Na kowa spruce

Na kowa spruce (Picea abies) nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in pine mafi tsufa na dangin Pine, siririya kuma kyakkyawan shuka itace mai tsayi mai tsayi tare da kambi mai faɗin pyramidal. A cikin yanayi, ya kai mita 50 a tsayi. Itacen itace mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa 1-2 m a diamita. Saman spruce koyaushe yana da kaifi, rassan suna girma a kwance ko a tsaye a ɗaga sama. Bawon ja ne ko launin toka. Alluran gajere ne, tsayin 15-20 mm, kore mai haske ko kore mai duhu, tare da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. Ko da yake muna magana ne game da conifers a matsayin Evergreens, a gaskiya ma, allura suna da nasu rayuwarsu: a cikin spruce, suna tsayawa a kan bishiyar tsawon shekaru 6 zuwa 12.

Norway spruce ita ce mafi yawan tsire-tsire na coniferous a cikin ƙasarmu, babban nau'in gandun daji. A cikin yanayi, zaku iya samun bishiyoyi sama da shekaru 250 - 300.

Cones na spruce na kowa suna oblong, cylindrical. A lokacin rayuwarsu, suna canza launi daga ja zuwa kore, kuma yayin da suke girma, suna zama launin ruwan kasa. Ana iya tarwatsa tsaba ta hanyar iska ta hanyar godiya ga fikafikan su. An shuka amfanin gona a kowace shekara 3-4, amma tsofaffin mazugi na iya rataye a kan bishiya fiye da shekara guda.

A cikin al'adu daban-daban, ana daukar spruce alama ce ta rai madawwami, ƙarfin hali da aminci. Amma a cikin ƙasarmu, ba a taɓa shuka ta kusa da gidan ba - ana ɗaukar wannan mummunan al'ajabi. Duk saboda yana da kyau… yana ƙonewa. Kuma da kwatsam aka samu gobara a wani gida, sai bishiyar ta harba kamar ashana, ta fadi ta baza wutar zuwa wasu gidaje. Amma yanzu an dasa shi da son rai a yankuna da yawa: nau'ikan dwarf da kayan gini marasa zafi sun bayyana.

Na kowa spruce iri

Amma yanzu spruce na kowa ya shahara sosai a cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri saboda juriya na sanyi, juriya na inuwa, kuma mafi mahimmanci, iri-iri iri-iri.

Nidiformis (Nidiformis). Yana cikin nau'ikan dwarf na spruce na kowa. Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan kyakkyawan shuka ya daɗe yana cin nasara a cikin ƙananan lambuna. Wani shrub tare da na asali lebur mai zagaye (a cikin samari bishiyoyi yana da sifar gida), wani kambi mai yawa na rassan bakin ciki tare da allura mai haske kore a tsayi ya kai kawai 1 - 1,2 m da 2,5 m a nisa. Amma ga waɗannan masu girma dabam, yana buƙatar girma na dogon lokaci - a cikin shekaru 10, spruce zai zama kawai 40 cm.

Wannan nau'in yana da matukar sanyi-hardy, ba tare da matsaloli yana jure yanayin yanayin iska har zuwa -40 ° C. Ba shi da buƙatar ƙasa, ko da yake yana tasowa mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai laushi. Yana girma da kyau a cikin cikakken haske da inuwa ta bangare.

An gabatar da iri-iri a cikin al'ada a farkon karni na 1. Ana amfani da masu shimfidar wurare a cikin lambunan dutse da ƙananan iyakoki (XNUMX). Akwai ingantaccen ƙwarewa na girma Nidiformis a cikin kwantena.

Acrocona (Acrocona). Daya daga cikin mafi kyawun nau'ikan, wanda aka sani tun ƙarshen karni na 3. Siffar kambi mai fa'ida mara ka'ida ba bisa ka'ida ba, asymmetrically da rassan rataye da rataye suna ba gonar haske. Babban Acrocona ya kai tsayin mita 3 tare da fadin kambi har zuwa m 12. Ƙunƙarar launin kore mai duhu gajere ne, ana kiyaye su a kan rassan har zuwa shekaru XNUMX. Yawancin kyawawan manyan cones, waɗanda suka girma a ƙarshen harbe, sun zama ainihin kayan ado na itace. Da farko suna da haske ja, sannan su zama launin ruwan kasa.

Iri-iri yana girma sannu a hankali, yana jure sanyi har zuwa -40 ° C, yana da hoto, ya fi son ƙasa mai laushi da m tare da ɗan ƙaramin alkaline.

A cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri, ana ƙididdige shi azaman tefworm (tsari ɗaya). Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don ƙirƙirar lambunan dutse da na Japan.

Inverse (Inversa). Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa bambance-bambancen a kan taken "kuka spruce". An samo shi a Ingila a cikin 1884. Itace mai kambi mai kunkuntar, rassan fadowa suna yin fure a ƙasa. Shuka shi azaman shrub mai girma a hankali akan tallafi, ko dasa shi akan doguwar akwati. Rataye rassan sun dace da gangar jikin, don haka ko da a cikin bishiyar manya, kambin kambi bai wuce 2,5 m ba.

Bambance-bambancen Inversa (2) yana da tsananin hunturu-hardy (ya jure har zuwa -40 ° C), yana iya girma ko da a cikin yanayin tsaunuka. Yana son wurare masu haske, amma yana iya girma a cikin inuwa mai ban sha'awa. Ƙasa ta fi son m, mai gina jiki, mai haƙuri ga duka acidic da alkaline.

A cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri, yana taka rawar gani tapeworm mai ban mamaki.

Wills Zwerg. Ya fara sayar da rayayye tun 1956. Ƙarƙashin girma, jinkirin girma, yana da shekaru 30 yana samun tsayin mita 2, amma kawai ya kai mita 1 a fadin. Kambi yana da kyau, mai yawa, mai siffar fil ko conical. Ya dubi sosai m da ban mamaki a farkon girma na harbe, wanda, a kan bango na duhu kore paws, tsaya tare da rawaya-orange girma. Kuma a lokacin rani, ƙananan harbe sun bambanta da launi - suna da haske kore.

Iri-iri yana da tsananin hunturu-hardy (har zuwa -40 ° C), mai ɗaukar hoto, kodayake yana iya girma a wurare masu inuwa. Yana buƙatar ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗe, matsakaiciyar ƙasa mai albarka.

A cikin shimfidar wuri na kananan lambuna ana amfani da shi azaman tepeworm kuma a cikin kungiyoyi azaman tsire-tsire masu tallafi.

Garamin Gem. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi saurin girma maye gurbin spruce. An gano shi a cikin 50s na ƙarni na ƙarshe a Holland. Kambi yana da siffar matashi, mai yawa, rassan suna da gajere, dan kadan daga sama. Allurar suna da laushi, sirara, koren duhu. A cikin bazara, a kan wannan bangon, haɓakar matasa tare da allura mai haske mai haske yana da ban sha'awa sosai. A cikin shekaru 10, bishiyar Kirsimeti tana girma zuwa tsayin kawai 20 cm. Kuma bayan 50 cm, girma ya tsaya. Siffar siffa ta wannan dwarf ita ce ba ta yin fure.

spruce mai jure sanyi (har zuwa -35 ° C), mai ɗaukar hoto, ya fi son ƙasa mai ɗanɗano matsakaici da mai gina jiki.

A cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri, ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙanana da ƙananan lambuna, a cikin rockeries da scree, kuma yana da tasiri a cikin kwantena.

Dasa spruce

Muhimmiyar doka: kafin siyan seedling, dole ne ku ƙayyade wurin dasa shuki a sarari, sanin girman girman shukar zai kasance a cikin shekaru 10-20. Spruces ba nau'ikan tsire-tsire ba ne waɗanda ke jure wa dasawa cikin sauƙi. Don tsire-tsire tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar (ZKS), mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki shine daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, don seedlings tare da tsarin tushen budewa - har zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu da rabi na biyu na Satumba - farkon Nuwamba.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine seedlings a cikin akwati ko tare da cushewar ƙasa. Dole ne a shirya rami mai saukarwa a gaba.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa tsire-tsire matasa a farkon lokacin sanyi biyu na iya sha wahala daga kunar rana a jiki, don haka ana buƙatar kariya daga bushewar iskar da rana mai haske a ƙarshen hunturu.

Norway spruce kula

Daban-daban da nau'ikan spruce na kowa sun bambanta, sosai hunturu-Hardy (tare da ban sha'awa), wasu suna da peculiarities a cikin kulawa, amma galibin ilimin asali ya isa ga shuke-shuke don haɓakawa da haɓaka kyakkyawa, lafiya da dorewa.

