Daidaitaccen karkata a cikin Excel

Ma'anar lissafi ɗaya ce daga cikin shahararrun hanyoyin ƙididdiga waɗanda ake ƙididdige su a ko'ina. Amma a cikin kanta ba abin dogaro bane kwata-kwata. Mutane da yawa sun san cewa mutum ɗaya yana cin kabeji, ɗayan nama, kuma a matsakaici duka biyun suna cin naman kabeji. A kan misalin matsakaicin albashi, yana da sauƙin kwatanta wannan. Kadan cikin ɗari na mutanen da ke samun miliyoyi ba za su yi tasiri sosai ga kididdigar ba, amma za su iya ɓata haƙƙin sa sosai, suna ƙima da ƙima da adadin da yawa.

Ƙananan yadawa tsakanin dabi'u, mafi yawan za ku iya amincewa da wannan ƙididdiga. Don haka, ana ba da shawarar mai ƙarfi koyaushe a ƙididdige madaidaicin karkata tare da ma'anar lissafi. A yau za mu gano yadda ake yin shi daidai ta amfani da Microsoft Excel.

Standard sabawa - abin da shi ne

Ma'auni (ko ma'auni) sabawa shine tushen murabba'in bambance-bambancen. Bi da bi, kalmar ƙarshe tana nufin matakin tarwatsa dabi'u. Don samun bambance-bambancen, kuma, a sakamakon haka, abin da ya samo asali a cikin nau'i na ma'auni, akwai wani tsari na musamman, wanda, duk da haka, ba shi da mahimmanci a gare mu. Yana da matukar rikitarwa a tsarinsa, amma a lokaci guda ana iya sarrafa shi ta atomatik ta amfani da Excel. Babban abu shine sanin menene sigogi don wucewa zuwa aikin. Gabaɗaya, duka don ƙididdige bambance-bambancen da ma'auni, mahawara iri ɗaya ne.

1. Da farko muna samun ma'anar lissafi.
2. Bayan haka, ana kwatanta kowane ƙimar farko tare da matsakaici kuma an ƙayyade bambanci tsakanin su.
3. Bayan haka, kowane bambanci yana tasowa zuwa ƙarfin na biyu, bayan haka an ƙara sakamakon sakamakon tare.
4. A ƙarshe, mataki na ƙarshe yana rarraba ƙimar da aka samu ta jimlar adadin abubuwa a cikin samfurin da aka ba.

Bayan mun sami bambanci tsakanin ƙima ɗaya da ma'anar lissafin duka samfurin, zamu iya gano nisa zuwa gare shi daga wani wuri akan layin daidaitawa. Don mafari, duk dabaru a bayyane suke har zuwa mataki na uku. Me yasa ya daidaita darajar? Gaskiyar ita ce, wani lokacin bambanci na iya zama mara kyau, kuma muna buƙatar samun lamba mai kyau. Kuma, kamar yadda kuka sani, raguwar lokutan ragi yana ba da ƙari. Sannan muna buƙatar tantance ma'anar lissafi na ƙimar da aka samu. Watsewar yana da kaddarorin da yawa:

1. Idan kun sami bambance-bambance daga lamba ɗaya, to koyaushe zai zama sifili.
2. Idan lambar bazuwar ta ninka ta akai-akai A, sa'an nan bambancin zai ƙaru da ma'auni na A murabba'i. A sauƙaƙe, ana iya fitar da akai-akai daga alamar watsawa kuma a ɗaga shi zuwa iko na biyu.
3. Idan aka ƙara madaidaicin A zuwa lamba ta sabani ko kuma an cire shi daga gare ta, saɓanin ba zai canza daga wannan ba.
4. Idan bazuwar lambobi biyu, waɗanda aka nuna, alal misali, ta masu canjin X da Y, ba su dogara da juna ba, to a wannan yanayin tsarin yana aiki a gare su. D(X+Y)=D(X)+D(Y)
5. Idan muka yi canje-canje ga tsarin da ya gabata kuma muka yi ƙoƙarin tantance bambance-bambancen bambanci tsakanin waɗannan dabi'u, to shi ma zai zama jimlar waɗannan bambance-bambancen.

Daidaitaccen karkatacciyar kalma kalma ce ta lissafi wacce aka samo daga tarwatsewa. Samun shi abu ne mai sauqi qwarai: kawai ɗauki tushen murabba'in bambance-bambancen.

Bambanci tsakanin bambance-bambancen da daidaitaccen karkatacciyar hanya shine kawai a cikin jirgin na raka'a, don magana. Madaidaicin karkata yana da sauƙin karantawa saboda ba a nuna shi a cikin murabba'in lamba ba, amma kai tsaye a cikin ƙima. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, idan a cikin jerin lambobi 1,2,3,4,5 ma'anar lissafin shine 3, to, bisa ga haka, daidaitattun daidaituwa zai zama lamba 1,58. Wannan yana gaya mana cewa, a matsakaita, lamba ɗaya ya ɓace daga matsakaicin adadin (wanda shine 1,58 a cikin misalinmu), ta XNUMX.

