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Lachrymation, rhinitis da tari - duk waɗannan alamun yawancin mutane suna ɗaukar alamun mura mai tasowa. Duk da haka, idan sun dame mutum a cikin bazara, bazara ko kaka, kuma suna maimaitawa a kusan lokaci guda, to wannan baya nuna kamuwa da cutar hoto, amma zazzabi hay na yanayi.
hay zazzabi (daga Latin "pollen" ko pollen) cuta ce mai rashin lafiyan da ke bayyana kanta a lokacin furen shuke-shuke. A wannan yanayin, mutum ya fara yin atishawa, tari, yana iya fama da ciwon asma, wani lokacin rashes na fata suna bayyana. A cewar CDC, 8,1% na yawan jama'a suna rashin lafiyar pollen. [1].
Pollinosis yana tasowa a cikin mutanen da suka sami lahani daga iyayensu. A karon farko, cutar tana jin kanta tun yana ƙarami. Mata sun fi fama da zazzabin hay. Idan ba a bi da shi ba, to yana barazanar zama na yau da kullun, wanda a nan gaba zai haifar da ci gaban asma.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da zazzabin hay
Pollinosis yana bayyana kansa a cikin mutumin da ya canza kwayoyin halitta, daidai lokacin da tsire-tsire suka fara yin fure, wanda rigakafinsa ya yi tasiri sosai. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da tsarin rigakafi don kunnawa, wanda ke haifar da halayen cututtuka.
Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna pollinated iska. Pollen su na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da iskar da aka shaka, suna shiga cikin bronchi, mucous membranes na lebe, idanu, da kuma bakin baki. Hakanan yana manne da fata. A cikin kowane sifofi da aka jera akwai ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke gane ƙwayoyin pollen waɗanda ke da alaƙa da su kuma suna fara sakin histamine da histidine cikin jini. Irin wannan amsawar jiki yana nunawa ta hanyar alamun da suka dace.
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta
Yiwuwar kamuwa da zazzabin hay a cikin yaro:
Idan iyaye biyu suna da rashin lafiyan, to, yaron ya kamu da cutar a cikin 50% na lokuta.
Idan kawai uwa ko uba suna fama da pollinosis, to, yiwuwar haɓaka cutar a cikin yaro shine 25%.
Idan iyaye ba su da rashin lafiyar jiki, to, yiwuwar bunkasa shi a cikin yaro shine 10%. Idan har ya rayu a cikin ecologically m yankunan daga haihuwa, an haife shi a cikin hunturu ko farkon bazara (ba a lokacin flowering lokaci na shuke-shuke), da kuma da wuya ci karo da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka, da alama na hay zazzabi ne minimized.
Masana kimiyya sun gano wasu abubuwa masu haɗari waɗanda ke ƙara yiwuwar haifar da rashin lafiyar yaro.
Sun hada da:
An haifi yaron daga wata mace wadda a ƙarshen lokacin ciki, ta yi fama da zazzabi mai tsanani.
An haifi yaron a lokacin dumi.
Yaron yana zaune a wani yanki da yanayin muhalli mara kyau.
A cikin watanni shida na farkon rayuwarsa a cikin birni, an saki abubuwa masu guba a cikin iska daga masana'antun masana'antu.
An gabatar da ƙarin abinci ga jariri da wuri, ko kuma ba tare da kiyaye ƙa'idodin asali ba.
Yaron ya ci abinci masu gina jiki masu kama da pollen allergen.
Lokutan furanni don tsire-tsire:
Mutum na iya jin alamun farko na zazzabin hay a cikin bazara - a ƙarshen Afrilu ko a farkon Mayu. Pollen irin bishiyoyi kamar: alder, hazel, Birch, poplar, itacen oak ko linden na iya haifar da ci gabanta. Mafi ƙanƙanta, dalilin rashin lafiyar shine pollen na bishiyoyi kamar: spruce, fir, cedar, Pine. Gaskiyar ita ce, barbashi na pollen su suna da girma, sabili da haka, ba duk mutane ba ne ke haifar da allergies.
