Shin zan sha maganin rigakafi don mura da mura?

Duk wani ƙwararren likita da ya kammala karatun digiri yana da cikakken sani game da gaskiyar cewa maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na mura da mura ba su da ma'ana kwata-kwata. Likitoci na gida da likitocin da ke aiki a asibitoci sun san da haka. Duk da haka, an rubuta maganin rigakafi, kuma sau da yawa ana yin haka a matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi. Bayan haka, majinyacin da ya koma wurin likita yana tsammanin magani daga gare shi.

Idan ka tambayi likita ko za a sha maganin rigakafi don mura da mura, to, amsar za ta zama mara kyau. Duk maganin ARVI yana zuwa ne kawai don shan ruwa mai yawa, hutun gado, shan bitamin, abinci mai kyau, tsaftace hanci, gargling, inhalation da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ba a buƙatar magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma sau da yawa mai haƙuri da kansa ya nace a kansu, a zahiri yana tambayar likita don alƙawari.

A cikin aikin yara, ana yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari sau da yawa don manufar sake dawowa, don kada cutar ta kwayan cuta ta faru a kan tushen kamuwa da cuta. Sabili da haka, likita ya ba da shawarar magani mai mahimmanci ga iyaye, yana kiran shi maganin rigakafi na "yara", don kare kansu daga tambayoyin da ba dole ba. Duk da haka, ana iya guje wa matsalolin kawai ta hanyar ba wa yaron abin sha a cikin lokaci, daskare iskar da yake shaka, wanke hanci da kuma amfani da wasu magunguna masu alama. Jiki, tare da irin wannan isasshen tallafi, zai magance cutar da kansa.

Tambayar ita ce ta halitta game da dalilin da yasa har yanzu likitan yara ya rubuta maganin rigakafi don mura da SARS. Gaskiyar ita ce, haɗarin rikitarwa na mura da mura a cikin masu zuwa makaranta yana da yawa sosai. Kariyar garkuwar jikinsu ba ta cika ba, kuma sau da yawa rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin yanayin muhalli, da dai sauransu kan yi lahani ga lafiyarsu. Don haka, idan wata matsala ta taso, likita ne kawai zai yi laifi. Shi ne za a tuhume shi da rashin iya aiki, hatta tuhuma da rasa aiki ba a cire shi ba. Wannan shine abin da ke jagorantar likitocin yara da yawa don ba da shawarar maganin rigakafi a lokuta inda za'a iya raba su.

Alamun nadin maganin rigakafi shine ƙarin kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta, wanda ke da rikitarwa na mura da mura. Wannan na faruwa ne lokacin da jiki ya kasa yakar cutar da kanshi.

Ko yana yiwuwa a fahimta a karkashin nazari, menene maganin rigakafi ya zama dole?

Yana da, ba shakka, yana yiwuwa a fahimta daga nazarin cewa ana buƙatar maganin rigakafi.

Duk da haka, ba a yin su a kowane hali:

• Tarin fitsari ko sputum don al'ada gwaji ne mai tsada, wanda masanan polyclinic ke neman adana kasafin kuɗin da ake samu;

• Mafi sau da yawa, ana ɗaukar wani shafa mai daga kogon hanci da pharynx tare da gano ciwon makogwaro. Ana ɗaukar swab akan sandar Lefler, wanda shine dalilin ci gaban diphtheria. Har ila yau, likitoci za su iya tura majiyyaci don ɗaukar swab daga tonsils don al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta idan majiyyacin yana fama da ciwon tonsillitis na yau da kullum. Wani bincike na yau da kullum shine al'adun fitsari na zaɓi don cututtuka na tsarin urinary;

• Haɓakawa a cikin ESR da matakin leukocytes, da kuma motsi a cikin tsarin leukocyte zuwa hagu, alamar kai tsaye ce cewa kumburi na kwayan cuta yana faruwa a cikin jiki. Kuna iya ganin wannan hoton ta hanyar gwajin jini na asibiti.

Yadda za a gane ta hanyar jin dadi cewa rikitarwa sun taso?

Wani lokaci har ma za ka iya gane cewa rikitarwar ƙwayoyin cuta ta taso da kanka.

Wannan za a nuna ta da wadannan alamomi:

• Sirrin da ke rabu da gabobin ENT ko idanu ya zama gajimare, ya zama rawaya ko kore. A al'ada, fitarwa ya kamata ya kasance a bayyane;

• Da farko akwai haɓakawa, sannan yanayin zafi ya sake tashi. Tsalle na biyu a cikin zafin jiki bai kamata a yi watsi da shi ba;

• Idan kwayoyin cuta sun afkawa tsarin fitsari, to fitsarin ya zama gizagizai, za a iya samun ruwa a ciki;

• Idan kamuwa da kwayar cutar bakteriya ya shafi hanji, to, kusoshi ko mugu zai kasance a cikin stool. Wani lokaci ma ana samun dattin jini, dangane da tsananin cutar.

