Salmon (Kifi na Atlantic): bayanin kifin, inda yake zaune, abin da yake ci, tsawon lokacin da yake rayuwa

Salmon kuma ana kiransa salmon mai daraja na Atlantic. An ba da sunan "salmon" ga wannan kifi ta hanyar Pomors, kuma 'yan Norway masu tasowa sun inganta irin wannan sunan a Turai.

Salmon kifi: bayanin

Salmon (Salmo salar) yana da sha'awa ta musamman ga masunta. Kifi na Atlantika nasa ne na kifin ray-finned kuma yana wakiltar jinsin "salmon" da iyali "salmon". Masana kimiyya, a sakamakon gudanar da bincike na nazarin halittu na salmon na Amurka da na Turai, sun yanke shawarar cewa waɗannan nau'o'in nau'i ne daban-daban kuma sun gano su, bi da bi, "S. Salar americanus" da "S. salati". Bugu da ƙari, akwai irin wannan abu kamar kifi kifi mai ƙaura da kuma tafki (maganin ruwa). An yi la'akari da salmon lake a baya a matsayin nau'i daban, kuma a zamaninmu an sanya shi zuwa wani nau'i na musamman - "Salmo slar morpha sebago".

Girma da bayyanar

Dukkan wakilan salmon suna bambanta ta hanyar babban baki, yayin da babban muƙamuƙi ya wuce tsinkayen idanu. Tsofaffin mutum, da ƙarfin haƙoransu. Maza da suka balaga cikin jima'i suna da ƙugiya mai haske a ƙarshen muƙamuƙi na ƙasa, wanda ke shiga cikin baƙin ciki na muƙamuƙi na sama. Jikin kifin yana da tsayi kuma ɗan matse shi a gefe, yayin da aka rufe shi da ƙananan ma'auni masu launin azurfa. Ba sa manne da jiki da ƙarfi da sauƙi bare. Suna da siffar zagaye da gefuna marasa daidaituwa. A kan layi na gefe, za ku iya ƙidaya har zuwa ma'auni 150 ko kadan kadan. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashin ƙugu suna samuwa daga haskoki fiye da 6. Suna cikin tsakiyar jiki, kuma ɓangarorin pectoral suna nesa da tsakiyar layi.

Yana da muhimmanci a sani! Gaskiyar cewa wannan kifin shine wakilin dangin "salmon" za a iya gane shi ta hanyar karamin adipose fin, wanda ke bayan ƙwanƙwasa dorsal. Ƙarfin wutsiya yana da ƙaramin daraja.

Cikin kifin kifi fari ne, gefuna suna da azurfa, bayan kuma shuɗi ne ko kore mai sheki. An fara daga layi na gefe kuma kusa da baya, yawancin baƙar fata masu yawa ana iya gani a jiki. A lokaci guda, babu tabo a ƙasan layin gefe.

Matasan kifin Atlantika ana bambanta su da takamaiman launi: akan bangon duhu, zaku iya ganin har zuwa tabo 12 a cikin jiki. Kafin haifuwa, maza suna canza launinsu sosai kuma suna da ja ko tabo orange, a kan bangon launin tagulla, kuma fins suna samun ƙarin inuwa mai bambanta. A lokacin haifuwa ne ƙananan muƙamuƙi ke tsawaita a cikin maza kuma fitowar mai siffar ƙugiya ta bayyana akansa.

A cikin yanayin wadataccen abinci, daidaikun mutane na iya girma zuwa tsayin mita ɗaya da rabi kuma suna auna kusan kilo 50. A lokaci guda, girman salmon na tafkin na iya bambanta a cikin koguna daban-daban. A wasu koguna, suna samun nauyi fiye da kilogiram 5, a wasu kuma, kusan kilogiram 9.

A cikin basins na White da Barents Seas, ana samun duka manyan wakilan wannan iyali da kuma ƙananan, wanda ya kai kilogiram 2 kuma bai wuce mita 0,5 ba.

Rayuwa, hali

A cewar masana, yana da kyau a danganta salmon zuwa nau'ikan anadromous waɗanda ke iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai laushi da gishiri. A cikin ruwa mai gishiri na tekuna da tekuna, kifi kifi na Atlantika yana kitso, yana farautar kananan kifi da crustaceans iri-iri. A wannan lokacin, akwai ci gaban aiki na mutane, yayin da kifin yana ƙaruwa da girman 20 cm a kowace shekara.

