“Barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Farko a watan Agustan 1914 ya ga masu cin ganyayyaki da yawa cikin rikicin lamiri. Ta yaya mutanen da suka ƙi jinin zubar da jinin dabbobi za su iya kashe ɗan adam? Idan sun shiga, sojojin za su biya duk wani abin da suke so na abinci?” . Wannan shi ne yadda a yau The Veget a rian S ociety UK (Vegetarian Society of Great Britain) ke bayyana halin da masu cin ganyayyaki na Ingilishi suke a jajibirin yakin duniya na farko a shafukanta na Intanet. Irin wannan matsala ta fuskanci yunkurin cin ganyayyaki na Rasha, wanda a lokacin bai kai shekaru ashirin ba.
Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga al'adun Rasha, kuma saboda haɓakar kusantar juna tsakanin Rasha da Yammacin Turai, wanda ya fara kusan 1890, ya ƙare ba zato ba tsammani. Musamman abin mamaki shi ne sakamakon da aka samu a cikin ƙaramin fage na yunƙurin da aka yi niyyar canjawa zuwa salon cin ganyayyaki.
1913 ya kawo bayyanar farko na cin ganyayyaki na Rasha - Majalisar Ganyayyaki ta Rasha, wacce aka gudanar daga Afrilu 16 zuwa 20 a Moscow. Ta hanyar kafa Ofishin Kula da Ganyayyaki, don haka majalissar ta ɗauki matakin farko zuwa ga kafa ƙungiyar masu cin ganyayyaki ta Duk-Russian. Na goma sha ɗaya na kudurorin da ’yan majalisa suka zartar sun yanke shawarar cewa za a yi “Taro na Biyu” a Kyiv a lokacin Ista na shekara ta 1914. Kalmar ta zama gajere sosai, don haka aka ba da shawara a gudanar da taron a Easter 1915. Don haka. , taro na biyu, cikakken shirin. A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1914, bayan da aka fara yakin, har yanzu jaridar Herald mai cin ganyayyaki ta bayyana fatan cewa cin ganyayyaki na Rasha ya kasance a jajibirin babban taro na biyu, amma babu wani karin magana kan aiwatar da wadannan tsare-tsare.
Ga masu cin ganyayyaki na Rasha, da kuma ga ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwarsu a Yammacin Turai, barkewar yakin ya kawo lokacin shakku - da hare-hare daga jama'a. Mayakovsky ya yi musu ba'a da ban dariya a cikin farar hula Shrapnel, kuma ba shi kaɗai ba. Gabaɗaya kuma bai dace da ruhun zamanin ba shine sautin roko kamar waɗanda II Gorbunov-Posadov ya buɗe fitowar farko ta VO a cikin 1915: ɗan adam, game da alkawuran ƙauna ga dukan abubuwa masu rai, kuma a kowane hali. , girmamawa ga dukan rayayyun halittun Allah ba tare da bambanci ba.
Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba, an yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da matsayin nasu dalla-dalla. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin fitowa ta biyu ta VO a shekara ta 1915, ƙarƙashin jigo “Ciwon cin ganyayyaki a Kwanakinmu”, an buga wata talifi da aka sa hannu a kan “EK “:” Mu, masu cin ganyayyaki, sau da yawa muna sauraron zagi da ke da wuya a halin yanzu. lokaci, lokacin da jinin ɗan adam ke ci gaba da zubar da jini, muna ci gaba da haɓaka cin ganyayyaki <...> Cin ganyayyaki a zamaninmu, an gaya mana, mugun abu ne, izgili; Shin zai yiwu a yi tausayi ga dabbobi yanzu? Amma mutanen da suke magana irin wannan ba su fahimci cewa cin ganyayyaki ba kawai ba ya tsoma baki tare da ƙauna da tausayi ga mutane, amma, akasin haka, yana ƙara wannan jin dadi. Domin duk wannan, marubucin labarin ya ce, ko da mutum bai yarda cewa cin ganyayyaki na hankali yana kawo jin dadi da sababbin halaye ga duk abin da ke kewaye ba, "ko da haka cin nama ba zai iya samun wani dalili ba. Wataƙila ba zai rage wahala ba <…> amma kawai zai haifar da, a mafi kyau, waɗanda ke fama da <…> abokan adawar mu za su ci a teburin abincin dare…”.
A cikin wannan fitowar ta mujallar, labarin da Yu. Volin daga Petrograd Courier mai kwanan wata Fabrairu 6, 1915 an sake buga shi - tattaunawa da wani Ilyinsky. An zargi na ƙarshe: “Yaya za ku yi tunani kuma ku yi magana yanzu, a zamaninmu, game da cin ganyayyaki? Har ma an yi shi da gaske!... Abincin kayan lambu - ga mutum, da naman mutane - ga gwangwani! “Bana cin kowa,” kowa, wato, kurege, ko jam’i, ko kaza, ko ma narkewa… kowa sai namiji! ..." Ilyinsky, duk da haka, yana ba da hujjoji masu gamsarwa a cikin martani. Rarraba hanyar da al'adun ɗan adam suka bi zuwa zamanin "cin nama", "dabbobi" da abinci mai gina jiki, ya danganta "ban tsoro na jini" na waɗannan kwanaki tare da halaye na cin abinci, tare da kisa, tebur nama mai jini, kuma yana tabbatar da cewa ya fi girma. yana da wuyar zama mai cin ganyayyaki a yanzu, kuma mafi mahimmanci fiye da kasancewa, alal misali, ɗan gurguzu, tun da gyare-gyaren zamantakewa ƙananan matakai ne kawai a tarihin ɗan adam. Kuma sauyi daga hanyar cin abinci zuwa wata, daga nama zuwa abincin kayan lambu, sauyi ne zuwa sabuwar rayuwa. Mafi yawan ra'ayoyin " masu fafutuka na jama'a ", a cikin kalmomin Ilyinsky, sune "masu tausayi" idan aka kwatanta da babban juyin juya halin rayuwar yau da kullum wanda ya hango da wa'azi, watau, idan aka kwatanta da juyin juya halin abinci.
A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1915, wata kasida ta wannan marubucin mai suna "Shafukan Rayuwa ("nama" paradoxes)" ya bayyana a cikin jaridar Kharkov Yuzhny Krai, wanda ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da ya gani a daya daga cikin gidajen cin ganyayyaki na Petrograd da ake yawan samu. da aka ziyarta a wancan zamanin: “… Lokacin da na kalli masu cin ganyayyaki na zamani, waɗanda kuma ake zargi da son kai da “aristocratism” (bayan haka, wannan shine “gyaran kai na sirri”! Bayan haka, wannan ita ce hanyar raka’a ɗaya, ba wai jama'a!) - Ga alama a gare ni cewa suma suna jagorantar su ta hanyar premonition, ilimin sanin mahimmancin abin da suke yi. Ba bakon abu bane? Jinin ɗan adam yana gudana kamar kogi, naman ɗan adam kuwa yana tanƙasa da fam, suna baƙin ciki saboda jinin bijimai da naman naman naman naman! .. Kuma ba haka ba ne ko kadan! A cikin tsammanin nan gaba, sun san cewa wannan "kututturewa" ba zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin ɗan adam ba kamar jirgin sama ko radium!
