na kayan aiki da kuma ramin fastener wanda ya dace da shi. An tsara su ta lambobi. Mafi ƙanƙanta suna farawa daga 0 ko 1. Shawarwari don nau'in suna nuna diamita na zaren na fasteners wanda aka yi nufin bit a ƙarƙashin takamaiman lamba. Saboda haka, PH2 bit za a iya amfani da fasteners tare da threaded diamita na 3,1 zuwa 5,0 mm, PH1 da ake amfani da kai tapping sukurori tare da diamita na 2,1-3,0, da dai sauransu.
Don sauƙin amfani, ana samun rago tare da tsayin tsayi daban-daban - daga 25 mm zuwa 150 mm. Tsayin dogon bita ya kai ramummuka a wuraren da mafi girman mariƙinsa ba zai iya shiga ba.
Kayan aiki da sutura
Kayan da aka yi da shi daga abin da aka yi bit ɗin shine garanti na dorewa ko kuma, akasin haka, laushi na tsarin, wanda, lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, ba shine abin da ke karya ba, amma bit. A cikin wasu mahaɗai masu mahimmanci, irin wannan rabon ƙarfi kawai ake buƙata.
Koyaya, a cikin mafi yawan aikace-aikacen, mai amfani yana sha'awar iyakar yuwuwar adadin murɗaɗɗen fastener tare da bit guda. Don samun raƙuman raƙuman ƙarfi waɗanda ba sa karyewa saboda ƙyalli na gami, kada ku lalata a mafi yawan abubuwan taɓawa da aka ɗora, ana amfani da allurai da ƙarfe daban-daban. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- high-gudun carbon karfe daga R7 zuwa R12;
- kayan aiki karfe S2;
- chrome vanadium gami;
- tungsten tare da molybdenum;
- gami da chromium tare da molybdenum da sauransu.
Muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da kaddarorin ƙarfi na raƙuman ruwa suna taka rawa ta hanyar sutura na musamman. Don haka, Layer na chromium-vanadium alloy yana kare kayan aiki daga lalata, kuma jigon Layer na titanium nitride yana ƙaruwa sosai da taurinsa da juriya. Lu'u-lu'u (tungsten-lu'u-lu'u-carbon), tungsten-nickel da sauransu suna da irin wannan kaddarorin.
Layer titanium nitride akan bit ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi ta launin zinarensa, lu'u-lu'u ɗaya ta hanyar siffar ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa. Yana da wahala a gano nau'in ƙarfe ko gami na raƙuman ruwa, masana'anta yawanci ba ya ba ko ma ɓoye wannan bayanin don buƙatun kasuwanci. A wasu lokuta kawai, ana iya amfani da darajar karfe (S2, alal misali) zuwa ɗayan fuskoki.
Zaɓuɓɓukan zane
Ta hanyar ƙira, bit ɗin zai iya zama ɗaya (hargo a gefe ɗaya, shank hexagonal a ɗayan) ko sau biyu (biyu a ƙarshen). Nau'in na ƙarshe yana da rayuwar sabis sau biyu (dukansu iri ɗaya ne) ko sauƙin amfani (tsira ya bambanta da girman ko nau'in). Rashin lahani guda ɗaya na irin wannan nau'in bit shine rashin yiwuwar shigar da shi a cikin na'urar sukudireba.
Ana iya samar da ragowa a cikin sigar yau da kullun da torsion. A cikin zane na ƙarshe, tip kanta da shank an haɗa su ta hanyar shigar da ruwa mai ƙarfi. Yana, yana aiki akan karkatarwa, yana watsa juzu'i kuma yana ba ku damar lanƙwasa bit, wanda ke ƙara yuwuwar samun damar zuwa wuraren da ba su dace ba. Ruwan bazara kuma yana ɗaukar wasu ƙarfin tasirin tasiri, yana hana bit daga karya splines.
Ana amfani da ɓangarorin torsion tare da direbobi masu tasiri inda ake amfani da ƙarfin tasiri a cikin da'irar screwing. Irin wannan nau'in sun fi tsada fiye da na al'ada, suna dadewa, suna ba ku damar karkatar da dogayen manne a cikin kayan da yawa waɗanda raƙuman ruwa na al'ada ba za su iya jurewa ba.
Don sauƙin amfani, ana samar da ragowa a tsayi daban-daban. Kowannen da ke biye da babban ma'auni (25 mm) yana da tsayi 20-30 mm fiye da na baya - da sauransu har zuwa 150 mm.
