Wannan Berry

Shin kun taɓa ganin yews a cikin daji? Tabbas, kurmin yew-boxwood a Sochi zai zo cikin zuciyar ku. A can, hakika, berries suna girma, kuma tsofaffi - wasu bishiyoyi, bisa ga masana kimiyya, sun kasance akalla shekaru 2. Kuna tuna wasu wurare? Da kyar. Kuma duk saboda a ƙasarmu suna da wuya sosai. Suna wanzu ne kawai a cikin Caucasian Reserve (000), Arewacin Ossetian Reserve (1), Crimea (2) da yankin Kaliningrad (3).

Amma sau ɗaya a lokaci guda yau yau (Taxus baccata) ya girma a cikin Turai kuma ya mamaye manyan yankuna. Amma mutane sun shafe shi - suna matukar son itacen relic. A zahiri ba ya lalacewa, kuma baya ga haka, yana da kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta - abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi waɗanda wannan shuka ke fitarwa suna kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a cikin iska. Sun ce idan akwai kayan ado na yew a cikin gidan, ba wanda zai taɓa yin rashin lafiya a wurin. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a zahiri babu yew a cikin daji.

Amma ana iya girma a gonar! Ee, yew yana da halaye na kansa, amma gabaɗaya ba shi da fa'ida.

Strawberry yew iri-iri

A cikin yanayi, yew Berry yawanci yakan kai tsayin 10 - 20 m, amma a cikin kurmin yew-boxwood akwai samfurori masu tsayi 30 m. Amma a cikin lambuna, yawanci bai wuce mita 3 ba.

Akwai nau'ikan yew da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta da siffar kambi da launi na allura.

Goldener Zwerg (Goldener Zwerg). Ƙananan nau'in nau'in nau'i na columnar, a cikin shekaru 10 bai wuce 1 m ba. Girman shekara shine 3-4 cm. Allura suna da duhu kore, matasa harbe ne zinariya kore, wanda ya ba da shuka wani sabon abu look. An yi la'akari da gaba daya sanyi-resistant.

Dauda (Dauda). Wannan yew yana da siffar ginshiƙi da launi mai ban mamaki na allura - yana da kore tare da iyakar rawaya a kusa da gefen. Yana girma a hankali, 3-4 cm a kowace shekara. Tsawon tsire-tsire na manya bai wuce 2 m ba, kambin kambi shine 70 cm. haske, ya zama haske kore. Frost-resistant iri-iri, amma a farkon shekarun yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu.

Repandens (Repandens). Dwarf iri-iri tare da lebur, siffar daji. Matsakaicin tsawo shine 80 cm, kuma diamita na iya zama har zuwa 3-4 m. Girman shekara shine 8 cm. Alluran duhu kore ne. Juriya na sanyi, bisa ga wasu tushe, har zuwa -30 ° C, a farkon shekarun yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu. Yana jure fari da kyau.

Summergold (Summergold). Dwarf form tare da bude kambi. Matsakaicin tsayin daji shine 1 m, diamita shine 2-3 m. Girman shekara shine 15 cm. Allurar suna da haske kore, amma matasa harbe an fentin haske rawaya, wanda ya ba da shuka na musamman chic. Amma juriya na sanyi yana da ƙasa sosai - har zuwa -18 ° C.

Fastigiata (Fastigiata). Daban-daban tare da a tsaye, siffar ovoid. Tsawon tsire-tsire na manya har zuwa 7 m, diamita har zuwa 2 m. Girman shekara shine 12 cm. Allurar suna da duhu sosai, baƙar fata-koren launi. Juriya na sanyi yana da ƙasa (har zuwa -23 ° C), lokacin sanyi sosai a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.

Fastigiata Robusta (Fastigiata Robusta). A cikin nau'i na siriri mai tsayi har zuwa 8 m tsayi kuma har zuwa 1,5 m a diamita. Harbin suna da yawa sosai. Girman shekara-shekara - 15 cm. Allurar suna da haske kore. Yana girma da kyau duka a rana da a cikin inuwa, amma a cikin haske mai kyau allura sun fi cika launi. Juriya na sanyi yana da ƙasa (har zuwa -28 ° C).

Elegantissima (Elegantissima). Wannan nau'in yana da siffa mai yawo kuma yana da ɗan tunowar fure. Allurar suna bambance-bambancen, rawaya-kore. Girman shekara-shekara - 10-15 cm. Tsawon daji na manya - 3 - 5 m. An yi la'akari da gaba daya sanyi-resistant.

Yew Berry kula

Bukatun kula da Yew kadan ne. Zai iya girma gabaɗaya ba tare da wata dabara ba, babban abu shine zaɓi wurin da ya dace da shi.