Matasa suna cikin teku da teku kusan shekaru 3, har sai sun kai ga balaga. A lokaci guda, sun fi son zama a cikin yankin bakin teku, a zurfin da bai wuce mita 120 ba. Kafin haifuwa, mutanen da ke shirye don haifuwa suna zuwa bakin kogunan, bayan sun tashi zuwa sama, suna cin nasara a kowace rana har zuwa kilomita 50.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Daga cikin wakilan "salmon" akwai nau'in dwarf da ke zaune a cikin koguna kuma ba su tafi teku ba. Bayyanar wannan nau'in yana da alaƙa da ruwan sanyi da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ke haifar da hana aiwatar da maturation na kifi.

Kwararru kuma sun bambanta tsakanin lacustrine da sifofin bazara na salmon Atlantic, ya danganta da lokacin balaga. Ana haɗa wannan bi da bi tare da lokacin haifuwa: nau'in nau'i ɗaya yana tsiro a cikin kaka ɗayan kuma a cikin bazara. Tafkin salmon, wanda ya fi girma, yana zaune a cikin tafkunan arewa, kamar Onega da Ladoga. A cikin tabkuna, suna ciyarwa sosai, amma don haifuwa suna zuwa kogunan da ke kwarara cikin waɗannan tafkuna.

Yaya tsawon lokacin da salmon yake rayuwa

A matsayinka na mai mulki, salmon Atlantic ba ya rayu fiye da shekaru 6, amma a cikin yanayin haɗuwa da abubuwan da suka dace, za su iya rayuwa sau 2, har zuwa kusan shekaru 12,5.

Range, wuraren zama

Salmon kifi ne wanda ke da faffadan wurin zama wanda ya mamaye arewacin Atlantic da yammacin Tekun Arctic. Nahiyar Amurka tana da yanayin mazaunin salmon, gami da bakin tekun Amurka daga Kogin Connecticut, wanda ke kusa da latitudes na kudanci, har zuwa Greenland kanta. Salmon Atlantika ya haihu a cikin koguna da yawa a Turai, daga Portugal da Spain zuwa Tekun Barents. Ana samun nau'in nau'in kifi na tafkin a cikin ruwa mai tsabta na Sweden, Norway, Finland, da dai sauransu.

Tafkin Salmon yana zaune a cikin tafkunan ruwa masu kyau da ke cikin Karelia da kuma kan Kola Peninsula. Ya hadu da:

• A cikin tafkunan Kuito (Ƙasa, Tsakiya da Sama).
• A cikin Segozero da Vygozero.
• In Imandra da Kamenny.
• A cikin Topozero da Pyaozero.
• A cikin Lake Nyuk da Sandal.
• A cikin Lovozero, Pyukozero da Kimasozero.
• A cikin tabkunan Ladoga da Onega.
• Lake Janisjarvi.

A lokaci guda, ana kama kifi a cikin ruwa na Baltic da White Sea, a cikin kogin Pechora, da kuma a cikin bakin tekun Murmansk.

A cewar IUCN, an shigar da wasu nau'ikan a cikin ruwan Australia, New Zealand, Argentina da Chile.

Abincin Salmon

Kifin Salmon ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafarauci na yau da kullun, wanda ke ba wa kansa kayan abinci na musamman akan manyan tekuna. A matsayinka na mai mulki, tushen abincin ba babban kifi ba ne, amma har ma wakilan invertebrates. Don haka, abincin salmon ya haɗa da:

• Sprat, herring da herring.
• Gerbil da wari.
• Krill da echinoderms.
• Crabs da shrimp.
• Narke mai guda uku (wakilin ruwa mai dadi).

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Salmon, wanda aka girma a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, ana ciyar da shi tare da shrimp. Saboda wannan, naman kifi yana samun launin ruwan hoda mai tsanani.

Salmon Atlantika yana shiga cikin kogunan kuma yana kan hanyar ciyarwa ta daina ciyarwa. Mutanen da ba su kai girman jima'i ba kuma har yanzu ba su je cin abinci na teku a kan zooplankton, tsutsa na kwari iri-iri, larvae caddisfly, da dai sauransu.

Haihuwa da zuriya

Tsarin haifuwa yana farawa a watan Satumba kuma yana ƙare a watan Disamba. Don haifuwa, kifin yana zaɓar wurare masu dacewa a cikin saman koguna. Salmon yana zuwa don haifuwa yana shawo kan kowane irin cikas, da kuma ƙarfin halin yanzu. A lokaci guda kuma, ta yi nasara kan rapids da ƙananan magudanan ruwa, tana tsalle kusan mita 3 daga cikin ruwa.