Akwai jayayya game da Leo Tolstoy. A cikin Oktoba-Nuwamba 1914, VO ta kwaso wata kasida daga Odessky Listok mai kwanan watan Nuwamba 7, "bawa," kamar yadda editan ya ce, "hoton da ya dace na abubuwan da suka faru na zamani dangane da mutuwar Leo Tolstoy":
“Yanzu Tolstoy ya fi mu nisa fiye da da, ba zai iya isa ba kuma ya fi kyau; ya zama mai kima, ya zama almara a cikin mawuyacin lokaci na tashin hankali, jini da hawaye. <...>Lokaci ya yi na tsananin tsayin daka ga mugunta, lokaci ya yi da takobi zai warware batutuwa, da iko ya zama babban alƙali. Lokaci ya yi da, a zamanin dā, annabawa sun gudu daga kwaruruka, suka kama su da firgita, zuwa tuddai, don neman a cikin shiru na tsaunuka don su gamsar da baƙin cikin da ba za a iya tsira ba <...> tashin hankali, ga hasken wuta, siffar mai ɗaukar gaskiya ta narke kuma ta zama mafarki. Duniya kamar an bar wa kanta. "Ba zan iya yin shiru ba" ba za a sake jin labarin ba kuma umarnin "Kada ku kashe" - ba za mu ji ba. Mutuwa ta yi bikinta, an ci gaba da cin nasara marar hauka na mugunta. Ba a jin muryar annabi.
Yana da alama cewa Ilya Lvovich, ɗan Tolstoy, a cikin wata hira da aka ba shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ayyuka, ya yi la'akari da cewa zai yiwu a tabbatar da cewa mahaifinsa ba zai ce wani abu game da yakin na yanzu ba, kamar yadda ya yi zaton bai ce kome ba game da shi. yakin Russo-Japan a lokacinsa. VO ta karyata wannan ikirari ta hanyar nuna wasu labarai da Tolstoy yayi a shekarun 1904 da 1905 wadanda suka la'anci yakin, da kuma wasikunsa. Binciken, bayan da ya ketare a cikin labarin ta EO Dymshits duk wuraren da yake game da halin LN Tolstoy game da yakin, ta haka ne a kaikaice ya tabbatar da daidaitattun mujallar. Gabaɗaya, a lokacin yaƙin, mujallu masu cin ganyayyaki sun sami kutse da yawa daga cece-kuce: fitowar ta huɗu na VO don 1915 an kwace shi a cikin ofishin edita kanta, an dakatar da labarin uku na fitowar ta biyar, gami da labarin da SP Poltavsky ya yi mai taken "Mai cin ganyayyaki da kuma cin ganyayyaki". zamantakewa”.
A cikin Rasha, ƙungiyar masu cin ganyayyaki ta kasance mafi rinjaye ta hanyar la'akari na ɗabi'a, kamar yadda yawancin matani da aka ambata a sama suka tabbatar. Wannan alkiblar tafiyar Rasha ba ko kadan ba ce saboda babban tasirin da ikon Tolstoy ke da shi a kan cin ganyayyaki na Rasha. Sau da yawa an ji nadama cewa a tsakanin masu cin ganyayyaki na Rasha, dalilai masu tsafta sun koma baya, suna ba da fifiko ga taken "Kada ku kashe" da dalilai na ɗabi'a da zamantakewa, wanda ya ba cin ganyayyaki wata inuwar bangaranci na addini da na siyasa don haka ya hana yaduwarsa. Ya isa a cikin wannan haɗin don tunawa da maganganun AI Voeikov (VII. 1), Jenny Schultz (VII. 2: Moscow) ko VP Voitsekhovsky (VI. 7). A daya hannun kuma, fifikon bangaren da'a, sha'awar tunanin samar da zaman lafiya ya ceci cin ganyayyaki na Rasha daga dabi'un chauvinist wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance halayya, musamman na masu cin ganyayyaki na Jamus (mafi daidai, wakilansu na hukuma) gabaɗaya. mahallin tashin hankalin soja da kishin kasa na Jamus. Masu cin ganyayyaki na Rasha sun taka rawa wajen rage talauci, amma ba su ga yakin a matsayin wata dama ta inganta cin ganyayyaki ba.
A halin yanzu, a Jamus, barkewar yaƙi ya ba editan mujallar Vegetarische Warte, Dokta Selss na Baden-Baden, lokaci don bayyana a cikin labarin “Yaƙin Al’ummai” (“Volkerkrieg”) na Agusta 15, 1914. cewa masu hangen nesa da masu mafarki ne kawai za su iya gaskanta da “salama ta har abada”, suna ƙoƙarin maida wasu zuwa wannan bangaskiyar. Mu ne, ya rubuta (kuma har zuwa yaya wannan zai zama gaskiya!), “A jajibirin abubuwan da za su bar tarihi mai zurfi a tarihin duniya. Ci gaba! Bari "nufin yin nasara", wanda, bisa ga kalmomi masu zafi na Kaiser, suna rayuwa a cikin squires, suna rayuwa a cikin sauran mutane, da nufin yin nasara a kan duk wannan rot da duk abin da ke rage rai, wanda ke cikin mu. iyakoki! Mutanen da suka ci nasarar wannan nasara, irin wadannan mutane za su farka da rayuwa mai cin ganyayyaki, kuma hakan zai faru ne ta hanyar cin ganyayyaki, wanda ba shi da wata manufa face taurin mutane [! – PB], dalilin mutane. “Cikin farin ciki,” in ji Zelss, “Na karanta saƙonni daga arewa, kudu da kuma gabas daga masu cin ganyayyaki masu ƙwazo, ina hidimar soja cikin farin ciki da fahariya. "Ilimi iko ne," don haka wasu daga cikin ilimin cin ganyayyaki namu, waɗanda 'yan ƙasarmu ba su da shi, ya kamata a ba da su ga jama'a" [Tattaunawa a nan gaba na asali ne]. Bugu da ari, Dr. Selss ya ba da shawarar a iyakance kiwon dabbobi masu ɓarna da kuma ƙauracewa yawan abinci. “Ku wadatu da abinci uku a rana, har ma da abinci biyu mafi kyau a rana, inda za ku ji </strong>yunwa ta gaske. Ku ci a hankali; tauna sosai [cf. Shawarar G. Fletcher! -PB]. Rage yawan shan barasa na yau da kullun kuma a hankali <…> A cikin lokuta masu wahala, muna buƙatar fayyace kai <…> ƙasa tare da gajiyar taba! Muna buƙatar ƙarfinmu don mafi kyau. "
A cikin fitowar Vegetarische Warte na Janairu na 1915, a cikin talifin “Ci da Cin Gari da Yaƙi”, wani Kirista Behring ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da yaƙin don jawo hankalin jama’ar Jamus zuwa muryar masu cin ganyayyaki: “Dole ne mu sami wani ikon siyasa don cin ganyayyaki.” Don cimma wannan burin, ya ba da shawarar "Kididdigar Sojoji na cin ganyayyaki": "1. Masu cin ganyayyaki nawa ne ko masu ikirarin abokai na wannan salon rayuwa (yawan su nawa membobi ne) ke shiga tashin hankali; nawa ne daga cikinsu masu bin tsari na son rai da sauran masu aikin sa kai? Nawa ne daga cikinsu jami'ai? 2. Masu cin ganyayyaki nawa ne kuma wadanne masu cin ganyayyaki ne suka sami lambobin yabo na soja? Dole ne a bace, Bering ya tabbatar da, alluran rigakafi: "A gare mu, waɗanda ke ƙin duk wani rashin mutunci na jinin Jamusanci na allahntaka ta wurin tarin gawar dabbobi da ɓacin rai, yayin da suke ƙin annoba ko zunubai, ra'ayin rigakafin dole ya zama kamar ba za a iya jurewa ba…". Duk da haka, ban da irin waɗannan maganganun, a cikin Yuli 1915 mujallar Vegetarische Warte ta buga wani rahoto na SP Poltavsky "Shin akwai ra'ayin cin ganyayyaki?" Galetsky "The Vegetarian Movement a Rasha", wanda aka sake bugawa a nan a cikin facsimile (rashin lafiya No. 1913).
