Tunanin birane don rayuwa mai lafiya
Mayu 9, 2008 - Zaɓin inda kuke zama ba ƙaramin abu ba ne. Wannan zaɓin yana da sakamako ga lafiyarmu, bisa ga ƙwararrun da suka tattauna batun kiwon lafiya a taron kwanan nan na Associationungiyar francophone pour le savoir (ACFAS), wanda aka gudanar a birnin Quebec daga 5 zuwa 9 ga Mayu, 2008.
Ecohealth sabon ra'ayi ne wanda ya haɗu da sanduna biyu: ilimin halitta da lafiya. Ga masana da yawa, shine a tsara birni da kewaye gwargwadon lafiyar mazaunanta da na muhalli. Har ila yau, sun mai da hankali kan abubuwa biyu masu alaƙa da lafiyar muhalli: hanyoyin sufuri da wurin da mutum yake zaune.
"Tafiya yana karuwa da sauri fiye da yawan jama'a," in ji Louis Drouin, likita mai kula da lafiyar jama'a kuma mai alhakin yanayin birane da bangaren kiwon lafiya a Agence de la santé et des Services sociaux de Montréal. "Akwai karin motoci kusan 40 a kowace shekara a cikin babban birni a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata," in ji shi, yana tunawa a cikin numfashi guda cewa amfani da jigilar jama'a ya ragu da 000% daga 7 zuwa 1987.
Tasiri kai tsaye akan lafiya
Ecohealth Wannan sabon ra'ayi yana yin la'akari da hulɗar da ke tsakanin rayayyun halittu da yanayin halittu a gefe guda, da tsarin zamantakewar da aka tsara bisa ga imani, hanyoyin ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma yanke shawara na siyasa a daya, in ji Marie Pierre Chevier, masanin ilimin ɗan adam. a Jami'ar Montreal. Kamar yanayin yanayin da furanni ko dabba suke, mutane suna hulɗa da muhallinsu. A cikin yanayinsa, birni, tsarin muhalli na "gina", ya maye gurbin yanayin yanayin halitta. |
“Yawancin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na kara yawan hadurran tituna da cututtukan zuciya saboda gurbacewar iska. Motoci suna rage motsi mai aiki, tare da sakamako akan kiba. Suna kara yawan iskar gas da hayaniya,” in ji Louis Drouin. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ke faruwa na tsibirin zafi - yankunan birane inda zafin jiki ya fi girma fiye da sauran wurare a lokacin bazara - an ƙarfafa shi yayin da yanki na bishiyoyi ya ragu da 18%, daga 1998 zuwa 2005, a cikin yankin na Montreal. Kuma wuraren da ke da katako suna zama wuraren ajiye motoci, hanyoyi da wuraren kasuwanci, in ji shi.
Da yake la'antar mizanin ci gaban biranen da ba safai ake tambaya kan ababen hawa a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, Louis Drouin yana kira da a dakatar da dokar Tsare-tsare da Amfani da Filaye. Domin rage yawan motocin da ke kan hanya, ya yi kira da a samar da jigilar jama'a "a kan lokaci, lafiya, samun dama, sauri, tare da keɓaɓɓen hanyoyi kamar a cikin Paris da Strasbourg. "
Louis Drouin ya ce "Lokaci ya yi da za a sake fasalin unguwanni don gano wuraren da aka fi sani da nisan tafiya," in ji Louis Drouin. Ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da gaskiyar cewa dole ne a sabunta kayan aikin tsufa, don sake tunani a cikin birni da kewaye.
Gundumar Bois-Francs: sakamako mara dadi
Nasarar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙauyen da ke haɓaka tafiye-tafiye masu ɗorewa (kekuna da tafiya) da kuma jigilar jama'a ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, in ji mista Carole Després, farfesa a Jami'ar Laval kuma wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Interdisciplinary akan kewayen birni. Gundumar Bois-Francs, a cikin gundumar Montreal ta Saint-Laurent, wanda aka tsara bisa ga waɗannan sabbin ka'idojin tsara birane, kyakkyawan misali ne na wannan. Mazaunanta 6 suna jin daɗin samun sauƙi zuwa hanyar keke, metro, jirgin ƙasa da bas. Babban wurin shakatawa ya mamaye 000% na yanki na gundumar, wanda yawansa shine gidaje 20 a kowace kadada.
Ko da ƙungiyar Amirka ta Congress for the New Urbanism ta amince da wannan gundumar, sakamakon binciken da aka yi kwanan nan1 Carole Després ta ce wani mai bincike daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa (INRS) ba ta da kyau. "Da mun so a ce mazauna gundumar Bois-Francs suna tafiya da yawa kuma suna ɗaukar motar ƙasa da na sauran gundumar, amma akasin haka. Mafi muni kuma, sun doke matsakaicin mota na mazauna yankin metro don tafiye-tafiye don nishaɗi da ilimi.
Yadda za a bayyana waɗannan sakamakon? Gudanar da lokaci, tana ɗaukar kasada. "Wataƙila muna da yaron da ya shiga shirin nazarin wasanni a bakin teku kuma muna da iyaye marasa lafiya da za mu kula da su, ko kuma mun canza ayyukan da ba su da nisa ... Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa mutane a yanzu ba a matakin unguwanni suke rayuwa ba, amma a sikelin birni. "Maganganun sabbin tsare-tsare na gari sune, a cewarta," bisa wani nau'in sha'awar unguwar da kuka yi tafiya zuwa makaranta. Halin mutane a yau ya fi rikitarwa. "
Bai fi kyau a unguwannin bayan gari ba
Sauye-sauyen yankunan ya zama dole don ingantacciyar lafiya, a cewar mai tsara birane Gérard Beaudet, darektan Cibiyar Urbanism na Jami'ar Montreal. "Fiye da rabin Amurkawa a yau suna zaune a bayan gari," in ji rahoton. Duk da haka, yana daya daga cikin al'ummomin da ke cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba da ke gabatar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya mafi mahimmanci. Don haka, zamu iya ganin cewa kewayen birni ba shine mafita na mu'ujiza ba wanda kowa yayi imani na dogon lokaci. " Muna neman mafita ba kawai don ingancin rayuwa da matsalolin motsi na mutane ba, har ma da lafiya, in ji Gérard Beaudet. "Alamomi da yawa sun nuna cewa, yayin da zama a cikin unguwannin matalauta ba fa'ida ba ne, zama a cikin unguwannin masu wadata ba lallai ba ne mafita," in ji shi.
Mélanie Robitaille - PasseportSanté.net
1. Barbonne Rémy, Sabon ƙauyen birni, haɓakawa da motsi na yau da kullun: darussan da aka koya daga gundumar Bois-Francs da Plateau Mont-Royal, a cikin Metropolization gani daga ciki, Edita ta Senecal G. & Behrer L. Bugawa da Presses de l'Université du Québec za ta buga.