Alamu da alamun cizon kaska a cikin mutane, me za a yi?

Kwayoyin tsotsar jini – masu yuwuwar masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta na wasu cututtuka masu haɗari ga mutane. Shahararriyar kamuwa da wannan rukuni a Rasha ita ce ƙwayar cuta ta tick-borne. Har ila yau, masu haɗari sun haɗa da borreliosis (cututtukan Lyme), ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis da wasu cututtuka masu yawa waɗanda kaska ke yadawa.

! A kowace shekara, kusan 400 na Rasha suna zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya don cizon kaska, kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na waɗanda abin ya shafa yara ne 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 14. Ba a san adadin cizon kaska nawa 'yan kasarmu ke samu a lokacin balaguron balaguro ba.

Matsakaicin adadin suctions an rajista a cikin Siberian, Volga da Ural gundumomin tarayya, mafi ƙanƙanta - a cikin Kudancin Caucasus ta Kudu da Arewa.

Harin ticks yana da yanayin yanayi. Halin farko na cizo - farkon bazara tare da matsakaicin yanayin ƙasa na yau da kullun sama da 0,3⁰C, na ƙarshe - kaka mai zurfi. Matsakaicin adadin cizon kaska ya faɗi akan lokacin daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa rabin farkon bazara.

Ticks sune yuwuwar jigilar guda ɗaya, kuma wani lokacin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Don haka, jigilar kwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya mai ɗaukar hoto ne, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu ko fiye suna haɗuwa da juna. A cikin yankuna masu yawan jama'a, ticks sune masu ɗaukar nauyi:

• mono-cututtuka - a cikin 10-20% na lokuta;

• gauraye cututtuka - a cikin 7-15% na lokuta.

Yaya kaska yayi kama?

An haɗa kaska zuwa jikin mutum tare da taimakon hypostome. Wannan haɓakar da ba a haɗa su ba yana aiwatar da ayyukan gaɓoɓin hankali, haɗewa da tsotsar jini. Mafi kyawun wuri don kaska ya manne wa mutum daga ƙasa zuwa sama:

• yankin makwancin gwari;

• ciki da ƙananan baya;

• kirji, armpits, wuyansa;

• yankin kunne.

A lokacin cizon, a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙwayar kaska da microtrauma, kumburi da rashin lafiyar gida suna tasowa akan fata. Wurin tsotsa ba shi da zafi, yana bayyana ta hanyar jajayen siffa mai zagaye.

Wurin cizon kaska a cikin cutar Lyme (borreliosis) ya dubi halayen - a cikin nau'i na musamman na erythema, wanda ya karu zuwa 10-20 cm a diamita (wani lokacin har zuwa 60 cm). Siffar tabo tana zagaye, m, wani lokacin rashin daidaituwa. Bayan wani lokaci, iyakar waje mai tsayi mai tsananin launin ja ta fito tare da kwane-kwane. Cibiyar erythema ta zama cyanotic ko fari. Washegari, wurin ya yi kama da donut, ɓawon burodi da tabo. Bayan makonni biyu, tabon yana ɓacewa ba tare da wata alama ba.

Bidiyo: cizon kaska, me za a yi? Kulawar gaggawa:

Taimakon farko don cizon kaska

Dole ne a taimaki wanda aka azabtar ya cire kaska, sanya shi a cikin akwati da aka rufe kuma a sanya hannu kan lakabin da ke tare da samfurin kwayoyin halitta.

Tsotsar kaska yana haifar da amsawar rashin lafiyar jiki, wani lokacin a cikin nau'in edema na Quincke.

Alamun kumburin Quincke na tasowa cikin 'yan mintuna ko sa'o'i a cikin nau'i na:

• kumburin fatar ido, lebe da sauran sassan fuska;

• ciwon tsoka;

• wahalar numfashi.

Wannan alama ce mai haɗari mai haɗari na rashin lafiyar jiki, ya kamata ku kira motar asibiti nan da nan kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin taimakawa wanda aka azabtar kafin likitocin su isa.