Ana ganin wani barkewar cutar a karshen watan Mayu, a farkon watan Yuli. A wannan lokacin, hatsi Bloom. Pollinosis na iya tsokanar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire (sha'ir, alkama, hatsi, hatsin rai) da weeds (ciyawar kujera, ciyawa, ciyawa mai lankwasa, foxtail, Timothy, ryegrass). Idan mutum yana fama da rashin lafiyar pollen waɗannan tsire-tsire, kuma ya ci hatsi daga cikin hatsin da aka lissafa, to, ciwonsa zai fi tsanani. A wannan yanayin, allergens za su shiga cikin jiki ba kawai tare da iska ba, har ma da abinci. Bai kamata a yi tsammanin cewa maganin zafi zai canza tsarin sinadarai na furotin allergen ba. Har yanzu zai haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki.
Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa poplar fluff shine dalilin rashin lafiyar su. A gaskiya ma, ba zai iya shiga cikin sassan numfashi ba, saboda yana da girma da yawa. Duk da haka, furucin yana ɗaukar pollen mai kyau a kansa, saboda haka yana taimakawa wajen bayyanar da zazzabin hay.
Allergy sau da yawa tasowa a karshen Yuli, a watan Agusta da Satumba. A wannan lokacin, ciyawa kamar ragweed, quinoa, wormwood da nettles suna fure.
Pollinosis ba ya cutar da mutum duk shekara. Yana tasowa a cikin mazauna yankuna daban-daban na yanayi lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi girma da yawa. Misali, a kasashen kudu, cutar ta fara bayyana a baya, sannan a kasashen arewa, daga baya.
Yana da tasiri akan ruwan sama na pollinosis. Idan sun tafi sau da yawa, to, mutum yana jure wa rashin lafiyan sauƙi. A cikin fari, alamun pollinosis suna samun ƙarfi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa busassun iska yana ɗaukar pollen mafi kyau, kuma yana yada shi a kan nisa mai ban sha'awa. Ruwan sama, akasin haka, yana ƙusa shi a ƙasa. Idan zafin iska ya ragu, to, mutumin ya zama mafi kyau, tun da pollen ba ya tashi sama da matakin kafafu. Duk da haka, kafin tsawa, yawan ƙwayar pollen a cikin iska yana ƙaruwa sosai.
Abubuwan haɗari ga zazzabin hay
Yiwuwar kamuwa da zazzabin hay a cikin yaro:
Samun wasu allergies ko asma
Kasancewar atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Samun dangi na jini (kamar iyaye ko ɗan'uwa) mai ciwon alerji ko asma
Aiki wanda kullum yana fallasa ku zuwa ga allergens kamar dander na dabba ko ƙura
Haɗarin yana ƙaruwa idan mahaifiyar ta sha taba a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwar yaron.
Alamomin zazzabin hay
Mutumin da ke fama da pollinosis zai lura cewa cutar ta bayyana a lokaci guda a kowace shekara.
Alamun farko sune:
Itching a cikin hanci, makogwaro, kunnuwa.
Sneezing
Lachrymation da itching a cikin idanu. Rashin lafiyar conjunctivitis yana bayyana ta hanyar photophobia da jin yashi a cikin idanu.
Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan allergen ya shiga cikin sassan numfashi, mutum yana tasowa ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin wadannan alamun:
Kumburi da jajayen fatar ido, da kuma mucosa na idanu.
Abubuwan da ke ciki sun fara ficewa daga idanu.
Mai haƙuri yana da tari na paroxysmal.
Numfashi yana da wuya, ana iya samun hare-haren shaƙa.
Yanayin zafin jiki yana tashi zuwa matakan subfebrile.
Mutum yakan yi fushi, gajiyarsa ta karu.
Rashes suna fitowa akan fata. Suna iya kama da manyan aibobi, kamar masu amya, ko kuma su kasance a cikin siffa mai ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙara, wanda ke tunawa da dermatitis na atopic.
Al'aurar na iya fara ƙaiƙayi.
Masu fama da rashin lafiyar sukan haifar da alamun cystitis. Suna fara ziyartar bayan gida akai-akai don zubar da mafitsara. A lokacin fitsari, zafi mai kaifi yana bayyana, da kuma jin cewa gabobin ba su da komai.
Idan mutum ya kamu da rashin lafiyar hatsin rai, hatsi ko pollen alkama kuma a lokaci guda ya ci waɗannan samfuran, to rashin lafiyar zai yi tsanani. Mai haƙuri yana da alamun lalacewa ga gabobin numfashi, kuma yana haɓaka edema na mucous membrane na ƙwayar cuta tare da kumburi. Za a nuna wannan ta ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya, rashin kwanciyar hankali, da gudawa.
