Contents
Mafarkin mai lambu shine lush, lafiyayyen daji na fure. Amma wardi, kamar sauran shuke-shuke, kwari da cututtuka na iya faruwa ko da tare da kulawa mai kyau. Kada ku ji tsoro idan ba zato ba tsammani ku lura da lalacewa ganye - wannan ba yana nufin cewa fure zai mutu ba. Menene cututtuka na wardi da kuma yadda za ku kare kanku daga gare su a cikin wannan labarin.
Dalili na iya zama rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko mummunan yanayi. Don nasarar noman wardi, kuna buƙatar samun damar gane alamun lalacewar cuta don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace a cikin lokaci kuma ku taimaka shuka ta jure wa annoba.
Cututtuka
Lokacin zabar nau'ikan wardi, masu lambu suna kula da halayen su. Tabbas, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa idan an rubuta cewa iri-iri suna jure wa cututtuka, wannan ba yana nufin cewa wannan samfurin ba zai taɓa yin rashin lafiya ba. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a sami damar bambance alamun cututtukan fure da aiwatar da aiki a kan lokaci. Babban cututtuka na wardi:
- Cutar fungal mai haɗari ita ce ruwan hoda mučnistaâ. Yawanci yana cutar da tsire-tsire a lokacin rani da farkon kaka. Lokacin da kamuwa da cuta, wani farin rufi yana bayyana akan ganye da buds, ganyen ya fara murƙushewa ya faɗi. Taimakawa ga bayyanar wannan cuta m plantings, bushe ƙasa, rashin alli da wuce haddi nitrogen da takin mai magani. Yana da mahimmanci don fara sarrafa tsire-tsire a alamar farko na farkon cutar. Ana yin fesa tare da foundationazole ko phytosporin sau da yawa har sai alamar cutar ta ɓace. Idan magani bai taimaka ba, kuna buƙatar cire daji da ya shafa tare da wani ɓangare na ƙasa. Kar a bar ganyen da suka fadi.
Powdery mildew akan wardi - Rust. A causative wakili na wannan cuta ne tsatsa naman gwari. Kurar lemu ta fara bayyana kusa da buds da tushen abin wuya, sannan ana iya ganin tabo mai launin ruwan kasa akan ganyen. Naman gwari yana cire abubuwan gina jiki daga fure, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar shuka. Dole ne a cire harbe da ganye da abin ya shafa. Ana amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux don rigakafi da magani.
Bayyanar ƙananan ƙwayoyin rawaya a kan wardi yana nuna lalacewar tsatsa. - Mafi hatsari cuta bakin tabo. Ganyen cikin sauri ya zama an rufe shi da manyan baƙaƙen aibobi kuma ya faɗi. Itacen na iya rasa duk ganye ya mutu. Rikicin yaki da wannan cuta shine gaskiyar cewa yana shafar shuka a farkon bazara, kuma alamun lalacewa na iya zama sananne ne kawai a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Don hana yaduwar kamuwa da cuta, dole ne a tattara duk ganyen da suka fadi a kona su. A cikin bazara, da zaran ganye sun fara fure, ya zama dole don bi da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan karfe, irin su sulfate jan karfe, cakuda Bordeaux. Idan alamun cututtuka sun bayyana, sake yin magani a lokacin rani. Hakanan kuna buƙatar fesa ƙasa a kusa da shuka, kamar yadda naman gwari mai cutarwa zai iya ci gaba a cikin ƙasa.
Yellowing ganyen fure tare da bayyanar baƙar fata yana nuna tabo baƙar fata - m tabo. Wannan ba irin wannan cuta ba ce mai haɗari. Lokacin da ya bayyana, wanda aka bayyana ta tabo masu siffar da ba daidai ba, ya isa ya inganta magudanar ruwa, ciyawa ƙasa da ciyar da shuka tare da taki mai rikitarwa.