Saboda dokar Martial, mujallolin cin ganyayyaki na Rasha sun fara bayyana ba bisa ka'ida ba: alal misali, an ɗauka cewa a cikin 1915 VV zai buga batutuwa shida kawai maimakon ashirin (a sakamakon haka, goma sha shida ba a buga ba); kuma a shekara ta 1916 mujallar ta daina bugawa gaba ɗaya.
VO ta daina wanzuwa bayan fitowar fitowar Mayu 1915, duk da alkawarin da masu gyara suka yi na buga fitowa ta gaba a watan Agusta. Komawa a cikin Disamba 1914, I. Perper ya sanar da masu karatu game da ƙaura mai zuwa na ma'aikatan edita na mujallar zuwa Moscow, tun da Moscow ita ce cibiyar cin ganyayyaki da kuma mafi mahimmancin ma'aikatan mujallar suna zaune a can. Don sake matsugunni, watakila, gaskiyar cewa VV ya fara bugawa a Kyiv…
A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1915, a ranar tunawa da farkon yakin, an gudanar da babban taro na magoya bayan Tolstoy a dakin cin abinci na Moscow a Gazetny Lane (a zamanin Soviet - Ogaryov Street), tare da jawabai da shayari. karatu. A wannan taron, PI Biryukov ya ba da rahoto game da halin da ake ciki a Switzerland - daga 1912 (kuma har zuwa 1920) ya zauna a Onex, wani ƙauye kusa da Geneva. A cewarsa, kasar tana cike da 'yan gudun hijira: masu adawa da yakin, masu gudun hijira da kuma 'yan leken asiri. Baya ga shi, II Gorbunov-Posadov, VG Chertkov da IM Tregubov ma sun yi magana.
Daga Afrilu 18 zuwa 22 ga Afrilu, 1916, PI Biryukov ya jagoranci "Majalisar Ciniki na Cin ganyayyaki" a Monte Verita (Ascona), taron cin ganyayyaki na farko da aka gudanar a Switzerland. Kwamitin majalisar ya hada da, musamman Ida Hoffmann da G. Edenkofen, mahalarta taron sun fito ne daga kasashen Rasha, Faransa, Switzerland, Jamus, Holland, Ingila da Hungary. "A cikin fuskantar mummunan yakin da ake yi a yanzu" ("en gaban des horreurs de la guerre actuelle"), majalisa ta yanke shawarar kafa wata al'umma don inganta "cin abinci mai cin ganyayyaki da zamantakewar al'umma" (wasu kafofin suna amfani da kalmar "national). ”), wurin zama wanda ya kamata ya kasance a Ascona. Cin ganyayyaki na "Social" dole ne ya bi ka'idodin ɗabi'a kuma ya gina rayuwar zamantakewa bisa tushen haɗin kai (samarwa da cinyewa). PI Biryukov ya bude taron da jawabi a cikin Faransanci; ya ba kawai halin ci gaban cin ganyayyaki a Rasha tun 1885 ("Le mouvement vegetarien en Russie"), amma kuma ya yi magana tabbatacce a cikin ni'imar da wani karin mutuntaka kula da bayi ("domestiques"). Daga cikin mahalarta taron akwai, da sauransu, sanannen wanda ya kafa "tattalin arzikin 'yanci" ("Freiwirtschaftslehre") Silvio Gesell, da kuma wakilan 'yan Esperantists na Genevan. Majalisar ta yanke shawarar neman shigar da sabuwar kungiyar zuwa kungiyar masu cin ganyayyaki ta kasa da kasa, wacce ta hadu a Hague. An zabi P. Biryukov shugaban sabuwar al'umma, G. Edenkofen da I. Hoffmann sun kasance mambobin kwamitin. Yana da wuya a yi la’akari da sakamako mai amfani na wannan taron, P. Biryukov ya lura: “Wataƙila su ƙanana ne.” Dangane da haka, tabbas ya yi gaskiya.
A tsawon yakin, adadin masu ziyartar gidajen cin ganyayyaki a Rasha ya tashi da faduwa. A Moscow, adadin gidajen cin ganyayyaki, ba tare da kirga gidajen cin abinci ba, ya karu zuwa hudu; a shekara ta 1914, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, an ba da jita-jita 643 a cikinsu, ba tare da ƙidaya waɗanda aka ba su kyauta ba; yakin ya dauki baƙi 000 a rabi na biyu na shekara…. Ƙungiyoyin masu cin ganyayyaki sun shiga cikin ayyukan agaji, sun samar da gadaje na asibitocin soja da kuma samar da ɗakunan kantin sayar da kayan abinci don dinki na lilin. Gidan cin abinci mai arha mai arha a Kyiv, don taimakawa wurin ajiyar da aka sanya cikin soja, yana ciyar da iyalai kusan 40 a kullum. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, BB ya ba da rahoto game da marasa lafiya na dawakai. An daina aro labarai daga majiyoyin waje daga Jamusanci, amma galibi daga jaridun masu cin ganyayyaki na Ingilishi. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin VV (000) an buga wani jawabi da shugaban kungiyar masu cin ganyayyaki ta Manchester ya buga a kan manufofin cin ganyayyaki, wanda mai magana ya yi gargadi game da ka'ida kuma a lokaci guda kuma a kan sha'awar rubuta wa wasu yadda ya kamata. rayuwa da abin da za a ci; batutuwan da suka biyo baya sun ƙunshi labarin Turanci game da dawakai a fagen fama. Gabaɗaya, yawan membobin ƙungiyoyin cin ganyayyaki ya ragu: a Odessa, alal misali, daga 110 zuwa 1915; Bugu da kari, an karanta rahotan kadan kadan.
Lokacin da a cikin Janairu 1917, bayan hutu na shekara guda, Herald mai cin ganyayyaki ya sake bayyana, yanzu an buga shi ta Gundumar Soja ta Kyiv karkashin editan Olga Prokhasko, a cikin gaisuwa "Ga masu karatu" za a iya karantawa:
“Abubuwan da ke da wuyar gaske da Rasha ke fuskanta, waɗanda suka shafi rayuwarmu duka, ba za su iya shafar ƙananan kasuwancinmu ba. <...> Amma yanzu kwanaki suna tafiya, mutum zai iya cewa shekaru suna tafiya - mutane sun saba da duk abubuwan ban tsoro, kuma hasken manufar cin ganyayyaki a hankali ya fara jawo mutanen da suka gaji. Kwanan nan, rashin nama ya tilasta wa kowa da kowa ya karkata idanunsa ga rayuwar da ba ta bukatar jini. Gidajen cin ganyayyaki yanzu sun cika a duk garuruwa, littattafan dafa abinci masu cin ganyayyaki duk an sayar dasu.