A gida, zaka iya yin haka:

• ba da ɗaya daga cikin magungunan antihistamines;

• ba da damar samun iska mai kyau;

Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da matakan warkewa don yiwuwar cututtuka a cikin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.

Ina zan je don cizon kaska?

Wajibi ne don aiwatar da algorithm na ayyuka masu zuwa:

1. cire kaska mai makale;

2. kai shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka yarda don gano masu kamuwa da cuta ta PCR (duba ƙasa don adireshin);

3. ba da gudummawar jini (idan ya cancanta) don gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga ELISA a cikin ƙwayar ɗan adam (bayanan da ke ƙasa).

4. yi wani hanya na magani bisa ga sakamakon gwajin gwaje-gwaje da alamun asibiti.

1. Cire kaska mai makale

Tsotsar kaska yana faruwa ne bayan gyara shi a jikin mutum. Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar daga mintuna da yawa zuwa sa'o'i da yawa. Ciwon jini yana daga awa biyu zuwa kwanaki da yawa. Tsotsawa ba ya yiwuwa ga ɗan adam, kuma kaska da aka rigaya ya bugu da jini yana da zagaye da launin toka.

Dole ne a cire kaska da aka tsotse cikin gaggawa, amma a hankali! Wajibi ne a kare cikinsa daga lalacewa da zub da jini na hemolymph da jinin mutum. Hannun hannu da rauni a wurin cizon ya kamata a bi da su tare da maganin da ke dauke da barasa (vodka, maganin barasa na aidin ko kore mai haske).

Cire kaska tare da ingantattun hanyoyin:

1. Jefa zare a cikin nau'i na madauki a kusa da proboscis (kusa da fata), ƙarfafa kuma a hankali cire shi tare da motsi masu motsi. Maimakon zaren, zaka iya amfani da kusoshi, ashana biyu da sauran abubuwa masu dacewa.

2. Sanya kaska a cikin jakar filastik, ɗaure wuyansa.

3. Sa hannu kan alamar fakitin (nuna kwanan wata, lokaci, wurin ganowa, cikakken sunan mutumin da aka cire alamar daga gare shi, lambobin sadarwa don samun bayanai game da kamuwa da kaska).

Cire kaska tare da kayan aiki na musamman:

1. Yi amfani da tweezers na likita (manicure) ko na'urori (Tick Twister, Tick Nipper, Pro tick remedy, Trix, Tricked off, wasu);

2. Sanya kaska a cikin akwati mai hana iska (kwalban magani, alal misali);

3. Sa hannu kan lakabin kan akwati (duba sama).

2. Ɗauki tikitin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da shi

Ana gudanar da bincike kyauta, amma yana da mahimmanci a fayyace wannan bayanin. Nazarin PCR bisa shirye-shiryen kayan bincike AmpliSens TBEV (encephalitis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis), mai rarraba InterLabService LLC. Muna buƙatar sanin lokacin da sakamakon zai kasance a shirye. Yawanci rana ɗaya ko washegari.

3. Ba da gudummawar jini don gano ƙwayoyin cuta

A cikin kwanaki 10 bayan cizon kaska, bisa shawarar likita, wani lokaci ya zama dole a ba da gudummawar jini don gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin mutane don kamuwa da cututtukan da kaska ke ɗauka. Don bincike, ana amfani da tsarin gwajin "VektoVKE -IgG-strip" JSC "Vector-Best". Lokacin nazari: 2 hours 30 minutes.

4. Gudanar da rigakafi kamar yadda likita ya ba da shawarar

Dangane da sakamakon bincike kan kaska ta PCR da / ko maganin jini don ELISA, dangane da shawarwarin likita, ana aiwatar da takamaiman rigakafin rigakafi.

• An biya gabatarwar immunoglobulin ɗan adam akan ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska!

• Ana gudanar da Gamma globulin kyauta ga wasu nau'ikan 'yan ƙasa kuma bisa tsarin VHI a ƙarƙashin tsarin kula da ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska (tabbatar da tuntuɓar cibiyar kiwon lafiya da aka ƙayyade a cikin kwangilar cikin kwanaki 4 bayan cizon).