Tabo mai launin shuɗi akan ganyen fure - Ciwon daji na kwayoyin cuta. Wata cuta mai haɗari. Yana bayyana azaman tabo mai launin ruwan kasa wanda ke bayyana akan kara. Bawon ya fashe kuma harbin ya mutu. Dole ne a yanke tushen marasa lafiya kuma a ƙone su. Naman gwari da ke haifar da wannan cuta yakan shiga lokacin da mai tushe ya lalace ta hanyar injiniya. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye tsaftataccen tsafta da kuma kula da yankan gefuna tare da maganin barasa. Bayan kun aiwatar da pruning na tsafta, ciyar da daji tare da hadadden taki. Kafin karewa wardi don hunturu, ya kamata a cire ganye da harbe-harbe marasa tushe, ya kamata a fesa bushes tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan karfe.
Ciwon daji wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba na tushe na fure - Guguwa. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa, farawa daga tip, harbi ya ɓace. Irin wannan lamari zai iya farawa bayan karawar sanyi, powdery mildew ko cutar tabo baƙar fata, tare da rashi na gina jiki - potassium, calcium da phosphorus. Ya kamata a gudanar da suturar saman bisa ga jadawalin farawa a farkon bazara. Ya kamata a yanke harbe-harbe da aka shafa zuwa toho da ke ƙasa da yankin da abin ya shafa.
Tebur yana nuna cututtukan fure na yau da kullun, ƙwayoyin cuta da magani.
| sunan | Alamun | Yaya da abin da za a bi da su |
|---|---|---|
| launin toka mold | Cutar ta bayyana a cikin bazara bayan adana seedlings kuma bayan tsari don hunturu, aibobi masu launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana akan ganye da mai tushe, suna juya zuwa shuɗi mai laushi. Babban dalilin cutar naman gwari shine Botrytis cinerea Pers. | Cire ganye da mai tushe da cutar ta lalace, fesa fure, seedling da wurin ajiya tare da fungicides - Fundazol, Benlat, Teldor, Maxim. |
| anthracnose | Ganyen yana rufe da ƙananan baƙar fata, a farkon matakin yana da sauƙi a rikice tare da baƙar fata. A cikin ci gaba da ci gaba da cutar, launi na spots ya canza zuwa ja ko shunayya, a nan gaba, ramukan na iya samuwa a wuraren wuraren da aka gano. Babban abin da ke haifar da naman gwari shine Sphaceloma rosarum. | Cire da lalata sassan furen marasa lafiya kuma a fesa da fungicides. Mafi dacewa: Ridomil Gold, Fundazol, Riba da Topaz. Ana iya buƙatar sake sarrafawa. |
| Cerkosporoz | Daya daga cikin irin hange wardi, kananan yawa launin ruwan kasa spots da duhu iyaka form a kan babba gefen ganye. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, tsakiyar tabo ya zama launin toka kuma gefuna ya zama duhu purple. Babban dalilin cutar shine naman gwari - Cercospora rosiola Pass. | Haka kuma ana bi da shi zuwa baƙar fata, ta hanyar cire sassan furen da suka kamu da feshi. |
| septoria | Cutar tana ta hanyoyi da yawa kama da sauran tabo, ganyen yana lulluɓe da ɗimbin duhu masu launin ruwan kasa, waɗanda ke haskakawa a tsakiya na tsawon lokaci, suna barin bakin iyaka mai duhu. Babban dalilin cutar shine naman gwari - Septoria rosae Desm. | Haka kuma ana bi da shi zuwa baƙar fata, ta hanyar cire sassan furen da suka kamu da feshi. |
| Pestalozziosis | Brown spots bayyana a kan gefuna na ganye, girma zuwa tsakiyar, iyakar lafiya da kuma shafi ganye nama sau da yawa yana da halayyar rawaya launi. Babban dalilin cutar naman gwari shine Pestalotia rosae West. | Cire mai tushe tare da ganyayyaki masu cututtuka, fesa dukan fure tare da fungicides: mai tushe, ganye, buds. Ruwan Bordeaux, Topaz, Abiga-Peak sun dace. |
