"Sweden ba ta da shara!"
"'Yan Scandinavia suna shirye su shigo da sharar makwabta!"
A 'yan watannin da suka gabata, tabloids a duniya sun barke a cikin labaran irin wannan. Mutanen Sweden sun girgiza duniyar. A wannan lokacin, ba tare da nasara a Eurovision ko gasar cin kofin duniya ta Ice Hockey ba, amma tare da kyakkyawan hali ga yanayin mutum. Ya zama cewa sun haɗa abin da ba zai yiwu ba: sun tsaftace muhalli kuma sun sami kuɗi a kai! Amma wannan shine daidai yadda yakamata ya kasance a cikin karni na XNUMX. Mu duba sosai.
Sirrin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin sarrafa lissafi na sharar gida na kowane nau'in, waɗanda aka tattara a hankali kuma an raba su. Babban abin da kasar ke da shi shi ne yawan ilimi da tarbiyyar al'umma. Tsawon rabin karni, 'yan Scandinavia sun kafa fahimtar rashin ƙarfi na yanayi da kuma mummunar tasirin mutum. Sakamakon haka a yau:
Kowane iyali yana da buckets 6-7, kowannensu an ƙera shi sosai don wani nau'in sharar gida (karfe, takarda, filastik, gilashi, kuma akwai kuma kwandon shara wanda ba za a iya sake yin amfani da shi ba);
· kusan babu wuraren zubar da shara, kuma wadanda aka adana sun mamaye wani yanki kadan;
Sharar gida ta zama mai.
A wani lokaci, shekaru masu yawa na motsi na ci gaba ya ba da sakamako mai ma'ana: kowane ɗan makaranta a Sweden ya san cewa daga kwalban ruwan ma'adinai na fanko za su yi sabon kwalban sau 7 a cikin aikin sake yin amfani da su. Sannan kuma robobin da aka sharar ya tafi tashar wutar lantarki kuma ana juyar da shi zuwa awanni kilowatt. Stockholm a yau an samar da kashi 45% da wutar lantarki daga sharar da aka sake yin fa'ida.
Don haka yana da kyau a tattara datti daban-daban da a watsar da shi a kusa da ku. Me kuke tunani?
A makarantar kindergarten, ana koyar da yara ta hanyar wasa don zubar da shara daidai. Sa'an nan kuma an bayyana wannan "wasan" daga ma'anar kimiyya. Sakamakon shine tituna masu tsabta, kyawawan yanayi da kyakkyawan yanayin muhalli.
An ƙirƙiri babbar hanyar sadarwa ta tashoshin sake amfani da sharar a Sweden. Su na musamman ne kuma ana samun su ga duk mazauna. Isar da sharar gida ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar jigilar kayayyaki da aka tanadar don takamaiman kaya. A cikin 1961, an ƙaddamar da wani aiki na musamman a Sweden - tashar jirgin sama na karkashin kasa don jigilar datti. Sau ɗaya a rana, dattin da aka watsar, ƙarƙashin tasirin iska mai ƙarfi, yana motsawa ta tsarin ramuka zuwa tashar sake yin amfani da su. Anan ana tacewa, danna kuma ko dai a zubar da shi ko sake sake yin fa'ida.
Ana kai manyan datti (TV, kayan gini, kayan daki) zuwa tashar, inda aka jera su, an jera su a hankali cikin sassa. Masu kera suna siyan waɗannan sassa kuma suna samar da sabbin talabijin, kayan gini da kayan daki.
Haka kuma zo da sinadarai. Gidan sake amfani da sinadarai na gida yana raba abubuwan kuma a tura su gaba - ko dai don sake yin amfani da su ko don samarwa na biyu. Tashoshin muhalli na musamman don tara man da aka yi amfani da su da sauran sinadarai suna aiki a gidajen mai. Wuraren tattara shara suna cikin nisan tafiya. Ana sanya manyan tashoshi a ƙimar 1 tasha a cikin mazaunan 10-15 dubu. Ayyukan duk tashoshin sarrafawa kyauta ne ga jama'a. Wannan wani shiri ne na ci gaba na jama'a na dogon lokaci wanda gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke tallafawa.
"Rushewa" shine sunan da aka ba da shirin rushewa a Sweden. An tarwatsa tsohon gidan zuwa sassa, waɗanda ake kai su zuwa masana'antar sarrafa. Don haka, daga kayan gini da aka yi amfani da su, ana samun sababbi waɗanda suka cika cikakkiyar ƙa'idodin inganci.
