Contents
Amfanin shiru: me yasa sauraro yafi magana
Gani
Kodayake abin da ake cewa “hoto yana da darajar kalmomi dubu” ba koyaushe bane gaskiya ne, wani lokacin ma. Haka yake faruwa tare da yin shiru: sau da yawa an fi maida hankali a cikin waɗannan fiye da kowane abu da mutum zai iya faɗi. Hakanan, yana sauraro, wani abu kamar yin “shiru na ciki” don sauraron wasu, mai mahimmanci. Kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Alberto Álvarez Calero, madugu, mawaki, kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Seville, ya rubuta "Muhimmancin sauraro da shiru" (Amat Editorial), littafi wanda a cikinsa yake da haƙiƙa, a cikin kalmominsa, "don ba da gudummawa ga kimanta sauraro da yin shiru a matsayin muhimman gogewa."
Da farko, marubucin yayi magana game da yadda magana da sauraro ayyukan haɗin gwiwa ne, amma a cikin jama'ar Yammacin Turai «an ba da aikin magana fiye da na sauraro daidai», Kuma yana gargadin cewa da alama,« ta hanyar yin shiru, saƙonnin suna isa ga ƙiyayyar mu ». Babu wani abu da ya fi gaskiya. Ya yi nuni da cewa muna rayuwa ne a cikin tsarin jama'a wanda mutum mai yawan magana zai fi samun nasara fiye da wanda aka keɓe, amma ba lallai ne ya zama mafi kyawun ɗabi'a don samun kyaututtuka don sadarwa ta magana ba, tunda sauraro yana da mahimmanci, don haka da yawa don haka, yana ambaton Daniel Goleman da littafinsa "Sirrin Zamani", yana ba da tabbacin cewa "fasahar sanin yadda ake sauraro ɗaya ce daga cikin manyan ƙwarewar mutanen da ke da babban matakin hankali".
Nasihu don koyon sauraro
Ana iya cewa duk mun san ji, amma ba mu saurara ba. Alberto valvarez Calero ya bar wasu jagororin don sanin abin da suke gaya mana, da kuma iya kula da shi:
- Ka guji duk wani abin da zai raba hankalinka (hayaniya, katsewa…) wanda ke hana mu kula da abin da ya dace.
- Faɗa mana yadda muke ji na ɗan lokaci don samun damar sauraron ɗayan da kyau.
- Yayin da muke sauraro, dole ne mu yi kokari a kawar da ra'ayoyin mu son zuciya na rashin tunani da al'ada, duka sane kuma ba.
Hakanan yana magana akan yadda yakamata mu educarnos don iya sauraro, musamman a cikin al'umma irin ta yau wacce hayaniya a cikinta, gaba ɗaya (duk tashin hankalin cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a, shirye -shirye, wayoyin hannu da saƙonni) ba wai kawai ba ya ba mu damar saurare da kyau ba, har ma da yin shiru. Marubucin ya ce, don koyon sauraro, ya zama dole a bi matakai guda uku: lokacin sauraro, wanda daga farkon shekarun dole ne a ƙarfafa wannan; lokacin sauraro, wanda a cikin ikon mu aka bayyana; da kuma mataki na gaba, wanda yana da mahimmanci mu tantance kanmu irin matsalolin da muka samu lokacin sauraro. Duk wannan yana buƙatar ƙoƙari, ba shakka; «Sauraron wani mutum yana ɗaukar lokaci. Fahimci yana da jinkiri, saboda yana tilasta ba kawai fahimtar kalmomin ba, amma don rarrabe lambar da ke tare da alamun, ”ya bayyana a cikin shafukan littafin.
Ma'anar shiru
«Shiru na iya shiga cikin himma da ma'ana a cikin gaskiya (…) don yin shiru, a zahiri aiki ne na gaske. Yana faruwa lokacin da dole ne a tuna da shi, amma duk da haka an yi nufin mantawa; ko lokacin da ya zama dole yin magana ko nuna rashin amincewa kuma mutumin ya yi shiru “, marubucin ya gabatar da kashi na biyu na littafin. Yana jaddada ra'ayin cewae shuru ba ishara bace.
Ya ambaci iri uku: shiru shiru da gangan, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da tsallake sauti yana da wata niyya ko ji; shiru mai karɓa, wanda aka samar lokacin da mai karɓa ya saurara da kyau ga mai aikawa; da yin shiru na yau da kullun, abin da ba a so, kuma ba shi da niyya.
«Mutane da yawa suna danganta shiru da tsit, amma a matsayin wani lokacin rashin aiki. Sun fahimci shiru a matsayin rata wanda dole ne a cika (…) mu'amala da shi na iya zama abin jin daɗi», In ji Alberto valvarez Calero. Amma, ko da yake shiru ya mamaye mu ta wannan hanyar, amma ya tabbatar mana da cewa wannan ita ce "maganin warwatsewar hankali wanda rayuwa ta yanzu ke kai mu." Hakanan yana magana game da shiru na ciki, wanda sau da yawa saboda duk masu kunnawa na waje da muke da su, ba za mu iya noma ba. "Rayuwa tare da wuce gona da iri na sa hankali ya cika kuma, saboda haka, babu shiru na ciki", tabbas.
Yi ilimi cikin nutsuwa
Kamar yadda marubucin ya yi bayanin cewa ya kamata a saurari ilimi, haka nan shi ma yana tunanin irin na shiru. Yana nufin kai tsaye ga ajujuwa, inda ya ɗauki cewa yin shiru “dole ne ya kasance yana da alaƙa da yanayin da ke cikinsa, kuma ba saboda a ka’ida ya zama dole a yi shiru ta hanyar biyayya” kuma ya ƙara da cewa “ zai yiwu tunanin shiru fiye da na horo ».
A bayyane yake, duka biyu muhimmancin yin shiru gami da sauraro. "Tare da sauraro, wani lokacin mutum na iya zama mai tasiri fiye da ƙoƙarin gamsar da masu sauraro da kalmomi (…) shiru na iya ba da kwanciyar hankali a fuskar duniyar da aka tarwatsa", in ji marubucin.
Game da Mawallafin…
Alberto Alvarez Calero hoton mai ɗaukar hoto shi madugu ne kuma mawaki. Ya kammala karatun Mawaƙa daga Manuel Castillo Superior Conservatory of Music a Seville, ya kuma sami digiri a Geography da Tarihi, digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Seville kuma cikakken farfesa a Sashen Ilimin Fasaha na wannan Jami'ar. Ya wallafa labarai da yawa a cikin mujallu na kimiyya da littattafai da yawa kan kiɗa da ilimi. Shekaru da yawa yana haɓakawa, a fagen ilimi da fasaha, muhimmin aiki da ya shafi shiru da sauraro.