Dangane da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na numfashi, ƙari na ƙwayoyin cuta ana iya zargin su da alamun masu zuwa:

• A bayan bayanan sanyi da aka riga aka gano, an sami karuwar zafin jiki, wanda ya fara raguwa a rana ta 3-4, amma sai ya sake tsalle zuwa manyan matakan. Mafi sau da yawa wannan yana faruwa a ranar 5th-6th na rashin lafiya, kuma yanayin lafiyar gabaɗaya ya sake lalacewa sosai. Tari ya zama mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin numfashi yana faruwa, zafi a cikin kirji ya bayyana. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan yanayin yana nuna ci gaban ciwon huhu. Duba kuma: alamun ciwon huhu;

• Diphtheria da tonsillitis suma rikice-rikice ne na SARS. Kuna iya zargin farkon su da ciwon makogwaro, wanda ke faruwa a kan bangon ƙara yawan zafin jiki, wani nau'i na plaque a kan tonsils. Wani lokaci akwai canje-canje a cikin nodes na lymph - suna karuwa da girma kuma suna jin zafi;

• Fitarwa daga kunne da bayyanar zafi da ke ƙaruwa lokacin da aka danna tragus alamun bayyanar cututtuka na otitis, wanda sau da yawa yakan tasowa a cikin yara ƙanana;

• Idan ciwon ya kasance a cikin yanki na gaba, a cikin fuska, muryar ta zama hanci kuma an lura da rhinitis, to, ya kamata a cire sinusitis ko sinusitis. Irin wannan alamar a matsayin karuwar zafi lokacin da aka karkatar da kai gaba kuma asarar wari na iya tabbatar da zato.

Idan ana zargin rikice-rikice na kwayan cuta, yana yiwuwa sosai saboda alamun cutar da tabarbarewar jin daɗi, to, ƙwararren ƙwararren ne kawai zai iya zaɓar takamaiman wakili na antibacterial.

Abubuwa da yawa ne suka yi tasiri ga wannan, ciki har da:

• Localization na kumburi;

• Shekarun marasa lafiya;

• Tarihin likita;

• Rashin haƙuri ga wani magani na musamman;

• Juriya na pathogen zuwa kwayoyin cutar antibacterial.

Lokacin da ba a nuna maganin rigakafi don mura ko SARS marasa rikitarwa ba?

• Rhinitis tare da purulent-mucous fitarwa, wanda bai wuce makonni 2 ba;

• Viral conjunctivitis;

• Tonsillitis na asali na kwayar cuta;

• Rhinopharyngitis;

• Tracheitis da mashako mai laushi ba tare da yawan zafin jiki ba;

• Ci gaban kamuwa da cutar herpetic;

• Kumburi na makogwaro.

Yaushe ne zai yiwu a yi amfani da maganin rigakafi don cututtukan cututtuka na numfashi marasa rikitarwa?

• Idan akwai damuwa a cikin aikin kariya na rigakafi, kamar yadda aka nuna ta takamaiman alamun. Waɗannan su ne yanayi irin su HIV, ciwon daji, yawan zafin jiki akai-akai (zazzabi subfebrile), cututtuka na kwayar cutar da ke faruwa fiye da sau biyar a shekara, cututtuka na haihuwa a cikin tsarin rigakafi.

• Cututtuka na tsarin hematopoietic: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.

• Idan muna magana ne game da yaro har zuwa watanni shida, to, za a ba da shawarar yin amfani da maganin rigakafi a kan tushen rickets, tare da rashin nauyin jiki da kuma rashin daidaituwa daban-daban.

Alamu don nada maganin rigakafi

Alamun nadin maganin rigakafi sune:

• Angina, yanayin ƙwayar cuta wanda gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje ya tabbatar. Mafi sau da yawa, ana gudanar da magani tare da amfani da kwayoyi daga rukunin macrolides ko penicillins. Duba kuma: maganin rigakafi don angina ga babba;

• Bronchitis a cikin m mataki, laryngotracheitis, koma baya na kullum mashako, bronchiectasis bukatar shan maganin rigakafi daga macrolide kungiyar, misali, Macropen. Don kawar da ciwon huhu, ana buƙatar x-ray na kirji don tabbatar da ciwon huhu;

• Shan magungunan kashe qwari, ziyartar likitan fiɗa da likitan jini yana buƙatar cuta kamar purulent lymphadenitis;

• Shawarar likitancin otolaryngologist game da zaɓin magunguna daga rukunin cephalosporins ko macrolides zai zama dole ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtukan otitis a cikin matsanancin mataki. Likitan ENT kuma yana kula da cututtuka irin su sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sinusitis, wanda ke buƙatar nada isasshen maganin rigakafi. Yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da irin wannan rikitarwa ta gwajin X-ray;

• Ana ba da magani tare da penicillins don ciwon huhu. A lokaci guda, mafi tsananin kulawa da farfadowa da tabbatar da ganewar asali tare da taimakon hoton X-ray ya zama dole.

