Dan Adam ya kirkiro takin zamani da magungunan kashe kwari, amma har yanzu bai samar da wani sinadari da zai yi nasarar gurbata manyan amfanin gona ba. A halin yanzu, kudan zuma suna yin pollin kusan kashi 80% na duk 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari da iri da ake nomawa a Amurka.
Mun yi imani cewa zuma ta samo asali ne daga yanayin ɗumbin ƙudan zuma da aka noma. Shin kun san cewa "'yan uwan daji" na ƙudan zuma na zuma (irin su bumblebees, ƙudan zuma na ƙasa) sun fi kyau pollinators? Bugu da kari, ba su da saurin kamuwa da cutarwar ticks. Don haka, ba sa samar da zuma mai yawa.
Don samar da gram 450 na zuma, yankin kudan zuma yana buƙatar "tafiya" (kimanin mil 55) a gudun mil 000 a sa'a guda. A duk tsawon rayuwa, kudan zuma na iya samar da kimanin teaspoon 15 na zuma, wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci ga kudan zuma a lokacin hunturu mai wahala. Wani gaskiyar da ya cancanci tunani yayin da yake zaune kusa da kyandir na kakin zuma: don samar da 1 g na kakin zuma, ƙudan zuma. Kuma yayin da muke ɗaukar waɗannan ƙananan halittu masu ƙwazo (ƙudan zuma pollen, jelly royal, propolis), da wuya su yi aiki kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙudan zuma. Abin baƙin ciki shine, ƙudan zuma na noma dole ne su kasance a cikin yanayi mara kyau da damuwa a gare su. Zuma abinci ne mai kyau… ga ƙudan zuma.
Amsar tambayar abin da zai faru idan ƙudan zuma sun ɓace kamar suna kusa da kusurwa. A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, wallafe-wallafen da ake girmamawa da yawa sun rufe labaran ɓarnar kudan zuma da ciwon rugujewar mulkin mallaka kamar The New York Times, Discovery News da sauransu. Masana kimiyya suna binciken dalilin da yasa ƙudan zuma ke raguwa da abin da za mu iya yi kafin ya yi latti.
magungunan kashe qwari
Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta buga wani bincike a cikin 2010 wanda ya gano "matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba" na magungunan kashe qwari a cikin amya na Amurka (Idan magungunan kashe qwari suna cikin kudan zuma, kuna tsammanin suna cikin zuma?). Haka kuma, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka tana sane da hakan.
- Labaran Uwar Duniya, 2009
Ticks da ƙwayoyin cuta
Saboda raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki (danniya, magungunan kashe qwari, da sauransu), ƙudan zuma sun zama masu saurin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtukan fungal da mites. Yawancin ire-iren wadannan cututtuka na karuwa yayin da ake jigilar amya daga kasa zuwa kasa, daga wannan wuri zuwa wani.
Wayoyin salula
– Labaran ABC
Baya ga tasirin wayoyin salula, magungunan kashe qwari da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙudan zuma na “kasuwanci” na noma, mai sauƙi ko na halitta (inda mutuwarsu ta ragu, amma har yanzu tana nan), ana kiyaye su a cikin yanayi da yanayi mara kyau. Komai kankantar dabba, bai kamata a sami wurin bauta ba. Ko kun sayi zumar noma ko sananniyar alama, kuna ba da gudummawa ga cin ƙudan zuma don amfanin ɗan adam. Menene tsarin "samar" zuma?
- Kudan zuma suna neman tushen nectar
- Bayan sun sami furen da ya dace, an gyara su kuma suna haɗiye nectar.
Ba dadi sosai… Amma bari mu ga abin da ke gaba.
- Akwai belching na nectar, wanda a cikinsa yana gauraye da miya da enzymes.
- Kudan zuma ta sake hadiye gyadar, bayan haka belching ya sake faruwa kuma ana maimaita hakan sau da yawa.
Idan muka ga wannan tsari a aikace, ba za mu rasa sha'awar yada zuma a gasasshen safiya ba? Yayin da wasu za su ƙi, "To menene?", gaskiyar ita ce zuma cakuda ce ta yau da kullun da "abinci" daga ƙudan zuma.