Fassara rubutu zuwa sabon layi a Python. Yadda ake matsar da rubutu zuwa sabon layi - umarni

A Python, don alamar ƙarshen layi ɗaya kuma fara sabon, kuna buƙatar amfani da hali na musamman. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a san yadda ake amfani da shi daidai lokacin aiki tare da fayilolin Python daban-daban, kuma a nuna shi a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo a lokacin da ake buƙata. Wajibi ne a fahimci dalla-dalla yadda ake amfani da ƙayyadaddun sabbin layi yayin aiki tare da lambar shirin, ko yana yiwuwa a ƙara rubutu ba tare da amfani da shi ba.

Gabaɗaya bayanai game da sabon layi

n shine alamar nade bayanai akan sabon layi da kuma rufe tsohon layi a Python. Wannan alamar ta ƙunshi abubuwa biyu:

• juye juzu'i;
• n karamin haruffa ne.

Don amfani da wannan halin, zaku iya amfani da kalmar "bugu (f" HellonWorld! "), Saboda haka zaku iya canja wurin bayanai a cikin f-line.

Menene aikin bugawa

Ba tare da ƙarin saituna ba, ana ƙara halin canja wurin bayanai zuwa layi na gaba a cikin yanayin ɓoye. Saboda haka, ba za a iya ganin shi tsakanin layin ba tare da kunna wani aiki ba. Misali na nuna gunkin rabuwa a cikin lambar shirin:

Print ("Hello, Duniya") - "Hello, Duniya!"n

Hakanan, irin wannan binciken na wannan hali an rubuta shi a cikin ainihin halayen Python. Aikin “bugu” yana da tsohuwar ƙima don sigar “ƙarshen” – n. Godiya ga wannan aikin an saita wannan hali a ƙarshen layi don canja wurin bayanai zuwa layi na gaba. Bayanin aikin "bugu":

buga (* abubuwa, sep =' ', ƙare =' n', fayil = sys.stdout, flush = Ƙarya)

Darajar sigar “ƙarshen” daga aikin “bugu” daidai yake da harafin “n”. Dangane da algorithm atomatik na lambar shirin, yana kammala layin a ƙarshen, kafin a rubuta aikin "buga". Lokacin amfani da aikin “bugu” guda ɗaya, ƙila ba za ku lura da ainihin aikinsa ba, tunda layi ɗaya kawai za a nuna akan allon. Koyaya, idan kun ƙara wasu ƴan maganganu kamar haka, sakamakon aikin zai ƙara fitowa fili:

buga ("Hello, Duniya 1!") buga ("Hello, Duniya 2!") buga ("Hello, Duniya 3!") buga ("Hello, Duniya 4!")

Misalin sakamakon lambar da ke sama:

Sannu, Duniya 1! Sannu, Duniya 2! Sannu, Duniya 3! Sannu, Duniya 4!

Maye gurbin sabon layi tare da bugawa

Yin amfani da aikin "bugu", yana yiwuwa kada a yi amfani da halin rabuwa tsakanin layi. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar canza ma'aunin "ƙarshen" a cikin aikin kanta. A wannan yanayin, maimakon ƙimar "ƙarshen", kuna buƙatar ƙara sarari. Saboda wannan, sararin samaniya ne zai maye gurbin halin "ƙarshen". Sakamako tare da saita saitunan tsoho:

>>> buga ("Hello") >>> buga ("Duniya") Sannu Duniya

Nuna sakamakon bayan maye gurbin harafin "n" tare da sarari:

>>> buga ("Sannu", karshen = " ") >>> buga ("Duniya") Sannu Duniya

Misali na amfani da wannan hanyar maye gurbin haruffa don nuna jerin ƙima a layi ɗaya:

don i a cikin kewayon (15): idan i <14: bugu (i, ƙarshen = "), ") sauran: buga (i)

Yin amfani da harafin raba a cikin fayiloli

Alamar bayan haka an canza rubutun lambar shirin zuwa layi na gaba a cikin fayilolin da aka gama. Duk da haka, ba tare da duba daftarin aiki kanta ta hanyar lambar shirin ba, ba shi yiwuwa a gan shi, tun da irin waɗannan haruffa suna ɓoye ta tsohuwa. Domin amfani da sabon layin, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar fayil mai cike da sunaye. Bayan buɗe shi, zaku ga cewa duk sunaye zasu fara akan sabon layi. Misali:

sunayen = ['Petr', 'Dima', 'Artem', 'Ivan'] tare da bude ("names.txt", "w") kamar yadda f: don suna cikin sunaye[:-1]: f.write (f. "{name}n") f.rubutu (sunaye[-1])

Za a nuna sunaye ta wannan hanya kawai idan an saita fayil ɗin rubutu don raba bayanai zuwa layi daban-daban. Wannan zai saita kalmar sirri ta atomatik "n" a ƙarshen kowane layi na baya. Don ganin alamar ɓoye, kuna buƙatar kunna aikin - ".readlines()". Bayan haka, duk ɓoyayyun haruffa za a nuna su akan allon a cikin lambar shirin. Misalin kunna aiki:

tare da buɗe ("names.txt", "r") kamar yadda f: bugu (f.readlines())

Shawara! Yin aiki tare da Python ƙwazo, masu amfani sukan haɗu da yanayi inda dole ne a rubuta lambar shirin a cikin dogon layi ɗaya, amma yana da matukar wahala a sake duba shi da gano kuskure ba tare da rabuwa ba. Don haka bayan rarraba dogon layi zuwa guntu daban-daban, kwamfutar ta yi la'akari da shi gabaɗaya, a cikin kowane rata mai kyauta tsakanin ƙimar, dole ne a saka halin "" - koma baya. Bayan ƙara haruffa, zaku iya matsawa zuwa wani layi, ci gaba da rubuta lambar. Yayin ƙaddamarwa, shirin da kansa zai haɗa ɓangarorin guda ɗaya zuwa layi ɗaya.

Rarraba kirtani zuwa ƙananan igiyoyi

Don raba dogon kirtani ɗaya zuwa ƙananan igiyoyi da yawa, zaku iya amfani da hanyar tsaga. Idan ba a sake yin gyare-gyare ba, tsoho mai iyaka sarari ne. Bayan aiwatar da wannan hanyar, zaɓaɓɓen rubutun yana rarraba zuwa keɓaɓɓun kalmomi ta ƙananan igiyoyi, an canza su zuwa jerin kirtani. Misali:

kirtani = "wasu sabon rubutu" kirtani = string.split() bugu ( kirtani) ['wasu', 'sabo', 'rubutu']

Don aiwatar da jujjuyawar juzu'i, tare da taimakon abin da jerin ƙananan igiyoyi za su juya zuwa kirtani mai tsayi ɗaya, dole ne ku yi amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Wata hanya mai amfani don aiki tare da kirtani shine tsiri. Tare da shi, zaku iya cire wuraren da ke cikin bangarorin biyu na layin.

Kammalawa

Don fitar da wasu bayanai daga sabon layi lokacin aiki a Python, dole ne a ƙare tsohon layi tare da harafin "n". Tare da taimakonsa, bayanan bayan an canza alamar zuwa layi na gaba, kuma an rufe tsohuwar. Koyaya, ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da wannan alamar don canja wurin bayanai. Don yin wannan, za ka iya amfani da parameter end = ""Kimanin "hali" shine halin rabuwa.