Mahimmanci sosai dangane da rashin isassun magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta, wani binciken da aka gudanar a daya daga cikin asibitocin yara. Don haka, nazarin bayanan likitanci na yara 420 na shekarun farko na makarantar sakandare ya nuna cewa kashi 89% daga cikinsu suna da ARVI ko cututtuka masu tsanani na numfashi, 16% suna da mashako mai tsanani, 3% otitis media, 1% ciwon huhu da sauran cututtuka. A lokaci guda, an wajabta maganin rigakafi a cikin kashi 80% na lokuta don kamuwa da cututtukan hoto, da mashako da ciwon huhu a cikin 100% na lokuta.

An gano cewa likitocin yara suna sane da cewa ba za a iya magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta ba, amma har yanzu suna rubuta maganin rigakafi saboda dalilai kamar:

• Jagoran shigarwa;

• Yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru 3;

• Bukatar hana rikitarwa;

• Rashin sha'awar ziyartar yara a gida.

A lokaci guda kuma, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da maganin rigakafi na tsawon kwanaki 5 kuma a cikin ƙananan allurai, kuma wannan yana da haɗari dangane da ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta. Bugu da ƙari, babu sakamakon gwajin, don haka ba a san ko wane nau'in cutar ba ne ya haifar da cutar.

A halin yanzu, a cikin kashi 90% na lokuta, ƙwayoyin cuta sune sanadin rashin lafiya. Amma game da cututtuka na kwayan cuta, an fi tsokanar su da pneumococci (40%), Haemophilus mura (15%), staphylococci da mycotic kwayoyin (10%). Kwayoyin halitta irin su mycoplasmas da chlamydia ba safai suke ba da gudummawar ci gaban cutar ba.

Kuna iya ɗaukar kowane magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta kawai bayan shawarwarin likita. Likita ne kawai zai iya tantance dacewa da alƙawarinsu bayan tattara anamnesis, la'akari da shekarun haƙuri da tsananin cutar.

Kuna iya amfani da magungunan antibacterial masu zuwa:

• Shirye-shiryen jerin penicillin. Semi-synthetic penicillins ana bada shawarar idan babu allergies zuwa gare su. Yana iya wanke Amoxicillin da Flemoxin Solutab. Idan cutar ta yi tsanani, to, masana sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da penicillins masu kariya, misali, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Flemoclav, Ecoclave. A cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, an ƙara amoxicillin tare da clavulanic acid;

• maganin macrolide ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon huhu da cututtukan numfashi da chlamydia da mycoplasmas ke haifarwa. Wannan shine Azithromycin (Zetamax, Sumamed, Zitrolid, Hemomycin, Azitrox, Zi-factor). Tare da mashako, nadin Macropen yana yiwuwa;

• Daga magungunan cephalosporin yana yiwuwa a rubuta Cefixime (Lupin, Suprax, Pantsef, Ixim), Cefuroxime (Zinnat, Aksetin, Zinacef), da dai sauransu;

• Daga jerin fluoroquinolone rubuta kwayoyi Levofloxacin (Floracid, Glevo, Hailefloks, Tavanik, Flexid) da Moxifloxacin (Moksimak, Pleviloks, Aveloks). Yara a cikin wannan rukunin magungunan ba a taɓa rubuta su ba saboda gaskiyar cewa kwarangwal ɗin har yanzu ana yin su. Bugu da ƙari, fluoroquinolones kwayoyi ne waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin lokuta masu tsanani musamman, kuma suna wakiltar ajiyar wuri wanda ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na yaro ba zai iya jurewa ba.

Babban ƙarshe

• Yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don sanyi wanda ke da asalin kwayar cutar ba wai kawai mara amfani ba ne, har ma yana da illa. Ana buƙatar su don magance ciwon ƙwayar cuta.

• Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da fa'idodi masu yawa na sakamako masu illa: suna iya cutar da aikin hanta da kodan mara kyau, na iya haifar da haɓakar allergies, suna da tasiri mai ban tsoro akan tsarin rigakafi, kuma suna rushe microflora na al'ada a cikin jiki.

• Don dalilai na rigakafi, yin amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ba shi da karɓa. Yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu akan yanayin majiyyaci kuma a rubuta maganin rigakafi kawai idan matsalar ƙwayoyin cuta ta faru.

• Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da tasiri idan zafin jiki bai ragu ba bayan kwanaki 3 daga farkon gwamnatinsa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a maye gurbin kayan aiki.

• Sau da yawa mutum yana shan maganin rigakafi, da sauri ƙwayoyin cuta za su haɓaka juriya da su. Bayan haka, wannan zai buƙaci alƙawarin magungunan ƙwayoyi masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke da tasiri ba kawai a kan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, har ma a jikin mai haƙuri da kansa.