Swedes suna ƙarfafa tarin sharar gida a cikin "ruble" (kambi, Yuro - wannan ba shi da mahimmanci kuma). Ko da a cikin ƙaramin ƙauye, za ku iya ganin na'ura na musamman wanda za ku iya sanya kwalban filastik kuma nan da nan "canza" shi zuwa kudi mai wuya. A gaskiya ma, kuna dawo da kuɗin da masana'anta suka haɗa a cikin farashin samfurin don akwati - kuna kashewa kawai akan samfurin kanta. Mai haske, ko ba haka ba?
Manufar muhalli 15 na Sweden
1999 Gwamnatin kasar arewa ta yi amfani da jerin sunayen maki 15 da aka tsara domin tabbatar da tsafta da sada zumunci ga jama'a.
1. Tsaftace iska
2. Babban ingancin ruwa na ƙasa
3. Tafkuna masu dorewa da tashoshi
4. Halitta yanayin dausayi
5. Daidaitaccen muhallin ruwa
6. Dorewa yankunan bakin teku da tsibirai
7. Babu eutrophication, kawai halitta hadawan abu da iskar shaka
8. Wadata da bambancin daji
9. Filin noma mai karko
10. Majestic dutse yankuna
11. Kyakkyawan muhallin birni
12. Mahalli mara guba
13. Tsaron Radiation
14. Layer ozone mai kariya
15. Rage tasirin yanayi
Manufar ita ce a kammala lissafin nan da 2020. Shin kun yi jerin abubuwan da za ku yi don nan gaba? Shin kun san ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ke yin irin waɗannan jerin wa kansu?
Gabatar da sabbin hanyoyin fasaha na zamani a duk matakan tattarawa, rarrabawa da sarrafa sharar gida ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Sweden ta dogara da karɓar sharar yau da kullun. Gidajen jama'a suna dumama ta hanyar ƙona sharar gida kamar yadda tsarin makamashi ke gudana akan wannan nau'in mai (har zuwa babba). An yi sa'a, maƙwabta sun bayyana niyyar su don taimakawa - Norway a shirye take ta samar da datti har ton dubu 800 a kowace shekara.
Tsire-tsire masu ƙona sharar sun sami raguwar adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa waɗanda ke shiga cikin yanayi (har zuwa 1%). Matsayin yanayin muhalli na irin wannan tsarin don tsara rayuwar al'umma ba shi da yawa.
Kuma a yanzu kalmomin Firayim Ministan Sweden Stefan Loffen, wanda ya bayyana a Geassembly na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ba su da kyau a yanzu. Loffen ya ce kasarsa na son zama kasa ta farko a duniya da ta kawar da albarkatun mai.
Nan da shekara ta 2020, an shirya jigilar jigilar jama'a na birane zuwa motocin da ke aiki da iskar gas da ake samarwa daga shara da sharar masana'antar abinci.
Tarayyar Rasha: kusan tan miliyan 60 na sharar gida a kowace shekara. 400 kg ga kowane mazaunin kasar. A cewar Avfall Sverige, a shekarar 2015 kowane dan kasar Sweden ya samar da datti mai nauyin kilogiram 478. A jimilce, ana samar da datti fiye da tan miliyan 4 duk shekara a kasar.
Matsayin sarrafawa shine 7-8%. Ana adana kashi 90% na datti a wuraren budadden shara. Masana cikin gida sun yi nazarin kwarewar Sweden (a hanya, ƙasar tana gayyatar masana daga ko'ina cikin duniya kuma a shirye take don raba fasahohinta da gogewarta a cikin sharar gida) kuma an fara gano motsin sake amfani da sharar gida.
Dangane da sabbin bayanai a Sweden, yanayin datti ya kasance kamar haka:
sake yin fa'ida - 50,6%,
ƙonewa don samar da makamashi - 48,6%,
yana aika zuwa wuraren da aka kwashe - 0,8%.
Kusan tan miliyan 2 na shararsu ana kona su duk shekara. A cikin 2015, Sweden ta shigo da kuma sarrafa tan miliyan 1,3 na sharar gida daga Burtaniya, Ireland da Norway.
Sharar gida sifili shine taken mu. Za mu fi son samar da ƙarancin sharar gida, da sake amfani da duk sharar da ake samu ta wata hanya ko wata. Babu iyaka ga kamala, kuma muna sha'awar wannan tsari."
Wannan wata sanarwa ce daga shugaban kungiyar sharar gida da sake amfani da su, Wayne Wykvist.
Mutanen Sweden sun buɗe duniyar almarar kimiyya. Sun kusanci batun ilimin halittu tare da dukkan alhakin, hade ilimin al'umma, fasahar masana'antu da nasarorin kimiyya zuwa karfi guda. Don haka sun share kasarsu daga shara - kuma yanzu suna taimakon wasu. Wani kasuwanci, wani shawara. Har sai kowane mutum ya fahimci rawar da yake takawa a cikin haɓakar wuraren zubar da ƙasa, za mu kalli mutanen Scandinavian ne kawai kuma mu yaba su.