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Makaranta a shekaru 2: abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
A cikin shekaru 2, yara ba su da shiri don shiga makaranta. Yanayin liyafar, kamar yadda aka tsara su a yau, sun fi cutarwa ga kyakkyawar ci gaban tunanin tunanin ɗan adam: azuzuwan cunkoso a ƙarƙashin nauyin manya ɗaya ko biyu, farkawa rhythms -> barci, amo, rashin sarari? Duk wannan yana kunshe cikin dogon kwanaki.
Yana da shekaru 3 da yaron ya ji mafi yawan bukatar isa ga wasu. Kafin haka, yana buƙatar dangantaka ta tunani da keɓantacce tare da balagagge, mai ba da shawara ko mai ba da shawara a wurin gandun daji. Don haka ba lallai ba ne irin zamantakewar da ke cikin makaranta ba. Wannan kwanciyar hankali ne zai ba shi damar fuskantar al'umma a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi. Idan mace mai ƙauna da ƙwazo ta kula da shi, yakan halarci wurin zama a kai a kai ko kuma yana zaune a cikin iyali da ke buɗewa a waje, daidaito tsakanin buƙatun tunaninsa da buƙatun zamantakewa cikakke ne. Kuma a sa'an nan, akasin sanannen imani, makarantar ta yi alama mai zurfi, har ma ga yara da aka ajiye a cikin gandun daji. Malaman makaranta sun lura cewa wasu yara, suna girma a gida har sai sun shiga makarantar reno, wani lokaci suna daidaitawa da sauri fiye da sauran. Karɓar yaro zuwa makaranta ba ya dogara da nau'in kulawa da yara amma a kan yanayin tunaninsa da zamantakewa.
Haɗuwa da yaran kasashen waje zuwa makaranta
Wannan batu ne da kowa ya yarda a kansa. Yaran kasashen waje da baƙi, waɗanda iyayensu ba sa jin Faransanci da kyau, suna da sha'awar zuwa makarantar kindergarten da wuri. Wasu ƙwararrun, duk da haka, sun sanya shi: idan sun amfana daga kyakkyawan yanayin liyafar da kuma sassauci a cikin ƙa'idodin makaranta (> barguna,> pacifiers,> diapers), a cikin ruhin haɗa azuzuwan.
Ci gaban harshe a cikin shekaru 2
Masana dai ba su yarda ba. A cewar Alain Bentolila, farfesa a fannin ilimin harsuna a wata jami’a: “Samun harshe> ya dogara ne akan sasanci mai kyau da neman sulhu wanda yaron zai amfana. A wannan shekarun, yana buƙatar kusan alaƙar mutum ɗaya tare da babba, wanda makarantar ba ta bayar ”(Le Monde). Agnès Florin, farfesa na ilimin halin dan Adam kuma ƙwararre a cikin karatun shekaru 2, ya jaddada akasin haka cewa "Duk karatun da ake samu yana nuna fa'idar karatun kafin shekaru 3, aƙalla a cikin haɓaka harshe" (Le Monde). A ƙarshe, wannan karatun yana iya yin akasin haka idan yaron bai yi magana ba ko bayyana kansa a cikin wani yare da ba a fahimta ba yayin shiga makaranta, saboda ta hanyar rashin fahimtarsa, ana iya cire shi kuma a toshe shi. .
Koyo da ayyuka ga jarirai
Malamai a farkon kindergarten wani lokaci suna jin sun fi ciyar da lokaci don sarrafa rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun fiye da koyarwa. Tare da yara sama da 20, tsakanin yin sutura da zaman cirewa, matsaloli tare da leƙen asiri, kuka ko jin daɗi saboda gajiya, rasa masu ta'aziyya… lokacin da aka keɓe don ayyukan> duk yana raguwa. Nazarin daga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta kasa ya tabbatar da haka: sai dai ga yara na kasashen waje da yara na asali na ƙaura, amfanin yana da ƙasa sosai daga ra'ayi na nasarorin ilimi idan aka kwatanta da yaro a makaranta a 3 shekaru.
Rashin daidaiton ilimi ta hanyar shekaru
Wani rahoto na 2001 ya yi hamayya da wannan ra'ayin da aka dade ana yi. Yaran da suke zuwa makaranta suna da shekara 2 ba su yi kyau a makaranta ba fiye da waɗanda suka fara da shekaru 3. A gefe guda kuma, bambanci yana da gaske a tsakanin yaran da ke zuwa makaranta a shekara 3 da kuma masu shekaru 4.
Ilimi: ci gaban psychomotor
A cewar likitocin yara,> idan yanayi ya ba da damar yin tafiyarsa, balagaggen jijiya da ke sarrafa sphincters da ba da izini> samun tsabtar tsabta an kammala shi a cikin shekaru 3, ko da a cikin wasu yara yana iya faruwa a baya. Matsalar ita ce don yin rajista a makarantar sakandare, ana tambayar yaron a hankali ko a cikin rashin sani don hanzarta aikin tukunya. Tun daga farko, muna danganta ƙuntatawa da ilimi.
Kudin kuɗi ga iyayen farkon makaranta
Yana iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa ga wasu yaran da aka kwana a cikin creche kuma iyayensu ba su biya matsakaicin adadin ba. Ga wasu, farashin> kantin sayar da abinci, renon rana da mai renon yara (misali tsakanin 16 na yamma zuwa 30 na yamma), ko ma a ranar Laraba, na iya yin yawa, ko ma fiye, a makaranta.