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Duk game da herring na teku
Akwai nau'ikan kifi da yawa, waɗanda a cikin Rashanci ake kira herring. Bugu da kari, a gaskiya, teku herring, sun hada da ruwan sha, anadromous, Semi-anadromous jinsunan, duka alaka da kuma ba alaka da herring iyali. Ciki har da wasu nau'ikan whitefish da cyprinids. A ilimin kimiyya, herrings babban rukuni ne na kifaye waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri galibi. An bayyana nau'in ruwa mai laushi ko anadromous a cikin wani sashe na daban, yayin da herring na teku (Clupea) wani nau'in kifaye ne daban-daban da ke zaune a arewa kuma, zuwa wani lokaci, kudancin kudanci. Bugu da ƙari, wasu nau'o'in jinsin da ke da alaƙa (kimanin 12), ciki har da fiye da nau'in 40, suna zaune a cikin ruwan teku. Bayyanar herrings ana iya ganewa sosai, jiki ne mai ƙarfi wanda aka matsa daga tarnaƙi, ƙanƙara mai ƙima. Baki yana da matsakaici, hakora a kan jaws yawanci ba su nan. Baya yana da duhu, an rufe jiki da ma'auni mai sauƙi. Kasancewar mafitsara mai ninkaya, tare da tsarin buɗe ido, yana nuna cewa herring kifi ne na pelargic wanda zai iya rayuwa a zurfin daban-daban. Herring shine nau'in matsakaici, yawancin mutane suna girma sama da 35-45 cm. An yi imanin cewa kifi suna iya ciyar da wani muhimmin sashi na rayuwarsu a zurfin. Hanyar rayuwa tana da rikitarwa, nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in halitta) yana da yawan jama’a da ke yin hijira mai tsawo, yayin da wasu na iya zama a kusa da gabar tekun haihuwa duk rayuwarsu ko kuma ba za su taba barin wurin shiryayye ba. Wasu ƙungiyoyi suna rayuwa a cikin tafkuna ko tafkuna masu rufewa. A lokaci guda kuma, wasu manyan garken kifi iri ɗaya suna ƙaura don neman abinci kuma a lokaci-lokaci suna fitowa daga bakin tekun “kamar ba inda suke.” Kifi yana cin abinci a zooplankton, don neman abin da suke motsawa cikin yadudduka na ruwa daban-daban. Babban herrings na teku sun haɗa da nau'ikan uku: Atlantic, Eastern da Chilean. Ya kamata a ambata a nan cewa sanannen "Ivasi herring" ba herring ba ne daga ma'anar kimiyya, shi ne sardine mai nisa. Sardines kuma kifaye ne na dangin herring, amma na wata jinsin daban.
Hanyoyin kamun kifi
Duk da cewa yawancin mutane suna danganta herring da kamun kifi tare da tarkacen masana'antu da tarunanoni, kamun kifi na nishaɗi kuma na iya zama abin burgewa sosai. Ganin cewa herring shine babban abinci ga yawancin kifin teku masu yawa, ana iya kama wannan kifi ba kawai don "sha'awar wasanni", amma har ma don koto. Shahararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwanƙwasa iri-iri iri-iri ne na sanduna masu ƙugiya masu yawa tare da "gudu mai gudu", waɗanda ke amfani da kullun wucin gadi da na halitta. A lokacin "motsin kifin" suna kama duk wani kayan aiki wanda zai iya yin kwaikwayi na babban abinci ko matsakaita na dabi'a.