| Downy Mildew | An rufe harbe da kananan aibobi masu launin ja-launin ruwan kasa, ganyen sun zama fari mai laushi kuma suna haɓaka talauci, sannu a hankali kuma sun faɗi. Cutar na iya rikicewa tare da ƙonewar sinadarai. Babban dalilin cutar shine naman gwari - Pseudoperonospora sparsa. | Wajibi ne a cire sassan furen da cutar ta lalace (ganye, mai tushe). Fesa daji na fure da ƙasa a kusa da shi tare da fungicides. Ridomil Gold, Fundazol. |
| Mučnistaâ ruwan hoda | Sassan furen an rufe su da launin toka mai launin toka. Yawancin lokaci cutar tana lalata ganye, mai tushe da buds na wardi. Babban dalilin cutar naman gwari shine Sphaerotheca pannosa | Wajibi ne a cire sassan shuka da cutar ta shafa. Fesa tare da fungicides - Bactofit, Skor, Topaz, Fitosporin. Bada damar samun iska mai kyau zuwa fure. |
| Black tabo | An rufe daji mai fure da baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa, galibi cutar ta lalata ganyen wardi. Babban dalilin cutar shine naman gwari - Marssonina rosae | Wajibi ne a cire sassan daji na furen da cutar ta lalace kuma a fesa tare da fungicides. Ridomil Gold, Fundazol, Riba sun dace. |
| Rust | Tsatsa-kamar tsiro suna tasowa akan mai tushe da ganye. Ganyen suna raunana, suna haskakawa kuma suna faduwa. Ganyayyaki, mai tushe da buds na wardi sun fi kamuwa da cuta. Babban dalilin cutar naman gwari shine Phragmidium | Wajibi ne a cire sassan da aka shafa na fure, yada iska mai kyau da fesa. Topaz, Abiga-Peak sun dace da aiki, ana iya amfani da cakuda Bordeaux da maganin jan karfe sulfate. Ana buƙatar sarrafawa da yawa. |
Useswayoyin cuta
Baya ga cututtukan fungal, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya shafar wardi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- Mosaic blotch virus. Kuna iya gane shi ta wuraren haske a sassa daban-daban na shuka.
Mosaic blotch virus akan fure - Rose streak virus. Ganyen da ke kusa da gefuna suna da alama suna kewaye da iyakar burgundy.
Banding virus yana bayyana akan tukwici na ganyen fure
Kwayoyin cututtuka na wardi ba a bi da su. Wajibi ne a cire tsire-tsire marasa lafiya tare da tushen da ɓangaren ƙasa. Ana buƙatar ƙone bushes da aka cire. Zubar da ƙasa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate, ya kamata su aiwatar da kayan aikin lambu. Tsirrai makwabta suna buƙatar kulawa da wakilai don rigakafin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Gudanar da ciyarwa.
Don kauce wa faruwar wadannan da sauran cututtuka, kana bukatar ka duba shuke-shuke kafin siyan seedlings da / ko kafin dasa shuki fure. Kuma gudanar da aiki na yau da kullun na rosary.
Kula da cututtuka
Kulawa da kyau na wardi yana taimaka musu su tsayayya da cututtuka, amma ba zai iya kare su gaba ɗaya ba. Babban hanyar kariya daga bayyanar, alal misali, baƙar fata ko powdery mildew shine maganin tsire-tsire tare da magungunan kashe qwari. Lokacin amfani da su, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye matakan tsaro masu sauƙi.
Fesa kayan aiki
Idan lalacewar ta yi ƙanƙanta, ana iya amfani da feshin hannu. Idan kana buƙatar bi da babban yanki, to, yana da kyau a yi amfani da sprayer tare da famfo. Don jin daɗin ɗaukar shi, zaɓi ƙarar lita 5. Wajibi ne don kula da nisa da aka ba da shawarar zuwa shuka lokacin fesa.