Lokacin da takamaiman magani zai yiwu, lokacin, yawan adadin gudanarwar globulin ya kamata a gano daga likitan halartar. Adireshin ma'anar kulawar likita don encephalitis an nuna:

• a cikin manufofin DMS;

• akan tsayawa a dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Rigakafin cizo da sauran shawarwari

Yiwuwar harin kaska a kan mutum ya dogara da:

• epidemiological jin dadin yankin zama;

• sana'ar da ke da alaƙa da yawan zama a cikin gandun daji, filin;

• yuwuwar ziyartar wuraren da ba su da kyau ta fuskar cututtukan da ke haifar da kaska.

Rigakafin illar da ke tattare da cizon kaska yana dogara ne akan:

• allurar rigakafi, amma wannan ma'aunin rigakafi ne; lokacin da mutum ya kamu da cutar, ba za a iya amfani da shi ba;

• takamaiman immunotherapy wani ma'auni ne na warkewa (gudanar da immunoglobulin kawai idan akwai kamuwa da cuta ko wanda ake zargi da kamuwa da cuta bayan cizo);

• inshorar lafiya don biyan yiwuwar magani;

• yin amfani da tufafi na musamman da na'urori don hana kaska daga shiga jiki;

• yin amfani da magunguna, lalata kaska;

• iyakance adadin kaska a cikin biotopes, wuraren da mutane zasu iya zama.

Shawarwari don zaɓar maganin rigakafi

Alurar riga kafi yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, ana nunawa ga duk mutanen da ke zaune a yankuna marasa galihu, da kuma mutanen da ke da alaƙa da ƙwararrun daji (masu aikin hako, masu ilimin geologists, masu binciken, gandun daji). Idan ana so, ana iya ba da rigakafin ga duk wanda ke sha'awar shi, in babu contraindications.

Alurar riga kafi na farko yana yiwuwa daga farkon shekara ta rayuwar yaro, sannan a kowane zamani. Ana iya yiwa manya allurar rigakafin gida da na waje, yara sun fi na shigo da su. A cikin Rasha, ana samun bambance-bambancen rigakafin guda shida daga masana'antun guda huɗu daga Rasha, Jamus da Switzerland.

Alurar riga-kafi da aka haifa a cikin Rasha:

• An ba da shawarar maganin rigakafin da ba a kunna ba don amfani daga shekaru uku zuwa sama;

• Encevir (EnceVir), Rasha, wanda aka nuna tun yana da shekaru goma sha takwas zuwa sama.

Alurar riga kafi daga cutar kwakwalwar kaska da aka samar a Switzerland:

• FSME-Immun Junior (FSME-Immun Junior), wanda aka nuna daga shekara ɗaya zuwa shekaru goma sha shida;

• FSM-Immun Inject (FSME-Immun Inject), alamomi iri ɗaya ne.

Alurar riga kafi daga cutar kwakwalwar kaska da aka samar a Jamus:

• Encepur Yara, wanda aka nuna daga watanni goma sha biyu zuwa shekaru goma sha ɗaya;

• Babban Encepur (Babban Encepur), wanda aka nuna daga shekaru goma sha biyu zuwa sama.

Shirye-shiryen rigakafi guda biyu: prophylactic da gaggawa:

• Rigakafin rigakafi yana ba da kariya daga ticks a cikin shekara ta farko, da kuma bayan sakewa - a cikin shekaru uku. Ana sake yin allurar rigakafi duk bayan shekaru uku.

• Alurar rigakafin gaggawa yana ba da ɗan gajeren sakamako na kariya. Nunawa - tafiye-tafiye na gaggawa zuwa yankunan da ba su da kyau ga encephalitis.

Ana yin allurar rigakafi bayan binciken farko na mai haƙuri don rashin lafiyan halayen, gwajin asibiti, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Mutanen da ke da matsalar lafiya ba a yarda a yi musu allurar. Akwai contraindications da hane-hane.

A Rasha, an samar da "Human Immunoglobulin Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis", wanda FSUE NPO "Microgen" ya samar. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya ƙunshi shirye-sanya antibodies zuwa hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri encephalitis. Ana gudanar da shi a cikin tsoka don manufar magani, yawanci bayan kamuwa da cuta ko kuma a hadarin kamuwa da cuta. Ana iya samun allurai da mitar gudanarwa daga likitan ku.

