Tsarin tsufa a matakin salon salula ba za a iya dakatar da shi kawai ba amma har ma ya juya baya. Masana kimiyya a Amurka sun yi nasarar kawo tsokoki na linzamin kwamfuta mai shekaru 6 zuwa yanayin tsokoki na ɓangarorin watanni 60, wanda yayi daidai da shekaru 40 na sake farfado da gabobin dan shekaru XNUMX. A nasu bangaren, masana kimiyya daga Jamus sun farfado da kwakwalwa ta hanyar toshe kwayoyin halitta guda daya kacal.
Tawagar masana kimiyya daga Harvard Medical School karkashin jagorancin prof. Halittar halittu ta David Sinclair, ya yi wannan binciken, kamar yadda ake yi, a lokacin bincike kan siginar cikin salula. Yana faruwa ta hanyar hulɗar ƙwayoyin sigina. Yawancin sunadaran sunadaran da, tare da taimakon mahadi na sinadarai a cikin tsarin su, suna canja wurin bayanai daga wani yanki na tantanin halitta zuwa wani.
Kamar yadda ya fito yayin binciken, rushewar sadarwa tsakanin kwayar halitta da mitochondria yana haifar da saurin tsufa na sel. Duk da haka, wannan tsari za a iya juya baya - a cikin binciken a cikin samfurin linzamin kwamfuta, an gano cewa maido da sadarwa ta ciki yana sake farfado da nama kuma ya sa ya yi kama da aiki kamar yadda a cikin ƙananan yara.
Tsarin tsufa a cikin tantanin halitta, wanda ƙungiyarmu ta gano, yana ɗan tunawa da aure - lokacin da yake ƙarami, yana sadarwa ba tare da matsala ba, amma bayan lokaci, lokacin da yake rayuwa a kusa da shekaru masu yawa, sadarwa a hankali ya daina. Maido da sadarwa, a daya bangaren, yana magance dukkan matsalolin - in ji prof. Sinclair.
Mitochondria suna daga cikin mafi mahimmancin kwayoyin halitta, masu girma daga 2 zuwa 8 microns. Su ne wurin da, sakamakon tsarin numfashi na salula, yawancin adenosine triphosphate (ATP) aka samar a cikin tantanin halitta, wanda shine tushen makamashi. Mitochondria kuma yana shiga cikin siginar tantanin halitta, girma da apoptosis, da kuma kula da duk yanayin rayuwar tantanin halitta.
Bincike daga tawagar prof. Sinclair ta mayar da hankali kan rukunin kwayoyin halittar da ake kira sirtuins. Waɗannan su ne kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke ƙididdige sunadaran Sir2. Suna shiga cikin ci gaba da tafiyar matakai da yawa a cikin sel, kamar gyaran bayan fassarorin sunadaran, yin shiru na rubutun kwayoyin halitta, kunna hanyoyin gyaran DNA da tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa. Daya daga cikin asali coding genes, SIRT1, na iya zama, bisa ga binciken da suka gabata, kunna resveratol - wani sinadaran fili samu, da sauransu, a cikin inabi, jan giya da kuma wasu irin kwayoyi.
Za a iya taimakawa kwayoyin halitta
Masana kimiyya sun gano wani sinadari da tantanin halitta zai iya canzawa zuwa NAD + wanda ke dawo da sadarwa tsakanin tsakiya da mitochondria ta hanyar da ya dace na SIRT1. Gudanar da gaggawa na wannan fili yana ba ku damar juyar da tsarin tsufa gaba ɗaya; a hankali, watau bayan lokaci mai tsawo, rage shi sosai kuma ya rage tasirinsa.
A yayin gwajin, masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da ƙwayar tsoka na linzamin kwamfuta mai shekaru biyu. An ba da sel sel tare da wani sinadari na sinadari wanda aka canza zuwa NAD +, kuma an duba alamun juriya na insulin, shakatawar tsoka da kumburi. Suna nuna shekarun ƙwayar tsoka. Kamar yadda ya fito, bayan samar da ƙarin NAD +, ƙwayar tsoka na linzamin kwamfuta mai shekaru 2 bai bambanta ta kowace hanya da na linzamin kwamfuta mai watanni 6 ba. Zai zama kamar sake farfado da tsokoki na ɗan shekara 60 zuwa yanayin ɗan shekara 20.