Shafin farko na fitowa na gaba ya ƙunshi tambaya: “Mene ne cin ganyayyaki? Yanzu da nan gaba”; ya bayyana cewa a yanzu ana samun kalmar "cin ganyayyaki" a ko'ina, cewa a cikin babban birni, misali, a Kyiv, gidajen cin ganyayyaki suna ko'ina, amma duk da waɗannan gidajen cin ganyayyaki, al'ummomin cin ganyayyaki, cin ganyayyaki ko ta yaya baƙon abu ne ga mutane, mai nisa. m.
Juyin Juya Halin Fabrairu kuma ya sami karɓuwa daga masu cin ganyayyaki: "Ƙofofin 'yanci masu haske sun buɗe a gabanmu, waɗanda al'ummar Rasha da suka gaji sun daɗe suna ci gaba!" Duk abin da dole ne a jure "da kaina da kowa a cikin gendarmerie Rasha, inda tun daga ƙuruciya blue uniform ba ya ƙyale numfashi" bai kamata ya zama dalilin fansa ba: babu wani wuri a gare shi, in ji Bulletin Vegetarian. Haka kuma, an yi kira da a kafa cibiyoyin cin ganyayyaki na 'yan'uwa; An yi bikin soke hukuncin kisa - ƙungiyoyin masu cin ganyayyaki na Rasha, in ji Naftal Bekerman, yanzu suna jiran mataki na gaba - "kashe duk wani kisa da kuma soke hukuncin kisa ga dabbobi." The Vegetarian Herald cikakken yarda da gaskiyar cewa proletarians nuna don zaman lafiya da kuma na 8-hour aiki ranar aiki, da kuma Kiev Soja Gundumar ɓullo da wani shiri na rage ranar aiki ga mata da 'yan mata ma'aikata mafi yawa a cikin jama'a kantuna daga 9-13. awa zuwa 8 hours. Hakanan, Gundumar Soja ta Poltava ta buƙaci (duba sama shafi na yy) wani sauƙaƙe a cikin abinci da ƙin yarda da wuce gona da iri a cikin abinci, wanda aka kafa bin misalin sauran kantuna.
Mawallafin Vestnik mai cin ganyayyaki, Olga Prokhasko, ya yi kira ga masu cin ganyayyaki da ƙungiyoyi masu cin ganyayyaki da su dauki nauyin da ya dace a ginin Rasha - "Masu cin ganyayyaki suna buɗe wani fage mai yawa na ayyuka don yin aiki don kawo ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe a nan gaba." Fitowa ta tara na shekara ta 1917 da ta biyo baya, ta soma da furcin fushi: “An sake dawo da hukuncin kisa a Rasha!” (rashin lafiya. 34 yy). Duk da haka, a cikin wannan fitowar akwai kuma rahoto game da kafuwar ranar 27 ga Yuni a Moscow na "Society of True Freedom (a tunawa da Leo Tolstoy)"; Wannan sabuwar al'umma, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya ƙidaya daga 750 zuwa 1000 mambobi, yana cikin ginin gundumar soja na Moscow a 12 Gazetny Lane. Bugu da kari, VV da aka sabunta ta tattauna batutuwan gama gari waɗanda ke da alaƙa a ko'ina cikin duniya a yau, kamar: lalata abinci (cream) ko guba dangane da zanen ɗakuna wanda fentin mai ya ƙunshi turpentine da gubar.
Mawallafin jaridar Vegetarian Herald sun yi Allah wadai da "makircin juyin-juya hali" na Janar Kornilov. A cikin sabuwar fitowar mujalla (Disamba 1917) an buga labarin shirin Olga Prohasko “Lokaci na Yanzu da Cin Gari”. Marubucin labarin, mai bin tsarin gurguzanci na Kirista, ya fadi haka game da juyin juya halin Oktoba: “Kowace al’umma masu cin ganyayyaki da masu cin ganyayyaki masu hankali ya kamata su san menene wannan lokacin ta fuskar cin ganyayyaki.” Ba duk masu cin ganyayyaki ba ne Kiristoci, cin ganyayyaki ba wajen addini ba ne; amma tafarkin Kirista mai zurfi na gaske ba zai iya ƙetare cin ganyayyaki ba. Bisa koyarwar Kirista, rayuwa baiwa ce daga Allah, kuma babu wani sai Allah da yake da ’yanci a kan ta. Shi ya sa halin Kirista da mai cin ganyayyaki ya zama iri ɗaya ne a halin yanzu. A wasu lokatai, a cewarsu, akwai kyakyawan bege: kotun soja a Kyiv, bayan da ta ba da hujjar jami’in da ƙananan mukamai waɗanda ba su shiga yaƙi ba, ta haka ne suka gane ’yancin mutum na samun ’yanci ya ƙi alhakin kashe mutane. "Abin takaici ne cewa al'ummomin masu cin ganyayyaki ba sa kula da abubuwan da suka faru na gaske." A cikin labarinta-kwarewa, mai suna "Ƙarin Kalmomi", Olga Prokhasko ya nuna fushinsa game da gaskiyar cewa sojojin (kuma ba Bolsheviks, waɗanda suke zaune a wancan lokaci a cikin fadar ba!) A dandalin Dumskaya suna kwantar da mazaunan, wanda ke kwantar da hankulan mazauna. sun saba taruwa a rukuni-rukuni don tattauna abubuwan da suka faru, kuma hakan bayan kwana guda kafin Tarayyar Soviet na Ma’aikata da Wakilan Soja sun amince da ikon Soviets kuma sun sanar da cewa suna goyon bayan Petrograd Soviets. “Amma babu wanda ya san yadda za su aiwatar da shi a aikace, don haka muka taru don wani taro, muna da batutuwa masu muhimmanci ga rayuwar al’ummarmu da ya kamata a warware su. Muhawara mai zafi kuma ba zato ba tsammani, ba zato ba tsammani, kamar ta tagogin mu…… harbe-harbe! .. <...> Wannan ita ce sautin farko na juyin juya hali, a yammacin ranar 28 ga Oktoba a Kyiv.
Wannan, fitowa ta goma sha ɗaya, na mujallar ita ce ta ƙarshe. Editocin sun sanar da cewa gundumar Soja ta Kiev ta sha wahala sosai daga buga VV. “A ƙarƙashin yanayin kawai,” in ji editocin mujallar, “idan mutane masu ra’ayi ɗaya a duk faɗin Rasha za su ji tausayin ɗaukaka ra’ayoyinmu, za a iya buga kowace al’amura na lokaci-lokaci.”