Bambancin zai zama lamba ɗaya, murabba'i kawai. A cikin misalinmu, yana da ɗan ƙasa da 2,5. A ka'ida, zaku iya amfani da duka bambance-bambancen da daidaitattun daidaituwa don ƙididdige ƙididdiga, kawai kuna buƙatar sanin ainihin abin da mai amfani ke aiki da shi.

Ƙididdiga Daidaitaccen Bambanci a cikin Excel

Muna da manyan bambance-bambancen guda biyu na dabara. An ƙididdige na farko akan yawan samfurin. Na biyu - bisa ga janar. Don ƙididdige madaidaicin sabani don yawan samfurin, kuna buƙatar amfani da aikin STDEV.V. Idan ya zama dole don aiwatar da lissafin ga yawan jama'a, to ya zama dole a yi amfani da aikin STDEV.G.

Bambanci tsakanin yawan samfurin da yawan jama'a shi ne, a cikin yanayin farko, ana sarrafa bayanan kai tsaye, a kan abin da ake ƙididdige ma'anar lissafi da daidaitattun daidaito. Idan muna magana ne game da yawan jama'a, to wannan shi ne dukkanin bayanan ƙididdiga masu dangantaka da abin da ake nazarin. Da kyau, samfurin ya kamata ya zama cikakken wakilci. Wato ya kamata binciken ya ƙunshi mutanen da za a iya danganta su da yawan jama'a daidai gwargwado. Alal misali, idan a cikin ƙasa mai sharadi kashi 50% na maza da 50% na mata, to samfurin ya kamata ya zama daidai gwargwado.

Sabili da haka, daidaitattun daidaituwa ga yawan jama'a na iya bambanta dan kadan daga samfurin, tun da yake a cikin akwati na biyu ainihin adadi ya fi ƙanƙanta. Amma gabaɗaya, duka ayyukan biyu suna aiki iri ɗaya. Yanzu za mu bayyana abin da ya kamata a yi domin a kira su. Kuma kuna iya yin ta ta hanyoyi uku.

Hanyar 1. Shigar da dabarar hannu

Shigar da hannu hanya ce mai rikitarwa, a kallon farko. Koyaya, yakamata kowa ya mallaki ta idan yana son zama ƙwararren mai amfani da Excel. Amfaninsa shine cewa ba kwa buƙatar kiran taga shigar gardama kwata-kwata. Idan kun yi aiki da kyau, zai fi sauri fiye da amfani da sauran hanyoyin biyu. Babban abu shine cewa an horar da yatsunsu. Da kyau, kowane mai amfani da Excel ya kamata ya saba da hanyar makaho don shigar da dabaru da ayyuka cikin sauri.

1. Muna yin maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu akan tantanin halitta wanda a ciki za a rubuta dabarar samun daidaitattun karkacewa. Hakanan zaka iya shigar da shi azaman hujja ga kowane ɗayan ayyukan. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar danna layin shigarwar dabara, sannan ku fara shigar da hujja inda yakamata a nuna sakamakon.
2. Tsarin tsari na gaba ɗaya shine kamar haka: =STDEV.Y (lamba1 (address_cell_1), lamba2 (address_cell_2),…). Idan muka yi amfani da zaɓi na biyu, to, duk abin da aka yi daidai da wannan hanya, kawai harafin G a cikin sunan aikin an canza zuwa B. Matsakaicin adadin da aka goyan baya shine 255.
3. Bayan shigar da dabara da aka kammala, mun tabbatar da ayyukanmu. Don yin wannan, danna maɓallin shigar.

Don haka, don ƙididdige madaidaicin karkata, muna buƙatar amfani da hujja iri ɗaya don samun ma'anar lissafi. Duk abin da shirin zai iya yi da kansa. Har ila yau, a matsayin hujja, za ka iya amfani da dukan kewayon dabi'u, bisa ga abin da lissafin daidaitattun sabawa za a yi. Yanzu bari mu dubi wasu hanyoyin da za su fi fahimta ga novice mai amfani da Excel. Amma a cikin dogon lokaci, za a buƙaci a watsar da su saboda:

1. Shigar da dabarar da hannu zai iya adana lokaci mai yawa. Mai amfani da Excel wanda ya tuna da dabara da haɗin gwiwarsa yana da fa'ida mai mahimmanci akan mutumin da yake farawa da neman aikin da ake so a cikin jerin a cikin Wizard Aiki ko a kan ribbon. Bugu da kari, shigar da madannai da kanta yana da sauri fiye da amfani da linzamin kwamfuta.
2. Kadan gaji idanu. Ba dole ba ne ka canza mayar da hankali akai-akai daga tebur zuwa taga, sannan zuwa wata taga, sannan zuwa madannai, sannan komawa teburin. Wannan kuma yana taimakawa wajen adana lokaci da ƙoƙari sosai, waɗanda za a iya kashe su don sarrafa bayanan gaske, maimakon kiyaye ƙa'idodi.
3. Shigar da ƙididdiga da hannu ya fi sauƙi fiye da amfani da hanyoyi biyu masu zuwa. Mai amfani zai iya ƙayyade sel da ake buƙata na kewayon nan da nan ba tare da zaɓar shi kai tsaye ba, ko kuma ya kalli teburin gabaɗayan lokaci ɗaya, guje wa haɗarin cewa akwatin maganganu zai toshe shi.
4. Amfani da dabara da hannu wani nau'in gada ne don rubuta macros. Tabbas, wannan ba zai taimaka muku koyon yaren VBA ba, amma yana samar da halaye masu dacewa. Idan mutum ya saba ba da umarni ga kwamfuta ta hanyar amfani da maballin, zai kasance da sauƙi a gare shi don sanin kowane yaren shirye-shirye, ciki har da haɓaka macro don maɓalli.