Fesa shiri
Ana buƙatar magungunan fungicides don rigakafin cututtuka, musamman na fungal. Yawanci, ana yin maganin fungicides sau da yawa. Kafin fara maganin shuke-shuke, kana buƙatar yin nazarin umarnin don amfani da kwayoyi a hankali. Yana da mahimmanci a bi shawarwarin don adadin maganin.
Muhimmanci! Kada ka manta cewa ba za ka iya amfani da jita-jita da aka yi amfani da su a baya don maganin herbicide.
Lokacin da yadda ake fesa
Akwai wasu dokoki, bin abin da ba za ku cutar da wardi ba kuma ku ƙara tasiri na hanya:
- Ana yin fesa a ranar gajimare da kwanciyar hankali.
- Dole ne ganyen shuka ya bushe.
- A lokacin lokacin furanni, ana yin feshi da yamma don kada a cutar da kudan zuma.
- Kuna buƙatar fesa bangarorin biyu na sama da na ƙasa na ganye har sai ruwan ya fara ɗigo daga gare su.
- Daidaita mai fesa don haka jet mai ƙarfi na hazo yana jagorantar wardi.
- Tabbatar cewa maganin ba ya shiga fata. Ya kamata a yi fesa a cikin tufafi masu kariya da safar hannu.
Masu aikin farko na farko suna aiwatar da lambun fure kamar yadda ake buƙata lokacin da suka lura da alamun cututtuka lokacin nazarin wardi. Tare da wannan hanyar, kuna buƙatar samun ƙananan kayan aiki a hannu. Don haka don rigakafin cututtuka na yau da kullun, zaku iya amfani da "Derozal" ko "Terminator", wanda ya ƙunshi. karbendazim.
Kwararru sun fi son aiwatar da wardi bisa ga jadawalin a duk lokacin kakar, kuma suna amfani da kayan aiki na musamman kawai a lokuta na gaggawa. Ana gudanar da manyan jiyya a cikin Mayu, Yuni da Satumba. Ana fesa bushes ɗin tare da cakuda permethrin (maganin kwari da kwari) da carbendazim (maganin fungicides). Tsakanin waɗannan jiyya, ƙarin sprays tare da carbendazim yana yiwuwa idan akwai baƙar fata ko mildew powdery.
| Group | Nunawa | Sunayen fungicides |
|---|---|---|
| Benzimidazoles | Suna da tasiri na tsarin, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da su ta hanyar ban ruwa, an rarraba su da kyau a ko'ina cikin shuka tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai gina jiki. Madalla don maganin cututtukan fungal da yawa. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman seedling da wakili mai suturar iri. | Ferazim, Terminator, Derozal, Shtefazal, Bavemtin; Benlat, Fundazol, Agrocyte, Vial, Vincit, Tekto (fungicides sun ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban) |
| Triazole | Shiga zurfi cikin leaf na shuka, motsi a baya da batu na girma, da kare matasa harbe daga cututtuka, m ga lura da yawa iri fungal cututtuka na shuke-shuke. | Mai sauri, Raba, Topaz, Tasiri, Vincite, Vectra, Bayleton, Tosonite, Vial, Lospel, Real, Premis25, Raxil, Terrasil, Tilt, Sumi8, Falcon hade fungicide, Folicur hade, Shavit hade, Rex, Allegro Plus, Bumper, Alto (magungunan sun ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban). |
| Karbamates | Suna da tasiri na tsari, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da wakili na ban ruwa a matsayin wakili na prophylactic, yana yaduwa da kyau ta hanyar tsarin jijiyoyin jini na shuka. | Previkur, Tatu, Topsin-M, Cabrio Top (suna da kayan aiki daban-daban) |
| Hydroxyanilide | Yana da tasiri na tsarin kariya, ba phytotoxic ga mutane da dabbobi ba, kuma yana da kyakkyawan magani ga rot da powdery mildew. | Teldor |
| Abubuwan da aka samo asali na Piperazine | Suna da tasiri mai kariya da warkarwa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi a kan powdery mildew, rot da launin toka | Saprol |