Duk da haka, Moscow Vegetarian Society a cikin lokaci daga Oktoba juyin juya halin zuwa karshen 20s. ya ci gaba da wanzuwa, kuma tare da shi wasu ƙungiyoyin cin ganyayyaki na gida. Rukunin tarihin GMIR a St. Chertkov (dan VG Chertkova) ya ba da shawara ga Majalisar Soja ta Moscow don samar da wani shiri na sake tsara gidajen cin abinci na jama'a. Tuni daga farkon 1909, tsakanin ma'aikatan kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kantin sayar da kayan aiki da Majalisar Soja ta Moscow, "rashin fahimta har ma da adawa ya fara tashi, wanda bai wanzu ba." Hakan ya samo asali ne, ba ko kadan ba, saboda yadda ma’aikatan gidajen kantuna suka hada kai a cikin “Union of Mutual Aid of Waiters”, wanda ake zargin ya zaburar da su da nuna kyama ga gudanar da harkokin kungiyar. Halin da ake ciki na tattalin arziki na gidajen cin abinci ya kara dagulewa ta yadda kungiyar Allied Association of Consumer Societies na Moscow ta ki ba da abinci ga masu cin ganyayyaki da kayayyakin da ake bukata, kuma kwamitin kula da abinci na birnin ya yi watsi da hakan, yana mai nuni da cewa biyu Canteens MVO-va ” ba a ɗaukan shahararru. A taron, an sake nuna nadama cewa masu cin ganyayyaki suna yin watsi da "bangaren akida na lamarin." Yawan membobin Moscow Soja District a 1930 ya 7 mutane, wanda 1918 ne aiki (ciki har da II Perper, matarsa EI Kaplan, KS Shokhor-Trotsky, IM Tregubov), 1917 fafatawa a gasa da kuma 1918 girmamawa membobi.
Daga cikin wasu takardun, GMIR yana da zane na rahoton PI Biryukov (1920) game da tarihin cin ganyayyaki na Rasha tun 1896, mai suna "Hanyar Tafiya" da kuma rufe maki 26. Biryukov, wanda ya dawo daga Switzerland, sa'an nan ya rike mukamin shugaban sashen rubutun na Moscow Museum of Leo Tolstoy (ya yi hijira zuwa Canada a tsakiyar 1920s). Rahoton ya ƙare da roƙo: “A gare ku, ƙwaƙƙwaran matasa, na yi roƙo na musamman na gaske da zuciya ɗaya. Mu tsofaffi muna mutuwa. Ko mafi kyau ko mara kyau, daidai da ƙarfin ƙarfinmu, mun ɗauki harshen wuta mai rai kuma ba mu kashe shi ba. Dauke shi daga gare mu don ci gaba da hura shi cikin harshen wuta mai ƙarfi na Gaskiya, Ƙauna da 'Yanci "...
Damuwar da Tolstoyans da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ta Bolsheviks, kuma a lokaci guda "tsara" cin ganyayyaki ya fara a lokacin yakin basasa. A cikin 1921, ƙungiyoyin da aka tsananta wa tsarism, musamman ma kafin juyin juya halin 1905, sun hadu a "Majalisar Rasha ta Farko na Ƙungiyoyin Noma da Ƙarfafawa." § 1 na ƙudurin majalisar ya karanta: “Mu, ƙungiyar membobin All-Russian Congress of Sectarian Agricultural Communities, Communes and Artels, masu cin ganyayyaki ta hanyar yanke hukunci, mun ɗauki kisan ba kawai mutane ba, har ma da dabbobi zunubi ne wanda ba za a yarda da shi ba. a gaban Allah kuma kada ku yi amfani da nama yanka, don haka a madadin dukkan masu cin ganyayyaki, muna rokon Hukumar Noma ta Jama'a da kar ta nemi nama daga masu cin ganyayyaki, wanda ya saba wa tunaninsu da imaninsu. Majalisar ta amince da kudurin, wanda mahalarta 11 suka rattaba hannu, ciki har da KS Shokhor-Trotsky da VG Chertkov.
Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich (1873-1955), kwararre na jam'iyyar Bolshevik game da ƙungiyoyi, ya bayyana ra'ayinsa game da wannan majalisa da kuma shawarwarin da aka amince da shi a cikin rahoton "The Crooked Mirror of Sectarianism", wanda ba da daɗewa ba aka buga a cikin jarida. . Musamman ma, ya yi tsokaci mai ban mamaki game da wannan haɗin kai, yana mai nuni da cewa ba duka ƙungiyoyin da ke wakilci a majalisar sun amince da kansu a matsayin masu cin ganyayyaki ba: Molokans da Baptists, alal misali, suna cin nama. Jawabin nasa na nuni ne ga tsarin dabarun Bolshevik gaba daya. Wani bangare na wannan dabara shi ne yunƙurin rarraba ƙungiyoyi, musamman Tolstoyans, zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu ci gaba da masu ra'ayi: a cikin kalmomin Bonch-Bruyevich, "takobin juyin juya halin kaifi da rashin tausayi ya haifar da rarrabuwa" tsakanin Tolstoyans kuma. Bonch-Bruevich dangana KS Shokhor-Trotsky da VG Chertkov zuwa reactionaries, yayin da ya dangana IM Tregubov da PI Biryukov zuwa Tolstoyans, kusa da mutane - ko, kamar yadda Sofia Andreevna ya kira su, zuwa "duhu", haifar da fushi a cikin wannan. wai “mace mai kumbura, mai mulki, mai alfahari da haƙƙinta”…. Bugu da kari, Bonch-Bruevich ya kakkausar suka ga baki daya kalamai na Congress of Sectarian Agricultural Associations a kan hukuncin kisa, na duniya da sabis na soja da kuma gama kai shirin na Tarayyar Soviet aiki makarantu. Ba da daɗewa ba labarinsa ya haifar da tattaunawa mai ban sha'awa a gidan cin abinci na Moscow a Gazetny Lane.
An kula da tarurrukan mako-mako na Tolstoyans a ginin gundumar Soja ta Moscow. Sergei Mikhailovich Popov (1887-1932), wanda a wani lokaci ya yi magana da Tolstoy, a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1923, ya sanar da masanin falsafa Petr Petrovich Nikolaev (1873-1928), wanda ya zauna a Nice tun 1905: "Wakilan hukuma suna aiki a matsayin abokan adawa. kuma wani lokaci suna nuna adawarsu da karfi. Don haka, alal misali, a tattaunawar da na yi ta ƙarshe, inda akwai yankuna 2 na yara, da kuma manya, bayan kammala tattaunawar, wakilai biyu na hukuma sun zo wurina, a gaban kowa, suka ce: “Ka yi: Kuna da izinin gudanar da tattaunawa?" Na amsa, “A’a, bisa ga abin da na sani, dukan mutane ’yan’uwa ne, saboda haka ina ƙin dukan iko kuma ba na neman izinin yin magana.” Suka ce, “Ba ni takardunku,” suka ce, “An kama ku,” suna cewa, kuma suna fitar da ‘yan tawaye suna daga musu hannu suna nuna mini da kalmomin: “Mun umurce ku da ku bi mu.”
A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 1924, a cikin ginin Moscow Vegetarian Society, Majalisar Kimiyya na Tolstoy Museum da Majalisar Soja ta Moscow sun gudanar da bikin rufe bikin cika shekaru 60 na II Gorbunov-Posadov da cika shekaru 40 na adabinsa. aiki a matsayin shugaban gidan wallafe-wallafen Posrednik.