Mafi mahimmancin halayen bit shine tsawon lokacin aiki. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana shi a cikin adadin maɗauran ɗamara kafin kayan aiki ya gaza. Lalacewar tari yana bayyana kansa a hankali a hankali "lasa" na haƙarƙari a cikin aiwatar da bit ɗin ya fita daga cikin ramin. Dangane da haka, mafi yawan juriya su ne waɗanda ba a yi musu yunƙurin fitar da su daga ramin ba.
Daga cikin mafi yawan amfani, sun haɗa da tsarin H, Torx da gyare-gyaren su. Dangane da ma'amala mai ƙarfi tsakanin raƙuman ruwa da masu ɗaure, akwai wasu tsare-tsare da yawa, gami da masu hana ɓarna, amma rarraba su yana iyakance ne saboda wasu dalilai na fasaha.
Babban nau'ikan rago da aka yi amfani da su
Adadin nau'ikan rago, gami da waɗanda suka daina aiki saboda ƙarancin dacewa da fasaha, an ƙiyasta su dozin da yawa. A yau, nau'ikan nau'ikan screwdriver masu zuwa suna da mafi girman iyakokin aikace-aikace a cikin fasahar fastener:
- PH (Phillips) - cruciform;
- PZ (Pozidriv) - cruciform;
- Hex (wanda aka nuna ta harafin H) - hexagonal;
- Torx (wanda haruffan T ko TX suka nuna) - a cikin sigar tauraro mai nuni shida.
PH nozzles
PH Phillips Blade, wanda aka gabatar bayan 1937, shine kayan aiki na farko da ya dace da kai don tuki mai zaren zare. Bambanci mai mahimmanci daga lebur mai lebur shine cewa giciye PH bai zamewa daga cikin ramin ba har ma da saurin jujjuya kayan aiki. Gaskiya ne, wannan yana buƙatar wasu ƙarfin axial (danna bit a kan fastener), amma sauƙin amfani ya karu sosai idan aka kwatanta da ramukan lebur.
Hakanan ana buƙatar yin ɗamara a cikin sukulan da ba su da ramuka, amma lokacin da ake ƙarfafa PH bit, ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da hankali da ƙoƙarin iyakance yiwuwar tip ɗin ya fita daga cikin ramin. Gudun jujjuyawa (samfurin) ya ƙaru sosai ko da lokacin aiki tare da sukudireba na hannu. Yin amfani da injin ratchet, sa'an nan kuma na'urar huhu da na'urar lantarki, gabaɗaya ya rage ƙarfin aiki na ayyukan taro sau da yawa, wanda ya ba da babban tanadin farashi a kowane nau'in samarwa.
Tushen PH yana da ruwan wukake guda huɗu, yana yin kauri zuwa ƙarshen bit. Suna kuma kama sassan mating na fastener kuma suna matsawa. An sanya wa tsarin sunan injiniyan da ya aiwatar da shi a fasahar fastener (Phillips).
PH ragowa suna samuwa a cikin girma biyar - PH 0, 1, 2, 3 da 4. Tsawon shaft - daga 25 (na asali) zuwa 150 mm.
Farashin PZ
Kimanin shekaru 30 bayan haka (a cikin 1966) an ƙirƙira tsarin ɗaukar nauyi na PZ (Pozidriv). Kamfanin Philips Screw ne ya haɓaka shi. Siffar maƙarƙashiyar PZ ita ce cruciform, kamar ta PH, duk da haka, duka nau'ikan biyu suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci wanda ba sa ƙyale jemage na tsarin ɗaya ya ƙarfafa maɗaurin wani. Matsakaicin ƙaddamar ƙarshen bit ɗin ya bambanta - a cikin PZ ya fi kaifi (50 º da 55 º). Wuraren PZ ba sa taper kamar na PH, amma suna daidai da kauri cikin tsayin su duka. Wannan fasalin ƙirar ne ya rage ƙarfin tura tip daga cikin ramin a babban lodi (maɗaukakin saurin jujjuyawa ko juriya mai mahimmanci). Canje-canje a cikin zane na bit ya inganta hulɗarsa tare da shugaban mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda ya kara yawan rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki.