Ground

spruce na Norway yana haɓaka mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, ruwa mai kyau, ƙasa mai kyau. Fi dacewa - dan kadan acidic arziki loam. Wasu nau'ikan suna buƙatar amsawar ƙasa ta ɗan ƙaramin alkaline, amma a gabaɗaya spruces suna girma sosai akan ƙasa acidic da tsaka tsaki. A kan ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ramuka, ana ƙara yumbu da humus a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1.

lighting

Yawancin nau'ikan suna jure wa hasken rana kai tsaye da kyau, amma a farkon lokacin sanyi biyu, nau'ikan dwarf suna buƙatar shading. Yawancin cultivars suna jure wa inuwa, duk da haka, kyakkyawan siffar kambi yana tasowa ne kawai tare da isasshen hasken rana.

Ruwa

A cikin yanayi, spruce na kowa yana tsiro a kan ƙasa mai ɗanɗano kaɗan, kodayake yawancin gandun daji na spruce ana samun su a wurare masu tsaunuka inda babu danshi mai yawa. Koyaya, lokacin dasa shuki, duk nau'ikan spruce suna buƙatar shayarwa mai inganci, musamman a cikin shekarar farko.

Bayan dasa shuki, ana buƙatar shayarwa sau ɗaya a mako a cikin adadin 1 - 10 lita na ruwa a kowace seedling bai wuce mita 12 ba. A cikin yanayin zafi, da maraice ko safiya, shawa yana da tasiri mai amfani. Don adana danshi, ana iya yayyafa da'irar gangar jikin tare da lokacin farin ciki na haushi ko sawdust na conifers.

Bayan shekara guda ko biyu, yawancin nau'in spruce na Norway ba sa buƙatar shayarwa, ko da yake sun amsa da kyau ga shawan ruwa a kwanakin zafi.

Mafi mahimmancin yanayin yanayin hunturu mai kyau na tsire-tsire matasa shine shayar da ruwa. Ko ta yaya rigar kaka ta kasance, a watan Oktoba, a ƙarƙashin kowane bishiyar coniferous, aƙalla lita 20-30 na ruwa ya kamata a zuba a kan ƙananan tsire-tsire da lita 50 a kowace mita na tsayin kambi.

takin mai magani

Lokacin dasa shuki, ana amfani da takin mai magani-phosphorus-potassium da tsutsawar sawdust na conifers. Babu taki ko sabon takin, duk da haka, da kowane takin nitrogen, da ash. A karkashin nau'in dwarf, yana halatta a saka rabin guga na takin da ya cika da kyau a cikin ramin shuka.

Ciyar

A kan ƙasa mai albarka a cikin shekaru 2-3 na farko bayan dasa shuki, spruce baya buƙatar suturar saman. A nan gaba, ana amfani da takin mai magani na musamman ga da'irar gangar jikin. Lokacin da allura suka juya rawaya kuma sun fadi, da kuma a cikin shekara ta farko, yana da amfani don fesa kambi tare da mafita na Epin da Ferrovit.

Haifuwa na kowa spruce

Ana iya yada spruces ta hanyoyi uku.

Tsaba. Tare da wannan hanyar, ba a kiyaye halaye iri-iri. Duk da haka, wannan hanya ta shahara ga waɗanda suke buƙatar kayan shuka da yawa, kuma ba su da sauri. Tare da wannan hanyar girma, yana da mahimmanci cewa tsaba sun kasance sabo ne kuma sun lalace.

Yin rigakafi. Wannan zaɓi ne don tsire-tsire iri-iri - yana ba ku damar adana duk alamun shukar uwar.

Yankewa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don yaɗuwar bishiyoyin fir. Amma yana buƙatar haƙuri, lokaci da bin ka'idoji masu yawa.

Ana ɗaukar yankan tushen daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a ranar gajimare a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu, yayyagewa daga reshe tare da diddige - wani yanki na gangar jikin. Kyakkyawan yanke ya kamata ya zama 7-10 cm tsayi. Nan da nan bayan girbi, ana sanya ƙarshen yankan don kwana ɗaya a cikin wani bayani na tushen tushen kuzari (misali, Heteroauxin). Sa'an nan kuma an dasa yankan a cikin tukwane tare da ƙasa mai haske a kusurwar 30 °, zurfafa ta 2-3 cm. Ana sanya tukwane a cikin greenhouse ko an rufe su da jakar filastik. Yana da mahimmanci don iska da shuka sau ɗaya a rana.

Yi haƙuri - tsarin rooting na iya ɗaukar har zuwa shekara guda. Kuma a wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci don shayar da ruwa akai-akai da kuma shayar da tsire-tsire. Sau ɗaya kowane mako 2, zaku iya ƙara ƙaramin bayani na Heteroauxin zuwa ruwa.