’Yan kwanaki bayan haka, a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1924, an gabatar da koke ga hukumomin Soviet don amincewa da daftarin Yarjejeniya ta Ƙungiyar Cin ganyayyaki ta Moscow. LN Tolstoy - kafa a 1909! – tare da nuna cewa duk masu neman goma ba jam’iyya ba ce. Dukansu a ƙarƙashin tsari da kuma ƙarƙashin Soviets - kuma a fili a ƙarƙashin Putin (cf. kasa p. yy) - kundin tsarin duk ƙungiyoyin jama'a dole ne su sami izini daga hukuma. Daga cikin takardun na Rukunin Sojoji na Moscow akwai daftarin wasiƙar wasiƙar kwanan watan Agusta 13 na wannan shekara, wanda aka aika zuwa Lev Borisovich Kamenev (1883-1936), wanda a wancan lokacin (kuma har zuwa 1926) ya kasance memba na Ofishin siyasa da shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar birnin Moscow, da kuma mataimakin shugaban majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar. Marubucin wasikar ya yi korafin cewa har yanzu ba a amince da kundin tsarin mulkin soja na Moscow ba: “Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga bayanin da nake da shi, tambayar amincewarta da alama an warware ta cikin mummunan yanayi. Da alama akwai wani irin rashin fahimta da ke faruwa a nan. Ƙungiyoyin masu cin ganyayyaki suna wanzu a cikin birane da yawa - me yasa ba za a iya samun irin wannan ƙungiya a Moscow ba? Ayyukan al'umma gaba ɗaya a buɗe suke, yana faruwa a cikin ƙayyadaddun da'irar membobinta, kuma idan an taɓa gane shi a matsayin wanda ba a so, zai iya zama, ban da ƙa'idar da aka amince da ita, ta hanyar wasu hanyoyi. Tabbas, O-vo bai taba shiga harkar siyasa ba. Daga wannan gefen, ya ba da shawarar kansa sosai a cikin shekaru 15 na kasancewarsa. Ina fata sosai, masoyi Lev Borisovich, cewa za ku sami damar kawar da rashin fahimta da ta taso kuma ku ba ni taimako a cikin wannan al'amari. Zan yi godiya a gare ku idan kun bayyana ra'ayinku game da wannan wasika tawa. Sai dai irin wannan yunkurin na kulla alaka da manyan hukumomi bai haifar da sakamakon da ake so ba.
Dangane da tsauraran matakan da hukumomin Soviet suka dauka, masu cin ganyayyaki na Tolstoyan sun fara buga mujallu masu sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin asirce a cikin rubuce-rubucen rubutu ko juyawa a tsakiyar shekarun 20s. Don haka, a cikin 1925 (yana yin la'akari da ƙawancen ciki: "kwanan nan, dangane da mutuwar Lenin") "a matsayin rubutun" tare da mitar makonni biyu, an buga wani littafi mai suna Common Case. Mujallar adabi- zamantakewa da cin ganyayyaki wanda Y. Neapolitansky ya shirya. Wannan mujallar za ta zama “muryar ra’ayin jama’a masu cin ganyayyaki.” Editocin mujallar sun yi kakkausar suka ga wani bangare guda na abin da ke cikin majalisar Moscow Vegetarian Society, inda suka bukaci a samar da "Majalisar hadin gwiwa" wadda za ta wakilci dukkanin kungiyoyin da suka fi tasiri a cikin al'umma; Irin wannan shawara kawai, a cewar editan, zai iya zama mai iko ga DUKAN masu cin ganyayyaki. Game da Majalisar da ke da ita, an nuna tsoro cewa tare da shigar da sababbin mutane a cikin tsarinta, "tushen" manufofinta na iya canzawa; Bugu da kari, an nanata cewa wannan Majalisar tana jagorancin "masu daraja Tsojoji na Tolstoy", wanda kwanan nan ya kasance "a mataki tare da karni" da kuma amfani da kowane zarafi a fili nuna juyayi ga sabon jihar tsarin (a cewar marubucin. "Tolstoy-statesmen"); Matasa masu ra'ayin adawa a cikin gwamnatocin masu cin ganyayyaki ba su da wakilci a fili. Y. Neapolitansky ya zagi jagorancin al'umma tare da rashin aiki da ƙarfin hali: "Daidai da bambanci da yanayin rayuwar Moscow gaba ɗaya, don haka tashin hankali da tashin hankali, masu cin ganyayyaki sun sami zaman lafiya tun 1922, sun shirya " kujera mai laushi ". <...> Akwai ƙarin raye-raye a cikin kantin sayar da kayan cin ganyayyaki fiye da a cikin Al'umma kanta" (shafi na 54 yy). Babu shakka, ko da a zamanin Soviet, ba a shawo kan tsohon rashin lafiya na motsin cin ganyayyaki ba: rarrabuwa, rarrabuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa da rashin iya cimma yarjejeniya.
A ranar 25 ga Maris, 1926, an gudanar da taron kafa mambobi na Gundumar Soja ta Moscow, inda abokan haɗin gwiwar Tolstoy suka kasance: VG Chertkov, PI Biryukov, da II Gorbunov-Posadov. VG Chertkov ya karanta wata sanarwa game da kafa sabuwar al'umma, wanda ake kira "Moscow Vegetarian Society", kuma a lokaci guda daftarin doka. Duk da haka, a taro na gaba a ranar 6 ga Mayu, dole ne a yanke shawara: "Saboda rashin samun ra'ayi daga sassan da abin ya shafa, ya kamata a dage dokar don yin la'akari." Duk da halin da ake ciki, ana ci gaba da karanta rahotanni. Saboda haka, a cikin diary na tattaunawa na Moscow Soja District daga Janairu 1, 1915 zuwa Fabrairu 19, 1929, akwai rahotanni na rahotanni (wanda suka halarci daga 12 zuwa 286 mutane) a kan batutuwa kamar "The Ruhaniya Life LN Tolstoy. "(N N. Gusev), "Doukhobors a Kanada" (PI Biryukov), "Tolstoy da Ertel" (NN Apostolov), "The Vegetarian Movement in Rasha" (IO Perper), "The Tolstoy Movement a Bulgaria" (II). Gorbunov-Posadov), "Gothic" (Prof. AI Anisimov), "Tolstoy da Music" (AB Goldenweiser) da sauransu. A cikin rabin na biyu na 1925 kadai, 35 rahotanni.
Daga cikin mintuna na tarurrukan Majalisar Soja ta Moscow daga 1927 zuwa 1929, ya bayyana a fili cewa al'umma sun yi ƙoƙari don yakar manufofin hukumomi, wanda ke ƙara takurawa ayyukanta, amma a ƙarshe har yanzu an tilasta shi. kasa. A bayyane yake, ba daga baya ba fiye da 1923, wani "Artel" Gina Jiki na Cin ganyayyaki "" ya mamaye babban ɗakin cin abinci na MVO-va, ba tare da biyan kuɗin hayar haya, kayan aiki, da dai sauransu ba, kodayake tambari da biyan kuɗi na MVO-va. ci gaba da amfani. A taron Majalisar Soja na Moscow a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1927, an faɗi “ci gaba da cin zarafi” da Artel ya yi wa Society. "Idan Artel ya amince da shawarar da Hukumarsa ta yanke na ci gaba da mamaye wuraren da ke Gundumar Soja ta Moscow, to, Majalisar Al'umma ta yi gargadin cewa ba ta ganin zai yiwu a kulla wata yarjejeniya da Artel kan wannan batu." Taro na yau da kullun na majalisar ya sami halartar 15 zuwa 20 na membobinta, ciki har da wasu makusantan Tolstoy-VG Chertkov, II Gorbunov-Posadov, da NN Gusev. Oktoba 12, 1927 Council na Moscow Soja District, a cikin tunawa da zuwan karni na haihuwa LN Tolstoy, "la'akari da kusanci da akidar shugabanci na Moscow Soja District ga rayuwar LN Tolstoy, da kuma a cikin view. na LN shiga cikin ilimi <...> O-va a cikin 1909 ″, ya yanke shawarar sanya sunan LN Tolstoy zuwa Gundumar Soja ta Moscow kuma ya gabatar da wannan tsari don amincewa da babban taron membobin O-va. Kuma a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1928, an yanke shawarar shirya tarin "Ta yaya LN Tolstoy ya rinjayi ni" kuma ya umurci II Gorbunov-Posadov, I. Perper da NS Troshin don rubuta roko ga gasar ga labarin "Tolstoy da cin ganyayyaki". Bugu da kari, an umurci I. Perper da ya nemi kamfanonin kasashen waje don shirya fim [talla] mai cin ganyayyaki. A ranar 2 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar, an amince da daftarin takarda don rabawa ga membobin Society, kuma an yanke shawarar gudanar da makon Tolstoy a Moscow. Lalle ne, a cikin Satumba 1928, Moscow Soja District shirya wani Multi-kwana taro, inda daruruwan Tolstoyans isa Moscow daga ko'ina cikin kasar. Hukumomin Tarayyar Soviet ne suka sanya ido a taron; daga baya, shi ya zama dalilin kama mambobi na Youth Circle, kazalika da ban a kan karshe na Tolstoy periodicals - wata-wata Newsletter na Moscow Soja District.
