Medulla oblongata, wanda kuma ake kira elongated medulla, wani bangare ne na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, na cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ayyukan rayuwa.

Matsayi. Medulla oblongata yana haifar da ƙananan ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Ƙarshen ya samo asali ne a ƙarƙashin kwakwalwa a cikin akwati na cranial kuma ya wuce ta cikin gandun daji na occipital don shiga ɓangaren sama na canal na kashin baya, inda za a fadada shi ta hanyar kashin baya (1). Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta ƙunshi sassa uku: tsakiyar kwakwalwa, gada da medulla oblongata. Ƙarshen ta haka yana tsakanin gada da kashin baya.

Tsarin ciki. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ciki har da medulla oblongata, ta ƙunshi wani abu mai launin toka wanda ke kewaye da wani farin abu. A cikin wannan farin al'amari, akwai kuma launin toka nuclei wanda 10 daga cikin 12 na cranial jijiyoyi ke fitowa (2). Daga cikin na ƙarshe, jijiyoyi na trigeminal, jijiyoyi masu banƙyama, jijiyoyi na fuska, jijiyoyi na vestibulocochlear, jijiyoyi na glossopharyngeal, jijiyoyi na vagus, jijiyoyi masu haɗi da jijiyoyi na hypoglossal suna fitowa gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare daga medulla oblongata. Hakanan ana samun sauran abubuwan motsa jiki da zaruruwan jijiyoyi a cikin tsarin medulla oblongata a cikin sigar protrusions kamar pyramids ko zaitun (2).

Tsarin waje. A baya na medulla oblongata da gada suna samar da bangon gaba na ventricle na hudu, wani rami wanda ruwa na cerebrospinal ke kewayawa.

Wucewa na mota da hanyoyin azanci. Medulla oblongata ya ƙunshi yanki na wucewa don yawancin motoci da hanyoyin azanci.

Cibiyar zuciya ta zuciya. Medulla oblongata yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita tsarin zuciya. Yana daidaita mita da ƙarfi na ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya. Hakanan yana daidaita hawan jini ta hanyar tasiri diamita na tasoshin jini (2).

Cibiyar numfashi. Medulla oblongata yana farawa kuma yana daidaita saurin numfashi da girma (2).

Sauran ayyuka na medulla oblongata. Wasu ayyuka suna da alaƙa da medulla oblongata kamar haɗiye, salivation, hiccups, amai, tari ko atishawa (2).

Bulbar ciwo Yana nufin daban-daban pathologies shafi medulla oblongata. Suna iya zama na degenerative, jijiyoyin jini ko asalin ƙari.

Dama. An bayyana haɗarin cerebrovascular, ko bugun jini, ta hanyar toshewa, irin su samuwar ɗigon jini ko fashewar jijiyar jini.3 Wannan yanayin zai iya rinjayar ayyukan medulla oblongata.

Tashin rauni. Ya yi daidai da girgiza kan kwanyar wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa. (4)

Kwayoyin Parkinson. Ya dace da cututtukan neurodegenerative, alamun bayyanar su ne musamman rawar jiki a hutawa, ko ragewa da raguwa a cikin kewayon motsi. (5)

mahara sclerosis. Wannan ilimin cuta cuta ce ta autoimmune na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kai hari ga myelin, garkuwar da ke kewaye da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki, yana haifar da halayen kumburi. (6)

Ciwon daji na medulla oblongata. Ciwace-ciwacen ciwace ko ciwace-ciwace na iya tasowa a cikin medulla oblongata. (7)

Thrombolyse. An yi amfani da shi a bugun jini, wannan maganin ya ƙunshi wargajewar thrombi, ko ɗigon jini, tare da taimakon magunguna.

Drug jiyya. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya ba da magunguna daban-daban kamar su magungunan ƙin kumburi.

Jiyya na tiyata. Dangane da nau'in cutar da aka gano, ana iya yin aikin tiyata.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Dangane da matakin tumor, waɗannan jiyya na iya wajabtawa.

Nazarin jiki. Na farko, ana yin gwajin asibiti don lura da tantance alamun da mai haƙuri ya gane.

Gwajin hoton likita. Don tantance lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ana iya yin gwajin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta kwakwalwa da kashin baya ko kuma MRI na kwakwalwa.

biopsy. Wannan jarrabawar ta ƙunshi samfurin sel.

Lumbar dam. Wannan jarrabawar tana ba da damar nazarin ruwan cerebrospinal.

Thomas Willis wani likitan Ingilishi ne wanda ake ɗauka ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na ilimin jijiyoyi. Ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko da ya gabatar da kwatancin kwakwalwa, musamman ta hanyar rubutunsa anatome na kwakwalwa. (8)