Ground

Kowane ƙasa ya dace da yew. Ya fi girma a kan loams masu laushi - a can yana da girma, launi ya fi haske, amma yana da sanyi fiye da kwanciyar hankali a kan ciyayi mai yashi.

lighting

Yews na iya girma duka a cikin rana da inuwa mai yawa. Ga nau'ikan tsire-tsire, babu bambanci kwata-kwata, amma ga tsire-tsire iri-iri, launi na allura ya dogara da hasken wuta - a ƙarƙashin hasken haske ya zama cikakke. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga bambancin tare da rawaya rawaya. Tare da rashin haske, alluran suna dusashe kuma suna iya zama kore.

Ruwa

Watering yew Berry ana buƙatar kawai a lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki. Kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, a lokacin ƙuruciyar - a cikin shekara ta farko bayan dasa shuki. A wannan lokacin, yana da amfani don shayar da shi sau ɗaya a mako, guga 1 na ruwa kowace daji.

A cikin shekara ta biyu, ana buƙatar watering kawai a lokacin dogon fari - kuma sau ɗaya a mako, guga 1.

Amma daga shekara ta uku, ba za ku iya ƙara damuwa ba - yews sauƙi jure fari.

takin mai magani

Babu buƙatar yin amfani da kowane taki lokacin dashen yew. Amma ainihin abin da ake buƙata shine ƙara 1 guga na ƙasa daga ƙarƙashin itacen inabi ko firs zuwa ramin. Namomin kaza na musamman suna rayuwa a cikin irin wannan koda, wanda ke taimakawa conifers don cire abubuwan gina jiki.

Ciyar

Su ma ba sa bukatar yew. Kuma har ma an hana su, saboda sabbin kwayoyin halitta da takin mai magani na ma'adinai suna kashe waɗancan fungi na ƙasa iri ɗaya, kuma ba tare da taimakonsu ba shuka zai iya mutuwa.

Haihuwar yew Berry

Yew Berry yana yaduwa ta hanyoyi biyu.

Tsaba. Wannan zaɓin na ga mutane masu kishi da haƙuri. Yew yana girma sosai a hankali, kuma seedlings sun kai tsayin 1 m kawai bayan shekaru 30. Amma idan kuna shirye ku jira, to yana da daraja a gwada.

Kafin ka fara shuka, tsaba, ko kuma cones (wannan shine abin da ake kira 'ya'yan itacen yew), ana buƙatar a jiƙa na rana a cikin ruwa - a wannan lokacin harsashi zai yi laushi, wanda dole ne a cire shi. Sa'an nan kuma a bushe su, a haxa su da yashi kuma a aika su zuwa firiji tare da zafin jiki na 5 - 6 ° C (wannan ya fi dacewa a cikin Afrilu) ... don shekara 1! Har yanzu kuna son yada yews daga tsaba? Bayan haka, bayan shekara guda, ya kamata a shuka su a cikin greenhouses kuma a rufe su da ƙasa coniferous daga ƙarƙashin pine ko spruces daga sama tare da Layer na 2 cm. Tare da wannan zaɓin shuka, kusan kashi 70% na tsaba suna girma.

Akwai zaɓi mafi sauƙi - don shuka berries na mazugi nan da nan a cikin buɗe ƙasa a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba zuwa zurfin 2 cm. Amma a wannan yanayin, za su iya girma a cikin shekaru 3-4.

Yankewa. Wannan hanya ta fi sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi ga kowane mai lambu. Duk da haka, bai kamata mutum ya yaudari kansa da yawa ba, saboda gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa yawan rayuwa na yankan yew yana da matukar talauci: matsakaicin abin da za a iya sa ran shine 20%, amma sau da yawa wannan adadi yana da ƙasa (5).

Zai fi kyau a yanke cuttings don yaduwa a watan Satumba-Oktoba ko Afrilu-Mayu. Ya kamata su zama 15 - 20 cm tsayi kuma ya kamata a dauka daga 3 - 5 shekaru harbe - sun dauki tushe mafi muni daga tsofaffin rassan. Dole ne a cire allura daga ƙananan kashi uku na yankan, sannan a dasa su a cikin tukwane, a cikin cakuda peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1. Ba lallai ba ne a bi da yankan tare da tushen tushen abubuwan da ke motsa jiki - gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa. ko dai ba sa ba da wani tasiri, ko kuma, akasin haka, suna cutar da yawan rayuwa na cuttings (5).

Yankan suna samun tushe a cikin kimanin watanni 3-4. Duk wannan lokacin suna buƙatar shayar da su don kada ƙasa ta kasance mai ɗanɗano kaɗan, kuma a shaded daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ana dasa yankan da aka dasa a cikin kaka a cikin lambun a ƙarshen Mayu. Spring - a watan Satumba.

Don hunturu, ƙasa a kusa da seedlings ya kamata a mulched da sawdust tare da Layer na 7-10 cm, da kuma yankan kansu ya kamata a rufe da spruce rassan. Af, zai zama dole a rufe su don shekaru 3-4 na farko.