Lokacin da kifi kifi ya fara motsawa zuwa saman kogin, yana da isasshen ƙarfi da kuzari, amma yayin da yake tunkarar wuraren haifuwa, yakan rasa kusan dukkanin ƙarfinsa, amma wannan makamashi ya isa ya tono rami mai tsawon mita 3 a cikin ruwa. kasa da ajiya caviar. Bayan haka, namiji ya yi takin shi kuma mace za ta iya jefa ƙwai da ƙasa ƙasa.

Abin sha'awa don sani! Dangane da shekaru, matan salmon suna kwanciya daga 10 zuwa 26 qwai, tare da matsakaicin diamita na kusan 5 mm. Salmon na iya haifuwa har sau 5 a rayuwarsu.

A cikin tsarin haifuwa, kifayen dole ne su ji yunwa, don haka suna komawa cikin teku kuma sun ji rauni, da kuma fins da suka ji rauni. Sau da yawa, mutane da yawa suna mutuwa saboda gajiya, musamman maza. Idan kifi ya sami damar shiga cikin teku, to da sauri ya dawo da ƙarfinsa da kuzarinsa, kuma launinsa ya zama silvery na gargajiya.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, yawan zafin jiki na ruwa a cikin koguna na sama ba ya wuce +6 digiri, wanda ya rage jinkirin ci gaban ƙwai, don haka soya ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin watan Mayu. A lokaci guda, soya sun bambanta da manya, sabili da haka, a lokaci guda an danganta su da kuskure zuwa wani nau'i daban. Mazauna yankin sun kira salmon matasa "pestryanki", saboda takamaiman launi. Jikin soya yana bambanta da inuwa mai duhu, yayin da aka yi masa ado tare da ratsi masu tsaka-tsaki da wurare masu yawa na ja ko launin ruwan kasa. Godiya ga irin wannan launi mai launi, ƙananan yara suna iya yin kama da juna a cikin duwatsu da ciyayi na ruwa. A cikin wuraren haifuwa, yara na iya zama har zuwa shekaru 5. Mutane da yawa suna shiga cikin tekun da tsayin daka ya kai kusan santimita 20, yayin da aka maye gurbin launin su da launin azurfa.

Matasan da suka saura a cikin kogunan sun koma mazan dodanniya, waɗanda, kamar manyan mazan da ba a taɓa gani ba, suna shiga cikin aikin takin ƙwai, galibi suna tunkuɗe ma manyan mazaje. Dwarf maza suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifuwa, tun da yawancin mazaje suna shagaltuwa da tsara abubuwa kuma ba sa kula da ƙananan ƴan gidansu.

Halitta maƙiyan salmon

Dwarf maza suna iya cin ƙwai da aka dage cikin sauƙi, kuma minnow, sculpin, whitefish, da perch suna ciyar da soya mai tasowa. A lokacin rani, yawan yara yana raguwa saboda farautar taimen. Bugu da ƙari, kifi na Atlantic yana cikin abincin sauran dabbobin kogin, kamar:

• Kifi
• Golec.
• Pike.
• Nalim da sauransu.

Kasancewar a cikin wuraren da ake hayayyafa, ana kai hari da kifin kifi daga otters, tsuntsayen ganima, irin su gaggafa masu farar wutsiya, manyan mergansers da sauransu. Kasancewa a cikin buɗaɗɗen teku, salmon ya zama wani abu na abinci don kisa whales, beluga whales, kazalika da yawa pinnipeds.

Kimar kamun kifi

An yi la'akari da Salmon koyaushe a matsayin kifi mai kima kuma ana iya juyar da shi cikin sauƙi ya zama abinci mai daɗi. A baya a lokacin tsarist, an kama kifi kifi a tsibirin Kola kuma an kai shi zuwa wasu yankuna, wanda a baya an yi masa gishiri kuma an sha. Wannan kifi abinci ne na kowa a kan teburan manyan mutane daban-daban, a kan teburin sarakuna da limamai.

