Contents
Kamun kifi
Tarpons jinsin manyan kifi ne na ruwa wanda ya haɗa da nau'in nau'i biyu: Atlantic da Indo-Pacific. Ga masunta na Rasha, bayyanar kwalta na iya kama da manyan nau'in herring na mara kyau ko manyan idanu. Wataƙila kamanceceniya ta gaba ɗaya, amma bisa ga sifofin halittar tarpons, masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su haɗa su da wasu nau'ikan ba. Kifi yana cikin dangi na daban. Tarpons na iya kaiwa girma sosai. Nauyin wasu samfurori "ya cika" don 150 kg tare da tsawon kimanin 2.5 m. Wani muhimmin fasalin kifin shine ikon haɗiye iska daga sama a ƙarƙashin mummunan yanayi na rashin iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa. Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar sabon tsari na mafitsara na ninkaya (kifin buɗaɗɗen kumfa), wanda ke da hannu cikin tsarin musayar iskar oxygen a cikin jiki. Gabaɗaya, bayyanar tarpons ana iya ganewa sosai: babban, kai mai ƙarfi, jikin yana rufe da manyan ma'auni, jikin babba ya fi duhu, launi gaba ɗaya yana da azurfa, mai haske, na iya bambanta dangane da launi na ruwa. Tarpon ana daukarsa a matsayin tsohuwar jinsuna, an san alamun kwarangwal na sama da shekaru miliyan 125, yayin da babban fasali ya kasance ba canzawa. Mafi sau da yawa, kifi kiyaye bakin tekun tsiri na tekuna, suna da matukar kula da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa. Suna iya yin doguwar ƙaura don neman abinci. A cikin buɗaɗɗen teku, suna kiyaye zurfin har zuwa mita 15. Suna matukar sha'awar shoals iri-iri da ƙananan yankuna tare da tsibiran da bakin tekun babban yankin. Tarpon yana jure wa canje-canjen salinity na ruwa cikin sauƙi, yana shiga cikin ruwan ƙanƙara na yankin koguna na farko da koguna da kansu. An kama mafi girman kwalta a kan abin da ake so a tafkin Maracaibo a Venezuela. Ana iya tabbatar da kasancewar kwalta cikin sauƙi ta hanyar fita zuwa saman ruwa, inda yake farauta da kamawa ko sakin iska. Yana ciyar da nau'ikan kifi iri-iri, mollusks da crustaceans.
Hanyoyin kamun kifi
Tarpon abokin hamayya ne wanda ba zai iya zarce ga masu sha'awar kamun kifi ba. Kamun kifi a kai ba shi da tabbas sosai kuma yana da tausayi. An kama shi a kan ƙugiya, ya yi tsalle daga cikin ruwa, yana yin ɓarna da yawa, yana tsayayya na dogon lokaci kuma "zuwa ƙarshe". Wasu magoya baya suna da sunan "sarkin azurfa". A yankunan yawon bude ido, ba kasafai ake amfani da kwalta wajen abinci ba; su ne abin da ake kamun kifi a kan “kama da saki”. Hanyoyin kamun na gargajiya, masu son kamun kifi sune kamun ƙuda, kaɗawa da trolling.
Kama kifi akan sanda mai juyi
Lokacin zabar kayan aikin kamun kifi tare da kaɗe-kaɗe na yau da kullun, lokacin yin kamun kifi don tarpon, yana da kyau a ci gaba daga ka'idar "girman koto + girman ganima". Tarpons suna zama a cikin manyan yadudduka na ruwa, sabili da haka suna kama "simintin gyare-gyare". Don kamun kifi tare da sandunan juyi, ana amfani da baits na gargajiya: masu kamun kifi, masu tsumma, da ƙari. Reels yakamata su kasance tare da wadataccen layin kamun kifi ko igiya. Baya ga tsarin birki mara matsala, dole ne a kiyaye nada daga ruwan gishiri. A cikin nau'ikan kayan kamun kifi da yawa, ana buƙatar wayoyi da sauri sosai, wanda ke nufin babban rabon kayan aikin injin iska. Bisa ga ka'idar aiki, coils na iya zama duka biyu masu yawa kuma marasa aiki. Sabili da haka, an zaɓi sandunan dangane da tsarin reel. Zaɓin sanduna yana da bambanci sosai, a halin yanzu, masana'antun suna ba da adadi mai yawa na "blanks" na musamman don yanayin kamun kifi iri-iri da nau'ikan koto. Lokacin kamun kifi tare da kifin ruwa mai jujjuyawa, dabarun kamun kifi na da matukar muhimmanci. Don zaɓar madaidaicin wayoyi, ya zama dole a tuntuɓi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru ko jagorori. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi yanke daidai.
