Tsawon awa ɗaya zuwa biyu bayan haihuwa, jariri yana samun lokacin kwanciyar hankali da faɗakarwa mai dacewa ga musayar, koyo da haddace su (1). Anyi bayanin wannan yanayin na hankali ta hanyar sakin catecholamines a cikin jikin jariri, hormone wanda ke taimaka masa ya daidaita yanayin jiki zuwa sabon yanayin sa. A nata ɓangaren, mahaifiyar ta ɓoye adadin oxytocin, “hormone na soyayya” ko “haɗe -haɗe na hormone”, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga wannan yanayin “damuwa ta farko” wanda likitan yara Winnicott (2) ya bayyana. Don haka awanni biyu bayan haihuwa shine lokacin gata na farkon saduwa tsakanin uwa da jariri.

Idan haihuwar ta yi kyau, an gabatar da jariri ga uwa tun daga haihuwa, ya fi dacewa “fata zuwa fata”: an sanya shi tsirara, an rufe shi bayan bushewa, a kan mahaifiyar sa. Wannan hulɗar fata-da-fata (CPP) daga mintuna na farko na rayuwa kuma tsawaita (mintuna 90 zuwa 120) yana ba da damar sauyawa mai sauƙi tsakanin duniyar utero da rayuwar iska, kuma yana haɓaka daidaitawar jiyya na jariri ta hanyoyi daban-daban. :

• ingantaccen kula da zafin jiki (3);
• mafi kyawun ma'aunin carbohydrate (4);
• mafi dacewa karbuwa na numfashi (5);
• mafi kyawun daidaitawar ƙwayoyin cuta (6);
• raguwar kuka a cikin kuka (7).

Fatar fata zuwa fata kuma za ta inganta kafuwar dangantakar uwa da jariri, musamman ta hanyar fitar da sinadarin hormone oxytocin. “Wannan al'adar ta tuntuɓar juna a cikin awanni na farko bayan haihuwar na iya sauƙaƙa halayen haɗe -haɗe da mu'amala tsakanin uwa da jariri ta hanyar motsa jiki kamar taɓawa, ɗumi da wari. », Yana Nuna WHO (8).

A cikin hotunan jarirai a cikin dakin haihuwa, abin da ya fi daukar hankali shine wannan zurfin kallon jariri 'yan mintuna kadan na rayuwa. Ga kwararru, wannan kallon na musamman ne, na musamman. Dokta Marc Pilliot na ɗaya daga cikin na farko, a cikin 1996, don yin sha’awar wannan “protoregard” (daga protos na Girka, na farko). "Idan muka bar yaron akan mahaifiyarsa, kallon rabin sa'a na farko zai taka muhimmiyar rawa da tushe. »(9), yayi bayanin likitan yara. Wannan kallon yana da rawar “tarbiyya”: zai inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin uwa da yaro amma kuma uba-yaro. "Tasirin (wannan ƙwararre) a kan iyaye yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana shafar su, yana haifar da su cikin tashin hankali na ainihi wanda ke canza su gaba ɗaya, don haka yana da tasirin tarbiyya wanda bai kamata a yi sakaci da shi ba", yayi bayanin wani magabacin ilimin zamani, Dr Jean-Marie Delassus (10). Lokaci na farko na rayuwar jariri, saboda haka dole ne a yi komai, a cikin ɗakin haihuwa, don fifita wannan kallon da wannan musanya ta musamman.

Awanni biyu a cikin dakin haihuwa shine mafi kyawun lokacin shayar da nono da wuri ga uwayen da ke son shayarwa, amma kuma ga masu son bayar da jariri guda ɗaya "maraba da nono". Wannan ciyarwa wani lokaci ne na gatanci tare da jariri kuma daga mahangar abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba shi damar cin gajiyar colostrum, ruwa mai kauri da rawaya mai wadataccen furotin da abubuwan kariya daban -daban.

WHO ta ba da shawarar cewa “uwaye za su fara shayar da jarirai nono a cikin awa daya da haihuwa. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, yakamata a sanya jarirai fata-da fata tare da mahaifiyarsu na aƙalla sa’a guda, kuma yakamata a ƙarfafa iyaye mata su gane lokacin da jaririnsu ke shirye ya makale, yana ba da taimako idan an buƙata. . (11).

Jariri ya san yadda ake tsotsa tun daga haihuwa, muddin aka ba shi mafi kyawun yanayi. “Bincike daban -daban sun nuna cewa idan babu kwanciyar hankali, jarirai da aka ɗora kan nonon mahaifiyarsu nan da nan bayan haihuwa, suna yin ɗabi’ar ɗabi’a kafin ciyarwa ta farko, wanda lokacin sa ke bambanta. Ƙungiyoyin farko, waɗanda aka gudanar bayan mintuna 12 zuwa € 44, an bi su da madaidaicin madaidaici akan ƙirjin tare da tsotse -tsotse, bayan mintuna 27 zuwa € 71. Bayan haihuwa, tsotsawar tsotsa zai kasance mafi kyau bayan mintuna 45, sannan ragewa, tsayawa na awanni biyu a cikin sa'o'i biyu da rabi, ”in ji WHO. A matakin hormonal, digon nono da jariri ke haifarwa yana haifar da fitar da prolactin (hormone lactation) da oxytocin, wanda ke sauƙaƙe farkon farawar madara da fitar ta. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin waɗannan awanni biyu bayan haihuwa, jaririn yana “cikin tsananin aiki da haddacewa. Idan madarar tana gudana, idan ya sami damar ɗaukar ta cikin hanzari, zai yi rikodin wannan ciyarwar ta farko a matsayin ingantacciyar gogewa, wacce zai so ta hayayyafa daga baya ”, in ji Dr Marc Pilliot (12).

Wannan ciyarwa ta farko ana yin ta fata da fata don inganta ƙaddamar da shayarwa amma kuma ci gaba. Lallai, "bayanai na yanzu suna nuna cewa fata-da-fata tsakanin uwa da jariri jim kadan bayan haihuwa yana taimakawa fara shayarwa, yana kara yiwuwar samun nono na musamman na tsawon wata daya zuwa hudu, kuma yana tsawaita tsawon lokacin shayarwa", in ji WHO (13 ).