A zamanin yau, kifin Atlantika ba shi da ƙarancin shahara, kodayake ba ya nan akan teburan 'yan ƙasa da yawa. Naman wannan kifi yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, don haka kifin yana da sha'awar kasuwanci ta musamman. Bugu da ƙari, cewa ana kama salmon a cikin tafki na halitta, ana girma a cikin yanayin wucin gadi. A gonakin kifi, kifin yana girma da sauri fiye da yanayin yanayi kuma yana iya samun nauyin kilogiram 5 a kowace shekara.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! A kan ɗakunan shaguna na Rasha akwai kifin kifi da aka kama a Gabas mai Nisa kuma suna wakiltar jinsin "Oncorhynchus", wanda ya haɗa da wakilai irin su chum salmon, salmon ruwan hoda, salmon sockeye da salmon coho.

Gaskiyar cewa ba za a iya samun salmon na gida a kan ɗakunan shaguna na Rasha ba za a iya bayyana shi ta wasu dalilai. Da fari dai, akwai bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin Norway da Tekun Barents. Kasancewar kogin Gulf daga gabar tekun Norway yana ɗaga zafin ruwa da digiri biyu, wanda ya zama mahimmanci ga kifin wucin gadi. A Rasha, kifi ba shi da lokaci don samun nauyin kasuwanci, ba tare da ƙarin hanyoyin ba, kamar yadda a cikin Norway.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin nau'in

A matakin kasa da kasa, masana sun yi imanin cewa a karshen 2018, babu wani abu da ke barazana ga yawan ruwan tekun na Atlantic. A lokaci guda kuma, lake salmon (Salmo Salar m. sebago) a Rasha an jera su a cikin Jajayen Littafin da ke ƙarƙashin rukuni na 2, a matsayin jinsin da ke raguwa a lambobi. Haka kuma, an samu raguwar yawan kifin kifi da ke zaune a cikin tabkunan Ladoga da Onega, inda har a kwanan nan aka ga irin kamawar da ba a taba gani ba. A zamaninmu, wannan kifin mai kifin ya ragu sosai a cikin kogin Pechora.

Gaskiya mai mahimmanci! A matsayinka na mai mulki, wasu abubuwa masu banƙyama da ke da alaƙa da kamun kifi ba tare da kulawa ba, gurɓataccen ruwa na ruwa, cin zarafi na tsarin mulki na koguna, da kuma ayyukan farauta, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin salmon.

A wasu kalmomi, yana da gaggawa don ɗaukar matakan kariya da yawa don kiyaye yawan salmon. Saboda haka, ana kiyaye salmon a cikin Kostomuksha Reserve, wanda aka tsara a kan tafkin Kamennoe. A sa'i daya kuma, masana na jayayya cewa ya zama dole a dauki matakai da dama, kamar kiwo a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, sake farfado da wuraren haifuwa, yaki da farautar farauta da kamun kifi da ba a kula da su ba, da dai sauransu.

a ƙarshe

A zamanin yau, salmon ya fito ne daga tsibirin Faroe, waɗanda ke arewacin Atlantic, tsakanin Iceland da Scotland. A matsayinka na mai mulki, takardun sun nuna cewa wannan kifi ne na Atlantic (Atlantic Salmon). A lokaci guda, ya dogara da masu siyar da kansu abin da zasu iya nunawa akan farashin farashi - kifi ko kifi. Za mu iya a amince cewa rubutun salmon shine mafi kusantar dabarar 'yan kasuwa. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa wasu masana'antun suna canza launin kifin, amma wannan zato ne kawai, tun da launi na naman ya dogara da yawan adadin shrimp a cikin abincin kifi.

Salmon tushen furotin ne, tun da gram 100 ya ƙunshi rabin al'adar ɗan adam ta yau da kullun. Bugu da ƙari, naman salmon ya ƙunshi isasshen adadin sauran abubuwa masu amfani, irin su ma'adanai, bitamin, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, wanda ke tasiri ga ayyukan gabobin ciki na mutum. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a tuna cewa danyen, kifi mai gishiri mai sauƙi ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani. Sakamakon maganin zafi, har yanzu wasu daga cikinsu sun ɓace, don haka rage yawan maganin zafi, yana da amfani. Zai fi kyau a tafasa ko gasa a cikin tanda. Soyayyen kifi ba shi da lafiya, har ma da illa.

Abin sha'awa, ko a zamanin da, lokacin da koguna suka cika da kifi kifi na Atlantic, ba shi da matsayi na abinci mai dadi, kamar yadda shahararren marubuci Walter Scott ya ambata. Ma'aikatan Scotland waɗanda aka ɗauka hayar dole sun ba da sharadi ɗaya cewa ba a ciyar da su sau da yawa. Shi ke nan!