| Pyrimidamines | Yana da tasiri na tsarin, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi da powdery mildew. | Rubigan, Milgo, Horus (fungicides tare da nau'ikan aiki daban-daban) |
| Imidazoles | Mai tasiri akan powdery mildew da mold. | Mirage, Sportak, Trifmin. |
| Abubuwan da aka samo daga acid hydroxycarboxylic | Suna da tasiri na tsarin, ana amfani da su azaman seedling da wakili mai sutura iri. | Vitavax, Carboxin |
| Dithiocarbamates | Suna da aikin lamba, suna da tasiri a tsakanin jiyya don haɗuwa tare da sauran fungicides. | Polycarbacin; Ditan, Acrobat (mancozeb); Antrakol; Ridomil-Gold hade (mancozeb, metalaxyl); Cabrio Top (fungicides tare da kayan aiki daban-daban). |
| Organophosphorus | Yana da tasiri akan mildew downy, powdery mildew da launin toka mold. | Allett, fosetil aluminum, Efal, Mitsu Alufit Afugan |
| Amino acid abubuwan da suka samo asali | Yana da tasiri na tsari, ana ba da shawarar aikace-aikacen guda ɗaya. Tasiri a cikin lura da downy mildew. | Metalaxil, Ridomil, Alacid, Apron, Creptan, Sandofan, Arceride, Maxim, metalaxyl-M |
| Acetamides da oxazolidine abubuwan da suka samo asali | Yana da tasiri a kan rashin lafiyan marigayi, Alternaria, mildew. | Thanos - hade |
| Strobilurin | Yana da tasiri mai tasiri, yana shiga cikin kyallen takarda na shuka, yana iya motsawa a bayan ci gaban girma, yana kare harbe. Yana da babban juriya ga matsanancin zafin jiki, ana bada shawara a matsayin wakili mai kyau na prophylactic. Yana da nau'i-nau'i mai yawa na aikin, wanda ya dace da yawancin cututtukan fungal. | Strobi, Flint, Quadris, Cabrio Top (fungicides sun ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban) |
Bayan an fesa
Bayan kammala aikin sarrafa tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar kurkura sosai da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su, sannan ku wanke hannayenku da fuska. Ba za a iya adana ragowar cakuda don fesa tsire-tsire ba. Kowane lokaci ya wajaba don shirya sabon bayani.
Yana da mahimmanci a adana sinadarai da ake amfani da su don yin feshi a wuri mai aminci wanda yara ba za su iya isa ba. Kar a adana su a cikin tulu ko kwalabe masu takalmi mara kyau ko ba tare da su ba. Bayan amfani da abun ciki dole ne a zubar da shi.
Matsaloli a cikin girma wardi kama da cututtuka
Idan, lokacin girma wardi, kun ga lalacewa a cikin ci gaban daji, bayyanar aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki, wannan ba koyaushe yana nuna cutar shuka ba. Wannan na iya zama saboda kuskuren wurin dasa shuki ko ƙarancin ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Bari mu dubi irin matsalolin da za ku iya fuskanta.
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Gogaggen ma'aikaci zai iya tantance ta bayyanar shukar wane nau'in shuka ya rasa kuma ya daidaita jadawalin ciyarwa.
- Karancin Nitrogen. Ganyen matasa sun zama ƙanana, launinsu ya yi kyau, suna faɗuwa kafin lokaci. Wani lokaci za ka iya ganin tabo masu ja a kansu. Mai tushe ya raunana kuma ya lanƙwasa.
- Rashin sinadarin phosphorus. Ganyen matasa sun zama koren duhu mai launin ja-violet. Tushen suna murƙushewa.
- Rashin potassium. Sau da yawa ana gani a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. Ganyen ganye suna ɗaukar launin ja, kuma manya suna bushewa a gefuna. Furen suna raguwa.