Kama herring a kan "azzalumi", "Bishiyar Kirsimeti"
Kamun kifi don "zalunci", duk da sunan, wanda yake a fili daga asalin Rasha, ya yadu sosai kuma ana amfani dashi a duk faɗin duniya. Akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance na gida, amma ka'idar kamun kifi iri ɗaya ce a ko'ina. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa babban bambanci tsakanin rigs yana da alaƙa da girman ganima. Da farko, ba a ba da amfani da kowane sanduna ba. An raunata wasu adadin igiya akan reel na sifar da ba ta dace ba, dangane da zurfin kamun kifi, wannan na iya kaiwa mita ɗari da yawa. An daidaita madaidaicin madaidaicin nauyi har zuwa 400 g a ƙarshen, wani lokacin tare da madauki a ƙasa don tabbatar da ƙarin leash. Ana gyara leashes akan igiya, galibi, a cikin adadin kusan guda 10-15. Ana iya yin jagora daga kayan aiki dangane da kamawar da aka yi niyya. Zai iya zama ko dai monofilament ko kayan gubar ƙarfe ko waya. Ya kamata a fayyace cewa kifin teku ba shi da ƙarancin "finicky" zuwa kauri daga cikin kayan, don haka zaka iya amfani da monofilaments masu kauri (0.5-0.6 mm). Game da sassan ƙarfe na kayan aiki, musamman ma ƙugiya, yana da kyau a tuna cewa dole ne a rufe su tare da maganin lalata, saboda ruwan teku yana lalata karafa da sauri. A cikin sigar "classic", "mai zalunci" an sanye shi da baits tare da gashin fuka-fukan da aka haɗe, zaren woolen ko sassa na kayan haɗin gwiwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa, bugu da ƙari ƙayyadaddun beads, beads, da dai sauransu don kamun kifi. A cikin nau'ikan zamani, lokacin da ake haɗa sassan kayan aiki, ana amfani da daban-daban swivels, zobba, da sauransu. Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin juzu'in, amma yana iya cutar da ƙarfin sa. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da abin dogara, kayan aiki masu tsada. A kan jiragen ruwa na musamman don kamun kifi akan na'urori na musamman na kan-jirgin "za a iya samar da na'urorin reling. Wannan yana da amfani sosai lokacin kamun kifi a zurfin zurfi. Idan kamun kifi ya faru daga kankara ko jirgin ruwa a kan ƙananan ƙananan layi, to, reels na yau da kullum sun isa, wanda zai iya zama gajeren sanduna. Lokacin amfani da sandunan gefe tare da zoben kayan aiki ko gajerun sandunan jujjuyawar teku, ana samun matsala, akan duk na'urorin ƙugiya masu yawa, tare da jujjuyawar na'urar yayin wasan kifin. Lokacin kama kananan kifi, ana magance wannan matsala ta hanyar amfani da sanduna tare da zoben kayan aiki na tsawon 6-7 m, kuma lokacin kama manyan kifi, ta hanyar iyakance adadin leashes "aiki". A kowane hali, lokacin da ake shirya maganin kamun kifi, babban leitmotif ya kamata ya zama dacewa da sauƙi yayin kamun kifi. "Samodur" kuma ana kiranta kayan aiki da yawa ta amfani da bututun ƙarfe na halitta. Ka'idar kamun kifi abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, bayan saukar da mai nutsewa a tsaye a tsaye zuwa zurfin da aka kayyade, angler yana yin takalmi na lokaci-lokaci, bisa ga ka'idar walƙiya ta tsaye. A cikin yanayin cizon aiki, wannan, wani lokacin, ba a buƙata. "Saukarwa" kifaye akan ƙugiya na iya faruwa a lokacin da rage kayan aiki ko daga filin jirgin ruwa.
Batsa
A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da "dabaru" mafi sauƙi, waɗanda aka yi daga abubuwa masu haske daban-daban, wani lokacin, a zahiri, "a kan gwiwa". A cikin zaɓi na kamun kifi tare da bats na halitta, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kifi da naman kifi, har ma da maggot, babban halayen irin wannan kullun ya kamata ya zama yanayin juriya ga cizon sau da yawa.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, herring na teku yana rayuwa a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren teku. Suna zaune a cikin yanayi mai zafi da kuma wani ɓangare na ruwan Arctic a arewacin kogin, da kuma bakin tekun Chile a kudancin. Daga bakin tekun Rasha, ana iya samun garken herring a bakin tekun Pacific, da kuma a cikin Tekun Fari da Barents, da sauransu.
Ciyarwa
Kifi yana girma a cikin shekaru 2-3, kafin a haifuwa suna taruwa cikin manyan garkuna. Spawning yana faruwa a cikin ginshiƙin ruwa a zurfin daban-daban. Caviar m yana daidaita zuwa ƙasa. Lokacin spawning ya dogara da wurin zama, sabili da haka, la'akari da dukan nau'in, zai iya faruwa kusan duk shekara. Don herring na Norwegian da Baltic, lokacin haifuwa shine bazara da bazara.