A hanyar, muhimmiyar rawar da HIF-1 ta taka ya zo haske. Wannan abu yana raguwa da sauri a ƙarƙashin yanayin haɗuwa da iskar oxygen. Lokacin da ya ragu, yakan taru a cikin kyallen takarda. Wannan yana faruwa yayin da sel suka tsufa, amma kuma a wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji. Wannan zai bayyana dalilin da yasa hadarin ciwon daji ke karuwa da shekaru kuma a lokaci guda yana nuna cewa ilimin halittar jiki na ciwon daji yana kama da na tsufa. Godiya ga ƙarin bincike, yakamata a rage haɗarinsa, in ji Dokta Ana Gomes daga ƙungiyar Farfesa Sinclair.
A halin yanzu, bincike baya kan kyallen takarda, amma akan beraye masu rai. Masana kimiyya daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard suna son ganin tsawon lokacin rayuwarsu bayan amfani da sabuwar hanyar maido da sadarwar salula.
Kuna so ku jinkirta matakan tsufa na fata? Gwada kari tare da coenzyme Q10, cream-gel don alamun farko na tsufa ko isa ga ruwan buckthorn mai haske Sylveco don alamun farko na tsufa daga tayin Kasuwar Medonet.
Kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya yana toshe ƙwayoyin jijiya
Bi da bi, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya daga cibiyar bincike kan ciwon daji na Jamus - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) jagorancin Dokta Any Martin-Villalba, ya bincika wani muhimmin al'amari na tsarin tsufa - raguwar hankali, tunani mai ma'ana da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wadannan illolin suna haifar da raguwar adadin neurons a cikin kwakwalwa tare da shekaru.
Ƙungiyar ta gano ƙwayar sigina a cikin kwakwalwar tsohuwar linzamin kwamfuta mai suna Dickkopf-1 ko Dkk-1. Toshe samar da shi ta hanyar yin shiru da kwayar halittar da ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar ta ya haifar da karuwar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ta hanyar toshe Dkk-1, mun saki birki na jijiyoyi, sake saita aikin a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar sararin samaniya zuwa matakin da aka lura a cikin dabbobin matasa, in ji Dokta Martin-Villalba.
Ana samun sel mai tushe na jijiyoyi a cikin hippocampus kuma suna da alhakin samuwar sabbin jijiya. Ƙayyadaddun kwayoyin halitta a kusa da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta suna ƙayyade manufarsu: za su iya zama marasa aiki, sabunta kansu, ko bambanta zuwa nau'i biyu na ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa na musamman: astrocytes ko neurons. Kwayoyin siginar da ake kira Wnt yana goyan bayan samuwar sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiya, yayin da Dkk-1 ya soke aikinsa.
Hakanan duba: Kuna da kuraje? Za ku ƙara zama ƙarami!
Tsofaffin berayen da aka katange tare da Dkk-1 sun nuna kusan irin wannan aikin a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ayyukan tantancewa a matsayin ƙaramin beraye, saboda ikon sabunta su da samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwakwalwar su an kafa su a matakin halayen matasa dabbobi. A gefe guda, ƙananan mice ba tare da Dkk-1 ba sun nuna rashin ƙarfi ga ci gaba da damuwa bayan damuwa fiye da mice na shekaru guda, amma tare da kasancewar Dkk-1. Wannan yana nufin cewa ta hanyar haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin Dkk-1, kuma ba zai iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kawai ba, amma kuma yana magance damuwa.
Masana kimiyya sun ce yanzu zai zama dole a samar da jerin gwaje-gwaje don masu hana Dkk-1 na halitta da kuma samar da hanyoyin samar da magungunan da za su ba da damar amfani da su. Wadannan zasu zama kwayoyi da ke yin aiki da yawa - a gefe guda, za su magance asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da iyawar da aka sani ga tsofaffi, kuma a gefe guda, za su yi aiki a matsayin antidepressant. Saboda mahimmancin batun, mai yiwuwa zai kasance kusan shekaru 3-5 kafin magungunan Dkk-1 na farko su kasance a kasuwa.