Tarpon trolling
Don kama su, kuna buƙatar mafi girman maganin kamun kifi. Tushen teku wata hanya ce ta kamun kifi tare da taimakon abin hawa mai motsi, kamar jirgin ruwa ko jirgin ruwa. Don kamun kifi a sararin samaniyar teku da teku, ana amfani da jiragen ruwa na musamman sanye da na'urori masu yawa. Manyan su ne masu rike da sanda, bugu da kari, jiragen ruwa suna sanye da kujeru don wasan kifaye, teburi don yin koto, masu sautin sauti mai ƙarfi da ƙari. Hakanan ana amfani da sanduna na musamman, waɗanda aka yi da fiberglass da sauran polymers tare da kayan aiki na musamman. Ana amfani da coils mai yawa, matsakaicin iya aiki. Na'urar trolling reels tana ƙarƙashin babban ra'ayin irin wannan kayan - ƙarfi. Ana auna layin mono-line, mai kauri har zuwa mm 4 ko sama da haka, tare da irin wannan kamun, cikin kilomita. Akwai na'urori masu yawa da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su dangane da yanayin kamun kifi: don zurfafa kayan aiki, don sanya koto a wurin kamun kifi, don haɗa koto, da sauransu, gami da abubuwa da yawa na kayan aiki. Trolling, musamman lokacin farautar kattai na teku, nau'in kamun kifi ne na rukuni. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana amfani da sanduna da yawa. A cikin yanayin cizo, haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar yana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar kamawa. Kafin tafiya, yana da kyau a gano ka'idodin kamun kifi a yankin. A mafi yawan lokuta, ƙwararrun jagororin ke yin kamun kifi waɗanda ke da cikakken alhakin taron. Yana da kyau a lura cewa neman ganima a cikin teku ko a cikin teku na iya haɗawa da sa'o'i da yawa na jiran cizo, wani lokacin ba a yi nasara ba.
tashi kamun kifi
Kamun kifin tashi don tarpon wani nau'in kamun kifi ne na musamman. Don wannan, har ma da kayan aiki da kayan aiki na musamman ana samar da su tare da ƙwarewa don irin wannan nau'in kifi. A cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, zaku iya samun hotuna masu ban sha'awa na kamun kifi don tarpon. A mafi yawan lokuta, kafin tafiya yana da daraja bayyana girman yiwuwar kofuna. A matsayinka na mai mulki, idan zaka iya kama manyan kifi, ya kamata ka zabi kayan aikin kamun kifi mafi karfi. Yaƙin tarpon yana buƙatar fasaha na musamman da juriya. Maimakon haka, ana amfani da manyan baits, don haka, ana amfani da igiyoyi masu daraja, har zuwa 11-12th, daidaitattun sandunan ruwa na hannun daya da kuma reels na volumetric, wanda aka sanya aƙalla 200 m na goyon baya mai ƙarfi. Kar ka manta cewa za a fallasa maganin a cikin ruwan gishiri. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga coils da igiyoyi. Lokacin zabar nada, ya kamata ku ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ƙirar tsarin birki. Rikicin rikice-rikice dole ne ba kawai abin dogaro ba ne kawai, amma kuma an kiyaye shi daga ruwan gishiri. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, kifi yana da hankali sosai har ma da jin kunya. A lokacin kamun kifi, babban adadin taro yana yiwuwa, don haka ana buƙatar fasaha mai girma lokacin haɗawa da wasa.
Batsa
Ana ɗaukar Wobblers a matsayin mafi inganci koto don kaɗa. Ba mummuna tarpon yana amsawa daban-daban, baits silicone masu haske da masu juyawa. Ga duk kifayen ruwa, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙugiya masu ƙarfi, marasa ƙarfi da na'urorin ƙarfe. Game da tarpons, saboda yanayin yanayi na musamman da tsarin jaws, wajibi ne a yi amfani da ƙugiya masu kaifi da ƙarfi, ko guda ɗaya ko sau uku. Hakanan ya shafi ƙwararrun kamun kifi. Lokacin kamun kifi a wurare marasa zurfi, ana amfani da kwaikwayi iri-iri na kaguwa, crustaceans da sauran mazaunan ruwan ƙasa. Lokacin yin koyi da kifi, ana amfani da kayan kyalli daban-daban, kayan translucent. Don kama kwalta, ana amfani da bats na sama, kamar poppers.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
Babban yanki na rarraba tarpons shine ruwan Tekun Atlantika kuma, a wani bangare, tekunan Indiya. A cikin Tekun Pasifik, tarpon ba su da yawa. Indo-Pacific tarpon ya yi ƙasa da takwaransa na Atlantic. A cikin ruwan tekun Pasifik, ana samun kwalta daga gabar tekun China zuwa Ostiraliya, ciki har da gabar tekun nahiyar Kudancin Amurka. An san mafi girman yawan kifin nan a yammacin yankin Tekun Atlantika. Kodayake ana samun su a gabar tekun Afirka. Akwai sanannun lokuta na kama taprons a cikin ruwan Portugal da Azores. Iyakar arewa ta isa Nova Scotia, kuma iyakar kudu ta isa Argentina. Ainihin, garken kwalta na manne a gabar tekun, wasu mafarauta ana kama su a cikin yankunan estuarine na kogunan, wani lokacin ana fahimtar kwalta, a cikin manyan koguna, da nisa daga sama.
Ciyarwa
Tarpons suna da girman fecundity sosai. Cikakke da shekaru 6-7. Lokacin haifuwa ya bambanta da yanki. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa rarraba kifin yana kama duka hemispheres, an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar yanayin yanayi. A cikin yankin Caribbean, waɗannan su ne lokacin rani da watanni na bazara da ke halayyar yankin arewa, a cikin yankunan kudancin duniya, watannin da suka dace da bazara da rani a wannan yanki. Wasu masanan ichthyologists suna da'awar cewa tarpons suna haifuwa a cikin shekara, sau da yawa, kuma haifuwa yana da alaƙa da hawan wata. Spawning da ci gaban ƙwai yana faruwa a cikin saman yadudduka na ruwa a cikin yankin bakin teku na tekuna. Ci gaba da sake zagayowar ci gaban tsutsa, leptocephali, yana da rikitarwa kuma yana wucewa ta matakai da yawa.