A farkon 1929 lamarin ya karu sosai. Tun a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1929, an yanke shawarar aika VV Chertkov da IO Perper zuwa Babban taron masu cin ganyayyaki na kasa da kasa na 7 a Steinshönau (Czechoslovakia), amma tuni a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, VV va ke fuskantar barazana “saboda kin amincewar MUNI. Moscow Real Estate Administration] don sabunta yarjejeniyar haya. " Bayan haka, har ma an zaɓi wata tawaga don "tattaunawa tare da mafi girma na Tarayyar Soviet da Jam'iyyar game da wurin O-va"; ya hada da: VG Chertkov, "girma shugaban gundumar Moscow soja", kazalika da II Gorbunov-Posadov, NN Gusev, IK Roche, VV Chertkov da VV Shershenev. A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1929, a wani taron gaggawa na Majalisar Soja ta Moscow, tawagar ta sanar da mambobin majalisar cewa "Halin MOUNI game da mika wuya na wuraren ya dogara ne akan shawarar da manyan hukumomi suka yanke" da kuma jinkiri. don ba za a ba da izinin canja wurin wuraren ba. Bugu da kari, an bayar da rahoton cewa, All-Russian Central Executive Committee (wanda VV Mayakovsky ya fara jayayya a cikin 1924 a cikin sanannen waka "Jubilee" sadaukar da AS Pushkin) dauki wani ƙuduri a kan canja wurin harabar Moscow Soja District. zuwa ga anti-alcohol O. Babban Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Rasha na Rasha bai fahimci rufe gundumar Soja ta Moscow ba.
Washegari, 13 ga Fabrairu, 1929, a wani taro na Majalisar Soja ta Moscow, an yanke shawarar nada babban taron gaggawa na membobin gundumar Sojan Moscow a ranar Litinin, 18 ga Fabrairu, da ƙarfe 7:30 na yamma don tattaunawa. halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu dangane da hana O-va harabar da kuma bukatar tsaftace shi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu. A daidai wannan taron, an bukaci babban taron da ya amince da shigar da O-in cikakken mambobi 18, da kuma fafatawa a gasa. - 9. Taron na gaba na Majalisar (31 ba) ya faru a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu: VG Chertkov ya ba da rahoto game da tsantsa da ya samu daga ka'idar Presidium na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Rasha ta Tsakiya daga 2/2-29, No. 95, wanda ya ambaci Gundumar Soja ta Moscow a matsayin "tsohon" O-ve, bayan haka VG Chertkov aka umurce shi da kansa ya bayyana tambaya game da matsayin O-va a cikin Babban Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, an yanke shawarar makomar ɗakin karatu na Gundumar Soja ta Moscow: don yin amfani da shi mafi kyau, an yanke shawarar canja shi zuwa cikakken ikon mallakar shugaban girmamawa na O-va, VG Chertkov; A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, Majalisar ta yanke shawarar "yi la'akari da Kiosk Kiosk wanda aka rushe daga 26 / II - p. , kuma a ranar 9 ga Maris, an yanke shawara: “Ka yi la’akari da Zuciyar Yara na Tsibirin da aka rushe daga ranar 15 ga Maris na wannan shekara. G." A wani taro da Majalisar ta yi a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1929, an ba da rahoton cewa, kantin sayar da abinci na al’umma ya ruguje, wanda ya faru a ranar 17 ga Maris, 1929.
GMIR (f. 34 op. 1/88. No. 1) yana kiyaye daftarin aiki mai suna "Charter of the Moscow Vegetative Society" mai suna ALN Tolstoy. A kan taken taken akwai alamar Sakataren Majalisar na gundumar Soja ta Moscow: “22/5-1928 <…> don No. 1640 Yarjejeniyar Janar. an aika zuwa sakatariyar <…> na Shugabancin Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Duk-Rusa. Ta hanyar hali <...> 15-IV [1929] No. 11220/71, an sanar da Society cewa an ƙi yin rajistar kundin tsarin mulki kuma an hana su duka ayyuka. MVO". Wannan tsari na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Duk-Russian Tsakiya ya nuna a cikin "Halin AOMGIK-a daga 15-1929 p. [11220131] A'a. 18 yana bayyana cewa an ƙi yin rajistar rajistar yarjejeniyar O-va ta kwamitin zartarwa na Moscow Gubernia, dalilin da ya sa AOMGIK ya ba da shawarar dakatar da duk ayyukan a madadin O-va. A Afrilu 1883 Majalisar na Moscow Soja District, dangane da "shawarwari" na AOMGIK don dakatar da ayyukan O-va, ya yanke shawarar aika da zanga-zangar tare da roko a kan wannan shawara ga majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar. RSFSR. An damƙa rubuta rubutun ga IK Roche da VG Chertkov (Chertkov ɗaya wanda LN Tolstoy ya rubuta wasiƙu masu yawa tsakanin 1910 da 5 wanda ya ƙunshi juzu'i 90 na littafin ilimi mai girma 35…). Majalisar ta kuma yanke shawarar tambayar Tolstoy Museum, a cikin ra'ayi na liquidation na O-va, yarda da dukan kayan a cikin archive na gidan kayan gargajiya (rashin lafiya. 1932 yy) - shugaban gidan kayan gargajiya a wancan lokacin shi ne NN Gusev. ... Gidan kayan tarihi na Tolstoy, a nasa bangare, daga baya ya canza waɗannan takardu zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Addini da Atheism na Leningrad, wanda aka kafa a XNUMX - GMIR na yau.
Minti na 7 na Gundumar Soja ta Moscow mai kwanan wata ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1929 ta ce: “Ku yi la’akari da dukan shari’o’in O-va da aka kammala.”
Dole ne a dakatar da sauran ayyukan jama'a, ciki har da rarraba hectographed "Haruffa daga Abokan Tolstoy". Rubutun aure na kwafin rubutu mai zuwa:
“Ya kai abokina, muna sanar da kai cewa an soke wasiƙun Abokan Tolstoy saboda wasu dalilai da suka wuce ikonmu. Lambobin ƙarshe na Haruffa sun kasance No. 1929 don Oktoba 7, amma muna buƙatar kuɗi, tun da yawancin abokanmu sun sami kansu a kurkuku, kuma a cikin la'akari da karuwar wasiƙu, wanda wani ɓangare ya maye gurbin wasiƙun da aka dakatar daga Abokan Tolstoy, kodayake kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci da aikawa.