Amma tabbas eh. Yin amfani da wasu hanyoyin ya fi kyau idan kun kasance sababbi kuma fara farawa. Sabili da haka, mun juya zuwa la'akari da wasu hanyoyin da za a lissafta daidaitattun daidaituwa.

Hanyar 2. Formulas Tab

Wata hanyar da ake samu ga mai amfani da ke son samun daidaitaccen karkata daga kewayon ita ce amfani da shafin “Formulas” a cikin babban menu. Bari mu bayyana dalla-dalla abin da ya kamata a yi don wannan:

1. Zaɓi tantanin halitta da muke son rubuta sakamakon.
2. Bayan haka, mun sami shafin "Formulas" a kan kintinkiri kuma je zuwa gare ta.
3. Bari mu yi amfani da toshe "Library of ayyuka". Akwai maɓallin "Ƙarin Features". A cikin lissafin da zai kasance, za mu sami abu "Statistical". Bayan haka, za mu zaɓi irin dabarar da za mu yi amfani da ita.
4. Bayan haka, taga don shigar da gardama yana bayyana. A ciki, muna nuna duk lambobi, hanyoyin haɗi zuwa sel ko jeri waɗanda zasu shiga cikin lissafin. Bayan mun gama, danna maɓallin "Ok".

Amfanin wannan hanyar:

1. Gudu. Wannan hanyar tana da sauri sosai kuma tana ba ku damar shigar da tsarin da ake so a cikin dannawa kaɗan kawai.
2. Daidaito. Babu haɗarin rubuta kuskuren tantanin halitta da gangan ko rubuta wasiƙar da ba daidai ba sannan kuma bata lokaci don sake yin aiki.

Zamu iya cewa wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau ta lamba biyu bayan shigar da hannu. AMMA hanya ta uku kuma tana da amfani a wasu yanayi.

Hanyar 3: Mayen Aiki

Wizard Aiki wata hanya ce mai dacewa don shigar da dabaru don masu farawa waɗanda ba su riga sun haddace sunaye da tsarin aiki ba. Maɓallin ƙaddamar da Wizard Aiki yana kusa da layin shigar da dabara. Babban fa'idarsa ga mai farawa a kan bangon hanyoyin da suka gabata ya ta'allaka ne a cikin cikakkun bayanan shirye-shiryen, wanda aikin ke da alhakin menene kuma waɗanne muhawara zasu shiga cikin wane tsari. Haruffa biyu ne - fx. Mu danna shi.

Bayan haka, jerin ayyuka zasu bayyana. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin nemo shi a cikin cikakken jerin haruffa, ko kuma buɗe nau'in "Statistical", inda zaku iya samun wannan ma'aikacin.

Za mu iya gani a cikin lissafin cewa aikin STDEV har yanzu yana nan. Ana yin wannan don sanya tsoffin fayiloli su dace da sabon sigar Excel. Koyaya, ana ba da shawarar ku yi amfani da sabbin fasalolin da aka jera a sama, saboda a wani lokaci wannan fasalin da aka yanke na iya daina tallafawa.

Bayan mun danna Ok, za mu sami zaɓi don buɗe taga gardama. Kowace gardama lamba ɗaya ce, adireshi kowane tantanin halitta (idan ya ƙunshi ƙima na lamba), ko jeri na ƙimar da za a yi amfani da su don ma'anar lissafi da daidaitaccen karkata. Bayan shigar da duk gardama, danna maɓallin "Ok". Za a shigar da bayanan a cikin tantanin halitta wanda muka shigar da dabarar.

Kammalawa

Don haka, ba shi da wahala a lissafta ma'auni ta amfani da Excel. Kuma aikin da kansa shine tushen ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, wanda yake da hankali. Bayan haka, a bayyane yake cewa ba kawai matsakaicin ƙima yana da mahimmanci ba, har ma da yaduwar dabi'u daga abin da ma'anar lissafin ke samo asali. Bayan haka, idan rabin mutane ne masu arziki, rabi kuma talakawa ne, to a gaskiya ba za a sami matsakaita ba. Amma a lokaci guda, idan muka yi la'akari da ma'anar ƙididdiga, ya zama cewa matsakaicin ɗan ƙasa wakilci ne kawai na masu matsakaici. Amma yana sauti, aƙalla, m. Gabaɗaya, sa'a tare da wannan fasalin.