Shawarwari don inshora na farashi masu alaƙa da maganin ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska

Yana da kyau a ba da shawarar inshora azaman ƙari ga allurar rigakafi ko a matsayin ma'auni kawai idan akwai rashin yiwuwar rigakafin. Inshora daga kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska ana aiwatar da shi azaman ɓangare na VHI – inshorar likita na son rai. An yi niyyar biyan kuɗin ne don ramawa mai tsadar magani na ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska da sauran cututtuka makamantansu. Lokacin zabar shirin inshora da kamfanin inshora, kuna buƙatar kula da:

• samuwan izini don aiwatar da VHI ta masu inshorar;

• farashin sabis na VHI da kuma suna na insured;

• samuwar takaddun don haƙƙin bayar da kulawar likita da rigakafi ko yarjejeniya tare da mutumin da aka ba da izini don ba da irin wannan taimako a madadin mai inshora;

• Samun layin waya kyauta na sa'o'i XNUMX don shawarwarin gaggawa.

Nasihu don hana harin kaska

Je zuwa daji ko bayan gari, zaɓi tufafin da suka dace cikin launuka masu haske:

• rigar anti-encephalitis;

• jaket (shirt) tare da dogon hannun riga da cuffs da wando a cikin safa;

• kaho wanda ya dace da kai kuma yana kare wuyansa.

Kowace sa'a kana buƙatar bincika tufafi daga ƙasa zuwa kaska. Ana ba da shawarar duba jiki kowane sa'o'i biyu, da farko ƙwanƙwasa, wuyansa, makwancin gwaiwa, ƙirji da kai. Yana da kyau a guje wa ko rage girman ciyawa a gefen dajin, tare da hanyoyi.

Ana samun na'urori daban-daban na kasuwanci don hana kaska shiga jiki a cikin nau'in gidan sauro da ke dauke da maganin kwari, takalma na musamman, tufafi, da dai sauransu.

Acaricides (lalata ticks) - suna da tasirin lamba kawai. Ya kamata a yi amfani da su na musamman don sarrafa masana'anta na tufafin waje da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na yankuna da wurare!

A kan sayarwa za ku iya samun acaricides da aka ba da shawarar yin amfani da fata. Amma ya kamata a yi amfani da su a hankali - allergies, guba mai yiwuwa.

Shawarwari don lalata kaska a cikin biotopes da wuraren da mutane za su kasance

Don hana yaduwar ticks, ya kamata a kai a kai:

• yanka ciyawa a wurin (kass suna kula da wanda aka azabtar a cikin ciyawa, yawanci a tsayin 0,6 m, matsakaicin tsayi shine mita 1,5; a cikin yanayin yunwa, ticks suna rayuwa daga shekaru biyu zuwa hudu, a cewar wasu. tushe har zuwa shekaru bakwai; haɓaka daga kwai zuwa manya - imago yana ɗaukar shekaru biyu zuwa uku ko fiye);

• shrubs mai tsabta, cire ganye da suka fadi (mites sun rasa danshi a cikin rana, kuma suna mayar da ma'auni a cikin matsuguni masu ruwa);

• lalata ƙananan rodents - rundunonin kaska (zazzagewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dabbobin daji - mayar da hankali na yanayi na kamuwa da cuta);

• don kula da wuraren yiwuwar tattara ticks (ticks na tsakiyar yankin suna motsawa cikin mita 5-10, na kudu - har zuwa mita 100, suna daidaita kansu tare da taimakon masu karɓa, mai da hankali kan hanyoyi, gefuna na gandun daji - a wuraren da za a iya saduwa da su wanda aka azabtar).

Maganin rigakafin mite bisa sanin ilimin halitta na mite yana da tasiri idan ana yin shi kowace shekara. A cikin yankuna da yawa akwai kungiyoyi da ke aiwatar da desacarization, lalatawa, sarrafa kwari, aiwatar da kayan aiki don yankan ciyawa, sinadarai don maganin kaska.