Bututun bututun PZ ya bambanta da PH a bayyanar - ramuka a bangarorin biyu na kowane ruwa, suna samar da abubuwa masu nuni waɗanda ba su nan akan bit PH. Bi da bi, don bambanta daga PH, masana'antun suna amfani da ƙima mai ƙima akan abubuwan haɗin PZ, wanda aka canza ta 45º daga masu ƙarfi. Wannan yana bawa mai amfani damar kewayawa da sauri lokacin zabar kayan aiki.
PZ ragowa suna samuwa a cikin nau'i uku PZ 1, 2 da 3. Tsawon shaft yana daga 25 zuwa 150 mm.
An bayyana mafi girman shaharar tsarin PH da PZ ta hanyar kyakkyawar damar kayan aiki ta atomatik a cikin ayyukan haɗin kan layi da ƙarancin ƙarancin kayan aiki da masu ɗaure. A wasu tsare-tsare, waɗannan fa'idodin suna da ƙarancin ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi, don haka ba a karɓe su sosai ba.
Nozzles Hex
Siffar tip, wanda harafin H ke nunawa a cikin alamar, prism ne mai hexagonal. An ƙirƙira tsarin a cikin 1910, kuma yana jin daɗin nasara mara kyau a yau. Saboda haka, masu tabbatar da sukurori da aka yi amfani da su a cikin masana'antar kayan aiki suna karkatar da su tare da rago H 4 mm. Wannan kayan aiki yana da ikon watsa gagarumin juzu'i. Saboda m dangane da fastener Ramin, yana da dogon sabis rayuwa. Babu wani ƙoƙari don tura ɗan daga cikin ramin. Nozzles H suna samuwa a cikin masu girma dabam daga 1,5 mm zuwa 10 mm.
Torx bits
Ana amfani da Torx bits a cikin fasaha tun 1967. Kamfanin Amurka Textron ne ya fara ƙware su. Hargitsi wani prism ne mai tushe a cikin siffar tauraro mai nuni shida. Tsarin yana da alaƙa da kusanci na kayan aiki tare da masu ɗaure, ikon watsa babban juzu'i. An rarraba shi sosai a cikin ƙasashen Amurka da Turai, dangane da shahararsa, ƙarar amfani yana kusa da tsarin PH da PZ. Zamantakewar tsarin Torx shine "alama" mai siffar guda ɗaya, wanda aka ƙara shi da rami a cikin tsakiyar axial. Fasteners don shi yana da madaidaicin fitowar silinda. Baya ga maƙarƙashiyar tuntuɓar tsakanin bit da screw head, wannan ƙirar kuma tana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ɓarna, ban da cire haɗin haɗin ba tare da izini ba.
Sauran nau'ikan nozzles
Baya ga shahararrun tsarin bututun ƙarfe da aka kwatanta, akwai ƙarancin sanannun kuma waɗanda ba a saba amfani da su ba don screwdriver. Bits sun fada cikin rarrabuwar su:
- karkashin madaidaiciyar nau'in nau'in S (slotted - slotted);
- nau'in hexagon Hex tare da rami a tsakiya;
- nau'in murabba'in murabba'in Robertson;
- nau'in cokali mai yatsa SP ("cokali mai yatsa", "idon maciji");
- nau'in ruwa mai nau'in Tri-Wing;
- nau'in Torg Set mai guda huɗu;
- da sauransu.
Kamfanoni suna haɓaka tsarin su na musamman don hana waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba shiga ɗakunan kayan aiki da kuma kariya daga ɓarna masu satar abun ciki.
Bit shawarwari
Kyakkyawan jemage na iya yin ayyuka da yawa na ƙara matsawa fiye da sauƙaƙan takwaransa. Don zaɓar kayan aikin da ake so, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar kamfanin kasuwanci wanda ma'aikatan da kuka amince da su kuma ku sami shawarwarin da suka dace. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, zaɓi rago daga sanannun masana'antun - Bosch, Makita, DeWALT, Milwaukee.
Kula da kasancewar rufin tauri na titanium nitride, kuma, idan ya yiwu, ga kayan samfurin. Hanya mafi kyau don zaɓar ita ce gwada guda ɗaya ko biyu na kayan aiki a cikin kasuwancin ku. Don haka ba kawai ka kafa ingancin samfurin da kanka ba, har ma za ka iya ba da shawarwari ga abokanka. Wataƙila za ku tsaya a wani zaɓi mara tsada wanda ke da fa'idodin tattalin arziki ko fasaha a kan asalin manyan kamfanoni.