A cikin bazara, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu tushe a cikin makaranta, wanda aka shirya a ƙarƙashin alfarwar bishiyoyi. Sai kawai bayan shekara guda ko biyu girma shuke-shuke za a iya dasa a cikin m wuri.

Cututtuka na kowa spruce

Tsatsa (spruce spinner). Wannan cuta ce ta fungal. Cutar ta bayyana kanta a kan bawo a cikin nau'i na ƙananan, 0,5 cm a diamita na kumburi na launi na orange. Sannan alluran sun fara juyawa rawaya kuma su fadi. Tsatsa kuma na iya shafar Cones.

Yana da mahimmanci a matakin farko don tattara allurai marasa lafiya da cones, yanke da ƙone rassan da naman gwari ya shafa, da kuma bi da tsire-tsire tare da Hom (Copper oxychloride) (3) ko Rakurs. Don rigakafin, ana yin feshin bazara tare da ruwan Bordeaux.

Shutte. Kodayake pines sun fi fama da wannan cuta, Schütte (snow mold) sau da yawa yana rinjayar Norway spruce. Mai laifi shine cutar naman gwari. Yana yawan tsiro a cikin kaka. Da sauri yana tasowa a cikin hunturu, musamman a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin bazara, allurar launin ruwan kasa tare da fararen fata suna bayyana akan tsire-tsire. Marasa lafiya allura na iya zama a kan spruce na wata shekara. Wannan yana haifar da tasha a cikin ci gaban shuka, kuma a wasu lokuta zuwa mutuwa.

Maganin ya ƙunshi cire rassan da aka shafa da kuma kula da tsire-tsire sau uku tare da shirye-shiryen Hom ko Rakurs (3).

Common spruce kwari

Spruce gizo-gizo mite. Mafi yawan kwaro da ke haifuwa sosai a lokacin bushewar watanni masu zafi. Ticks suna huda allura, shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace, suna barin ƙananan rawaya a kansu. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai ƙarfi, alluran sun juya launin ruwan kasa kuma suna crumble. Gidan yanar gizo yana bayyana akan rassan.

Rigakafin - dousing na yau da kullun na rawanin tare da ruwa. Jiyya - fesa tsire-tsire masu cutar da Actellik, Antiklesch, Fitoverm. Yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da aƙalla jiyya 3 daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.

Spruce sawfly. Karamin kwarin yana mamaye spruce tare da tsutsa masu cin allura. Ba shi da sauƙi don lura da mamayewar sawfly da farko - tsutsa a zahiri suna haɗuwa tare da allura. Amma lokacin da matasan allura suka juya launin ja-launin ruwan kasa, dole ne a dauki matakan gaggawa don kare tsire-tsire.

Magungunan Pinocid yana da tasiri daga sawfly. An fesa bishiyar tare da bayani aƙalla sau biyu, yana da mahimmanci don zubar da da'irar kusa-kusa tare da bayani - tsutsa ta tono cikin ƙasa. A matakin farko na kamuwa da cuta, fesa Actellik ko Fury yana da tasiri.

Spruce leaflet-needleworm. Asu malam buɗe ido yana cutar da spruce tare da larvae waɗanda ke cizon allura, suna yin nakiyoyi. Bayan wani lokaci, an rufe allurar da cobwebs kuma a rushe.

Calypso da Confidor suna da tasiri a kan leafworms. Tare da ƙananan rauni, jiyya biyu ko uku na rassan da aka shafa tare da Sabulun Koren sun isa.

Spruce garkuwar ƙarya. Sau da yawa yana rinjayar tsire-tsire matasa. Ƙananan kwari suna zaune a kan haushi da allura, wanda aka sani da suturar m. Tsire-tsire suna zalunci, allura sun juya launin ruwan kasa kuma sun fadi, rassan sun lanƙwasa kuma sun bushe.

Mafi tasiri akan wannan kwaro shine Aktara da Confidor.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi tambaya game da na kowa spruce Masanin aikin gona Oleg Ispolatov - ya amsa tambayoyin da suka fi dacewa na mazauna rani.

Tushen

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Abubuwan da aka tsara daga herbaceous perennial, itace coniferous da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin shimfidar wuri na birane // Conifers na yankin boreal, 2013, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh -rasteniy -v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. Gerd Krussman. Coniferous breeds. // M., Masana'antar katako, 1986, shafuka 257.
3. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka ba da izini don amfani a yankin Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tarayya
4. https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/