Jijiyoyin saphenous suna cikin kafa kuma suna tabbatar da dawowar jinin venous. Waɗannan jijiyoyin biyu na ƙananan gabobin suna da aikin tabbatar da zagayar da zub da jini ta hanya ɗaya, a cikin hanyar hawa wanda dole ne yaƙi da nauyi. 

Babban ilimin cututtukan da ke shafar waɗannan jijiyoyin shine bayyanar jijiyoyin varicose. Duk da haka, akwai magunguna, magani na tiyata ma yana yiwuwa.

Babbar jijiyar saphenous da ƙananan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki wani ɓangare ne na abin da ake kira cibiyar jijiyoyin jini na gefe. Godiya ne ga bawulan magudanan jini waɗanda jini ke sarrafawa don zagaya kawai ta hanya ɗaya: zuwa zuciya.

Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga safina na Larabci, saphenous, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali daga kalmar Helenanci ma'ana "bayyane, bayyananne". Don haka, manyan magudanan jini guda biyu masu tsayi a kafa suna da:

• babban jijiyar saphenous (wanda kuma ake kira jijiyoyin cikin saphenous);
• ƙaramin jijiyar saphenous (wanda kuma ake kira jijiyoyin saphenous na waje). 

Dukansu ɓangarori ne na cibiyar sadarwa na jijiyoyin jini. Babban jijiyar saphenous sabili da haka ya hau zuwa makwancin gwaiwa, don shiga cikin cibiyar sadarwa mai zurfi. Amma ga ƙananan jijiyoyin saphenous, shi ma yana gudana cikin cibiyar sadarwa mai zurfi, amma a bayan gwiwa.

Cibiyoyin sadarwa guda biyu sun kasance, a zahiri, jijiyoyin ƙafar ƙasa: ɗayan yana da zurfi, ɗayan na sama, kuma duka biyun anastomosed ga juna a matakai da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana ba da waɗannan jijiyoyin gindin ƙananan ƙafa tare da bawuloli. Bawul ɗin yana da dunƙulewar membranous a cikin magudanar ruwa, anan jijiya, wanda ke hana komawar ruwa.

Aikin aikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki shine kawo jinin jinni daga ƙasa zuwa saman jiki, don haka zai iya kaiwa ga zuciya. Babbar jijiyar saphenous da ƙaramar saphenous vein suna cikin juzu'in jini. 

Hanyar jini tana hawa a matakin jijiyoyin saphenous biyu: don haka dole ne ta yi yaƙi da tasirin nauyi. Ta haka ne bawul ɗin venous yana tilasta jini ya kwarara ta hanya ɗaya: zuwa zuciya. Don haka aikin bawul ɗin shine don raba kwararar jini a cikin jijiya, don haka tabbatar da zagayawa ta hanya ɗaya. 

Babban cututtukan da zasu iya shafar jijiyoyin saphenous na ciki da na waje sune jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. A zahiri, waɗannan abubuwan da ba su dace ba suna shafar, a mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin biyu waɗanda ke kan kafa. Ana haifar da jijiyoyin varicose ta hanyar zubar da bawuloli.

Menene jijiyoyin varicose? 

Lokacin da bawulan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini suka zubo, wannan yana haifar da fadada jijiyoyin, wanda daga baya ya zama mai wahala: ana kiran su jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, ko jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Jiyoyin varicose na iya faruwa a ko'ina cikin jiki. Amma a zahiri, galibi suna shafar jijiyoyin jikin ƙananan ƙafafu (su ma sun fi yawa a cikin esophagus da canal na dubura).

Hanyoyin varicose na jijiyoyin saphenous na iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi na kwaskwarima, ko haifar da manyan matsalolin likita. Lokacin da bawuloli suka zubo, sabili da haka jini yana dawowa daga zurfin jijiyoyi zuwa jijiyoyin da ba su da kyau, waɗanda ke yin ƙasa kaɗan kuma jini yana tarawa a wurin. 

Dalilin rashin isasshen bawul na iya zama kamar haka:

• asalin haihuwa;
• danniya na injiniya (tsawan tsayi ko juna biyu), wasu sana'o'i sun fi haɗari (alal misali masu gyaran gashi ko masu siyarwa);
• tsufa.

Akwai nau'ikan jiyya da yawa don magance jijiyoyin varicose na jijiyoyin saphenous:

• Safafan matsawa: sanya wasu jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini (ko safafan matsawa) wani lokaci ana ba da shawara ga marasa lafiya da ke da alamu masu laushi, ko kuma waɗanda ba a ba da shawarar wasu jiyya ba;
• Sclerosis: ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar allurar jijiyoyin varicose tare da maganin da ke haifar da kumburi tare da dunƙulewar jini. Lokacin da yankin ya warke, sai ya samar da tabo wanda zai toshe jijiya;
• Rikicin rediyo: rufewa mai ƙarewa ta hanyar rediyo ya ƙunshi amfani da kuzarin rediyo don zafi jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini da rufe su;
• Laser: rufewar laser ya ƙunshi amfani da wannan laser don rufe jijiyoyin jini;
• Tsiri: wannan tiyata ce. Ya ƙunshi shigar da sanda mai sassauci a cikin jijiyoyin varicose, sannan cire shi ta hanyar cire jijiya. Don haka yana da nufin cire jijiyoyin varicose kai tsaye, da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki masu ciwo.