A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, an kama wasu abokanmu na Moscow da yawa kuma aka kai su kurkukun Butyrka, wanda 2, IK Rosha da NP Chernyaev, an sake su bayan makonni uku a kan beli, da abokai 4 - IP Basutin (sakataren VG Chertkov), Sorokin. , IM, Pushkov, VV, Neapolitan, Yerney an kai su zuwa Solovki na shekaru 5. Tare da su, abokinmu AI Grigoriev, wanda aka kama a baya, an tura shi zuwa shekara ta 3rd. An kama abokanmu da masu irin wannan tunani a wasu wurare a Rasha.
Janairu 18th p. Hukumomin gida sun yanke shawarar tarwatsa babbar hanyar sadarwa a kusa da Moscow na Leo Tolstoy mai ra'ayi iri ɗaya, Rayuwa da Ma'aikata. An yanke shawarar cire ’ya’yan kwamishinoni daga cibiyoyin ilimi, aka kuma gurfanar da Majalisar Komnadi.
Tare da baka mai sada zumunci a madadin V. Chertkov. Bari in sani idan kun sami Wasika daga Abokan Tolstoy No. 7.
A cikin ashirin a cikin manyan biranen, gidajen cin abinci na cin ganyayyaki sun ci gaba da kasancewa a karo na farko - wannan, musamman, an tabbatar da littafin I. Ilf da E. Petrov "Chairs Sha Biyu". A watan Satumba na 1928, Vasya Shershenev, shugaban New Yerusalim-Tolstoy commune (arewa maso yammacin Moscow), aka miƙa don gudanar da cin ganyayyaki a Moscow a lokacin hunturu kakar. An kuma zabe shi shugaban kungiyar masu cin ganyayyaki na Moscow don haka sau da yawa yakan yi balaguro daga gundumar "New Yerusalim-Tolstoy" zuwa Moscow. Koyaya, a kusa da 1930, ƙungiyoyin kwaminisanci da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar suna da suna. LN Tolstoy an sake tsugunar da su da karfi; tun 1931, wata sanarwa bayyana a cikin Kuznetsk yankin, tare da 500 members. Waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi sun kasance suna da ayyukan noma masu amfani; misali, commune "Rayuwa da Labor" kusa da Novokuznetsk, a yammacin Siberiya, a 54 digiri latitude, gabatar da namo na strawberries ta amfani da greenhouses da hothouse gadaje (rashin lafiya. 36 yy), kuma a Bugu da kari kawota sabon masana'antu shuke-shuke, musamman Kuznetskstroy. , musamman kayan lambu masu mahimmanci. Duk da haka, a cikin 1935-1936. An rusa jama'ar, an kama da yawa daga cikin mambobinta.
Zaluntar da Tolstoyans da sauran kungiyoyi (ciki har da Malevanians, Dukhobors da Molokans) aka yi a karkashin mulkin Soviet Mark Popovsky ya bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin littafin Rasha Men Tell. Mabiyan Leo Tolstoy a cikin Tarayyar Soviet 1918-1977, wanda aka buga a 1983 a London. Kalmar "cin ganyayyaki" a cikin M. Popovsky, dole ne a ce, ana samuwa ne kawai lokaci-lokaci, wato saboda gaskiyar cewa ginin gundumar Soja ta Moscow har zuwa 1929 ita ce cibiyar taro mafi mahimmanci ga mabiyan Tolstoy.
Ƙarfafa tsarin Soviet a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 ya kawo ƙarshen gwaje-gwajen cin ganyayyaki da salon rayuwar da ba na al'ada ba. Gaskiya ne, har yanzu an yi yunƙurin ceton cin ganyayyaki dabam-dabam - sakamakonsu shi ne rage ra'ayin cin ganyayyaki zuwa abinci mai gina jiki a cikin kunkuntar ma'ana, tare da ƙin yarda da dalilai na addini da ɗabi'a. Don haka, alal misali, Leningrad Vegetarian Society yanzu an sake masa suna "Leningrad Scientific and Hygienic Vegetarian Society", wanda, tun daga 1927 (duba sama, shafi. 110-112 yy), ya fara buga Tsabtace Abinci na wata biyu (rashin lafiya). shekaru 37). A cikin wata wasika mai kwanan watan Yuli 6, 1927, Leningrad al'umma juya zuwa ga Majalisar na Moscow Soja District, wanda ya ci gaba da Tolstoy ta hadisai, tare da bukatar bayar da ra'ayi game da sabuwar mujalla.
A ranar tunawa da Leo Tolstoy a shekara ta 1928, mujallar Food Hygiene ta buga kasidu da ke maraba da gaskiyar cewa kimiyya da hankali sun yi nasara a gwagwarmayar cin ganyayyaki na addini da na ɗabi'a da cin ganyayyaki na kimiyya da tsafta. Amma ko da irin wannan zarafi maneuvers bai taimaka: a 1930 kalmar "mai cin ganyayyaki" bace daga cikin taken mujallar.
Gaskiyar cewa duk abin da zai iya zama daban ya nuna ta misalin Bulgaria. Tuni a lokacin rayuwar Tolstoy, koyarwarsa ta yadu sosai a nan (duba shafi na 78 a sama don amsawar da aka samu ta hanyar buga Mataki na Farko). A cikin rabin farkon karni na 1926, Tolstoyism ya bunkasa a Bulgaria. Tolstoyans na Bulgaria suna da nasu jaridu, mujallu, gidajen buga littattafai da kantin sayar da littattafai, waɗanda galibi suna haɓaka adabin Tolstoyan. An kuma kafa wata al'umma mai cin ganyayyaki, tare da ɗimbin mambobi, da sauran abubuwa, suna da hanyar sadarwa na kantuna, wanda kuma ya zama wurin rahotanni da tarurruka. A cikin 400, an gudanar da taron masu cin ganyayyaki na Bulgaria, wanda mutane 1913 suka shiga (bari mu tuna cewa yawan mahalarta taron na Moscow a 200 ya kai kawai 9). A wannan shekarar ne aka kafa kungiyar noma ta Tolstoy, wanda ko bayan watan Satumba na shekarar 1944, 40 ga watan Satumba, ranar da 'yan gurguzu suka hau kan karagar mulki, gwamnati ta ci gaba da girmama ta, tun da aka dauke ta a matsayin gonakin hadin gwiwa mafi kyau a kasar. . “Ƙungiyar Tolstoyan ta Bulgaria ta haɗa da mambobi uku na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Bulgaria, sanannun masu fasaha biyu, malaman jami'a da yawa da mawaƙa aƙalla takwas, marubutan wasan kwaikwayo da marubuta. An amince da shi a matsayin wani muhimmin al'amari na haɓaka al'adu da ɗabi'a na rayuwar mutum da zamantakewa na Bulgaria kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yanayin 'yanci na dangi har zuwa ƙarshen 1949s. A cikin Fabrairu 1950, an rufe cibiyar Sofia Vegetarian Society kuma ta zama kulob din jami'ai. A cikin Janairu 3846, Ƙungiyar Masu cin ganyayyaki ta Bulgaria, wanda a lokacin yana da mambobi 64 a cikin kungiyoyi na gida na XNUMX, ya ƙare.