Cututtuka na yew Berry

Gabaɗaya, yew Berry ba sau da yawa rashin lafiya, amma duk da haka, akwai da yawa pathogenic fungi da zai iya haifar da matsaloli.

Phomosis. Tare da wannan cuta, haushin shuka ya mutu, allura a hankali suna rawaya, sannan su juya launin ruwan kasa kuma su fadi. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai ƙarfi, rassan sun fara bushewa gabaɗaya, shuka ya raunana, kuma hunturu ba ta da kyau. Ciwon naman gwari ya dawwama akan haushi da faɗuwar allura.

A farkon alamar cutar, duk harbe ya kamata a yanke. A cikin kaka, bi da tsire-tsire tare da cakuda Bordeaux (1%). Kuma idan kamuwa da cuta ya yadu sosai, to dole ne a maimaita magani tare da cakuda Bordeaux a lokacin rani.

Brown Shutte (kasa ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mold). Wannan cututtukan fungal yana shafar nau'ikan conifers da yawa, kuma yew ba banda. Cutar yawanci tana bayyana kanta a farkon bazara - allura sun fara samun launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Kuma tare da shan kashi mai karfi, bishiyoyin suna tsaye kamar wuta ta kone su.

A farkon alamun cutar, kuna buƙatar yanke rassan da aka shafa, tattara allurar da suka fadi daga ƙasa. Sannan a bi da tsire-tsire da Topsin-M ko Rakurs (6).

Kwari na strawberry yew

Kwari akan yew yana da wuya sosai, amma suna faruwa, kuma yana da mahimmanci a gane su da wuri-wuri don fara magani.

Yew karya garkuwa. Ana iya ganin wannan kwaro a kan harbe-harbe na bakin ciki da ƙananan allura - kwari suna kama da tubercles zagaye na rawaya (mata) ko launin fari (maza), 2-4 mm a diamita. Suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Alamun farko na kamuwa da cuta - allura sun fara yin launin ruwan kasa da crumble, kuma allurar sun juya baki a kan ƙananan rassan - kamuwa da cuta na biyu a cikin nau'i na fungi na soot.

Yana da wuya a yi yaƙi da manya - an rufe su da harsashi mai ƙarfi. Amma yana yiwuwa a lalata larvae da ba daidai ba, wanda ya bayyana a cikin masse a farkon rabin Yuli. A wannan lokacin, dole ne a bi da tsire-tsire tare da Confidor Maxi ko Engio.

Yew miji. Alamun kwaro suna bayyana a saman harbe-harbe - an tattara alluran da ke kansu a cikin wani nau'i, a ciki wanda za'a iya samun larvae mai launin ja.

Don magance yew gall midge, ana amfani da Engio.

Spruce needleworm. Manya ƙananan asu ne masu launuka iri-iri. Kuma ba su da illa. Amma larvae na silt yana cutar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ciki har da yew. Suna zaune a cikin allura, suna ci na ma'adinai. Yayin da suke girma, suna saƙa yanar gizo, suna tattara allura da yawa a cikin damfara.

Don magance kwaro, ana amfani da magungunan tsarin - Calypso, Confidor ko Engio.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Yew Berry yana haifar da tambayoyi da yawa tsakanin masu lambu, mun magance mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

Tushen

1. Littafin Red na Yankin Krasnodar (Tsatsaye da namomin kaza). Bugu na biyu / Rev. ed. Litvinskaya SA // Krasnodar: Ofishin Zane Na 1 LLC, 2007.
2. Littafin Jajayen Bayanai na Jamhuriyar Arewa Ossetia-Alania. Rare da nau'in shuke-shuke da dabbobi masu haɗari / Ed. Nikolaeva I., Gamovoy N. // Vladikavkaz: Project-Press, 1999. - 248 p.
3. Red Littafi na Jamhuriyar Crimea. Tsire-tsire, algae da fungi / Ed. ed. dbs, prof. Yena AV da Ph.D. Fateryga AV // Simferopol: LLC "IT "ARIAL", 2015. - 480 p.
4. Littafin Bayani na Red na yankin Kaliningrad / Ƙungiyar mawallafa, ed. Dedkova VP da Grishanova GV // Kaliningrad: Gidan Buga na Jami'ar Jiha. I. Kant, 2010. - 333 p.
5. Magomedalieva VK, Omarova PK Kwatanta halaye na rayuwa na cuttings da explants na yew Berry in vitro // Bulletin na Dagestan State University. Jerin 1: Kimiyyar Halitta, 2013, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sravnytelnaya-harakteristika-vyzhivaemosti-cherenkov-i-eksplantov-pobega-tisa-yagodnogo-in-vitro
6. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka amince don amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/bayanan-masana'antu/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/