- Rashin Magnesium. Ganyen, suna farawa daga tsakiya, sun zama kodadde, nama ya mutu, ganyen ya faɗi.
- karancin ƙarfe. Ganyen suna rufe da rawaya spots, matasa harbe juya gaba daya rawaya. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar matakan musamman. Wajibi ne don rage matakin lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa. Takin "MultiTonic" zai yi daidai da aikin.
- Tsire-tsire masu daskarewa. Don sanin cewa daji ya lalace ta hanyar sanyi, zaku iya ta bayyanarsa. Ganyen da abin ya shafa sun bushe, sun zama sirara, yayyage, da launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana a gefuna. A cikin yankunan da ke da sanyi mai sanyi, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar tsari, wanda aka cire kawai bayan sanyi ya wuce, amma kafin farkon lokacin girma (budding).
- Ruwan da ba shi da kyau a tushen. Alamun waje suna kama da waɗanda ke nuna ƙarancin manganese, amma a wannan yanayin, jijiyoyin ganyen sun fara yin rawaya, sannan tabo ta yaɗu tare da ganyen. Wardi yana buƙatar magudanar ruwa mai kyau, wanda dole ne a kula dashi lokacin dasa shuki.
- Lalacewar ciyawa. Idan an yi amfani da maganin herbicides bisa ga wardi yayin da ake aiki a kan lawn, za ku iya ganin ganyen shukar sun fara murɗawa a karkace, kuma mai tushe ya zama ja kuma ya lanƙwasa. Dole ne a cire waɗannan harbe-harbe. Don hana irin wannan lalacewa, kada ku yi amfani da masu kashe ciyawa a rana mai iska, kada ku yi amfani da irin wannan ruwa don herbicide lawn da shayar da wardi.
- Rashin buɗe buds. Wani lokaci za ka iya lura da cewa kullum ci gaba toho ba ya bude, ta petals fara yin launin ruwan kasa. Dalilin yana iya zama danshi mai yawa, rashin rana.
Tips don Girma Wardi
Tabbas, ba zai yiwu a guje wa matsalolin da ke tattare da shuka wannan kyakkyawar fure ba gaba ɗaya. Yarda da ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi da aiwatar da matakan rigakafin za su cece ku daga matsalolin da yawa waɗanda ke tasowa yayin girma da furen daji:
- A hankali bincika seedlings kafin siyan. Tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi da harbe-harbe masu ƙarfi suna da mahimmanci. Seedlings kada su nuna alamun cututtuka ko kwari.
- Shuka wardi kawai a wuraren da ya dace da su. Wardi suna son haske, ba sa son iskar arewa da arewa maso gabas, ba za su iya tsayawa kusa da abin da ke faruwa na ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma tsananin acidity na kasa ba. Wurin da ya dace zai cece ku daga matsalolin da ke hade da jika, daskarewa, rashin haske da kuma girgiza daji ta hanyar iska.
- Koyaushe cire ganye da suka fadi da cire harbe. Dole ne a ƙone ganyen da abin ya shafa. Ba za ku iya saka su cikin takin ba.
- Shirya ƙasa da kyau. Wajibi ne don samar da magudanar ruwa da wadatar abinci a cikin ƙasa.
- Ciyar da wardi ta hanyar da ta dace. A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, bushes suna buƙatar nau'in ma'adanai daban-daban. Kada a ƙara lemun tsami da yawa a ƙasa.
- Duba tsire-tsire ku akai-akai. Yi mataki a farkon alamun rashin lafiya.
- Rufe kuma buɗe wardi a cikin lokaci. Kafin hunturu, cire duk ganye da harbe masu cutar. Bayan cire tsari, gudanar da maganin rigakafi tare da shirye-shirye dauke da jan karfe.
Kammalawa
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, bushes na fure za su kasance babban kayan ado na dogon lokaci kuma za su yi farin ciki tare da kyakkyawan siffar da fure mai laushi.