Rashin ƙarancin jijiyoyin jini na yau da kullun yana shafar tsakanin 11 zuwa 24% na yawan jama'a a cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu da kashi 5% kawai a Afirka da 1% a Indiya. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura cewa yana shafar mata uku ga namiji daya. Mai haƙuri gabaɗaya yana tuntuɓar babban likitansa, saboda alamar aiki, sha'awar kyakkyawa ko jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, da wuya edema. A zahiri, ya juya cewa 70% na marasa lafiya waɗanda ke tuntuɓar farko a kan dalilan rashin isasshen jini sun fara fama da nauyi a ƙafafunsu (bisa ga binciken Faransa da aka gudanar akan marasa lafiya sama da 3 a matsakaicin shekaru 500).

Ainihin gwajin likita

Wannan tambayar za ta ba da damar gano cikin marassa lafiyar jiyyarsa, rashin lafiyar sa, tarihin likitancin sa musamman tiyata, ko karaya da filasta, kuma a ƙarshe tarihin cutar thromboembolic, a cikin sa ko a cikin dangin sa.

Bugu da ƙari, babban likitan zai tantance abubuwan haɗarin don ƙarancin ƙarancin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ya haɗa da:

• gado;
• shekaru;
• jinsi;
• yawan ciki ga mace;
• nauyi da tsawo;
• rashin aiki na jiki;
• motsa jiki.

Binciken asibiti mai zurfi

Ya ƙunshi lura da mai haƙuri wanda ke tsaye a kan wani ɗan tsani na phlebology. Ƙananan ƙafafunsa ba su da ƙima, ba tare da bandeji ko takura ba.

Yaya jarrabawar take?

Ana yin jarrabawar daga kasa zuwa sama, daga yatsun kafa zuwa kugu, gabobi daya bayan daya cikin annashuwar tsoka. Mai haƙuri ya kamata ya juya. An ci gaba da wannan jarrabawar tare da mai haƙuri kwance, wannan lokacin akan teburin jarrabawa (dole ne hasken ya kasance mai inganci). Lallai ya zama dole a hango tasoshin. Kulawa yana dagewa a saman ƙafar kuma a ƙarƙashin cinya saboda jijiyoyin varicose na farko da ake gani, galibi, suna gabatar da farko a matakin gwiwa. Sannan ana iya ɗaukar duban dan tayi na wajibi.

Hakanan ya zama dole likita ya sani cewa yana da kyau, a gaban manyan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, don nemo abubuwan haɗari don bayyanar cututtukan ulcers.

Waɗannan abubuwan haɗari sune:

• kiba;
• iyaka dorsiflexion idon kafa;
• taba;
• wani labari na zurfin jijiyoyin jini thrombosis;
• corona phlebectatica (ko fadada ƙananan jijiyoyin subcutaneous a gefen ciki na ƙafa);
• canji a cikin fata na kafa (kamar kasancewar eczema).

Tarihin yaduwar jini yana da yawa ga masanin kimiyyar ƙarni na XNUMX^e William Harvey, wanda hakika ya gano kuma ya bayyana shi. Amma, kamar kowane binciken kimiyya, ya dogara ne akan ilimin da aka samu, aka tambaya, aka tara shi tsawon shekaru.

Ainihin wakilcin farko da aka gano na zuciya shine zanen dutse wanda ya fara daga zamanin Magdalenian (kusan - 18 zuwa - 000 shekaru BC), a cikin kogon El Pindal (Asturias): hakika, zuciya tana can. fentin a kan mammoth kamar jan faci a siffar zuciyar katin wasa. Bayan shekaru, Assuriyawa za su danganta hankali da ƙwaƙwalwa ga zuciya. Sannan, a cikin 12 BC, a tsohuwar Masar, bugun bugun ya zama ruwan dare. Sannan an bayyana zuciya a matsayin cibiyar tasoshin.

Hippocrates (460 - 377 BC) ya kwatanta zuciya daidai. Halinsa na ilimin lissafi ya kasance, duk da haka, ba daidai ba ne: a gare shi, atria tana jan iska, ventricle na dama yana tura jini a cikin huhun huhu don ciyar da huhu, ventricle na hagu ya ƙunshi iska kawai. Bayan dabaru da yawa na jere, zai zama dole a jira XVI^e karni, a Italiya, don André Césalpin ya zama farkon wanda ya gane da'irar jini. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, ana tunanin motsi na jini yana gudana da gudana. Yana da Césalpin wanda ya kaddara manufar zagayawa, wanda kuma shine farkon wanda yayi amfani da kalmar.

A ƙarshe, William Harvey (1578-1657) da aikinsa Nazarin Anatomical na motsi na zuciya da jini a cikin dabbobi zai kawo sauyi akan ka'idar zagayawa da jini. Don haka, ya rubuta: "Duk inda jini yake, hanyarsa koyaushe tana kasancewa iri ɗaya, ko dai a cikin jijiyoyi ko a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Daga arterioles, ruwan yana shiga cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, kuma ƙarfin zuciya ya isa don aiwatar da wannan canjin.»

Bugu da ƙari, Harvey ya nuna cewa bawulan jijiyoyin suna da aikin sauƙaƙe dawowar jini zuwa zuciya. Wannan ka'idar juyin juya halin tana adawa da masu hamayya. Koyaya, Louis XIV ya yi nasarar sanya shi musamman ta hanyar mai shiga tsakani na likitansa Dionis.