Rashin rashin lafiyar jiki. A lokacin daɗaɗɗen pollinosis, yuwuwar haɓaka rashin lafiyar giciye yana ƙaruwa. A lokaci guda kuma, alamun cututtukan da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta suna samun ƙarfi. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda dalilin da cewa antigens da ke da tsari mai kama da manyan allergens sun shiga cikin jiki. Mafi sau da yawa, tushen su shine abinci, wanda za'a bayyana a baya a cikin labarin.
Bidiyo: Natalia Ilyina, likitan fata-immunologist, MD, farfesa, babban likita na Cibiyar Immunology, zai yi magana game da zazzabin hay:
Gyaran salon rayuwa
Lokacin da cutar ta tsananta, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa allergen ya shiga cikin jiki kadan kamar yadda zai yiwu. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar tsaftace tufafinku, jikinku da gidan ku daga pollen gwargwadon yiwuwa.
Umarnin don majiyyaci ya bi:
Kurkure hanci da makogwaro tare da gishiri, ruwan gishirin teku, ko maganin gishiri (Humer, Aquamaris).
Shawa akai-akai kuma kurkura fuska da ruwa mai tsabta. Tabbatar da aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin bayan dawowa daga titi.
Kowace rana don yin tsabtace tsabta a cikin ɗakin.
Bayan ruwan sama da maraice, sanya iska a cikin dakin.
Iyakance lokacinku a waje a ranakun zafi da iska.
Huta a wuraren da akwai jikunan ruwa da shuke-shuke da ke haifar da allergies ba sa girma.
Kada ku bar birnin lokacin lokacin furanni.
Humidify da iska a cikin Apartment. Don yin wannan, zaku iya siyan humidifier, windows ya kamata a rataye su tare da gauze damp. Ana buƙatar a wanke shi akai-akai kuma a tabbatar da cewa bai bushe ba.
Ƙin kafet, matashin gashin fuka-fukai, bargo na ƙasa, kayan wasa masu laushi. Dukkansu suna tattara ƙura da pollen, don haka sun zama tushen allergens.
A cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan haɓaka garkuwar jiki:
Tsaya ga aikin yau da kullun.
taurare.
Don ƙin daga munanan halaye.
Yi wasanni.
Yarda da abinci
Ya kamata a tsara abincin ta hanyar da jiki ba zai karbi samfurori da zasu iya haifar da allergies ba. A karkashin haramcin ya fadi zuma, madara, 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus, cakulan.
Siffofin abinci don zazzabin hay:
Allergen | Kayayyakin da aka haramta |
hatsi | Porridge na hatsi, giya, burodi, kayan gari, zobo, taliya |
Birch, itacen apple, alder | Kiwi, plums, peaches, ja apples, tumatir, dankali, apricots, cucumbers, cherries, hazelnuts, seleri |
Sagebrush | Sunflower tsaba, 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus, zuma, chicory |
Ambrosia | tsaba sunflower, kankana da ayaba |
Quinoa | Alayyafo da beets |
ciyawa | zuma, dankali, sunflower tsaba, beets, margarine, kankana |
Shan magunguna
Antihistamines. Tushen maganin zazzabin hay shine maganin antihistamines. Suna toshe samar da histamine, suna kawar da alamun rashin lafiyar gama gari. A lokacin da wani exacerbation na cutar, na farko-ƙarni kwayoyi an wajabta: Suprastin, Tavegil, Diazolin, da dai sauransu.
Za'a iya ƙara magani tare da magunguna na ƙarni na 1 tare da magunguna na ƙarni na 3. Siffar su ta bambanta shine rashin jin barci.
Wadannan kudade sun hada da:
Cetirizine, Cetrin, Zodak, Zyrtec, L-cet.
Fexofast (Allegra, Fexadine).
Loratadine (Claritin, Klarotadine).
Erius (Eden, Lordestin, Desloratadine-TEVA, Desal).
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da maganin antihistamines a cikin nau'i na saukad da:
Kromoglin (Kromoheksal, Kromosol).
Fesa Allergodil.
Beconase (Nasobek), Avamys (Nazarel). Wadannan kwayoyi suna samuwa a cikin nau'i na feshin hanci, suna dauke da hormones na glucocorticosteroid, don haka an tsara su kawai lokacin da zazzabi na hay yana da rikitarwa ta sinusitis.
Antihistamines na ƙarni na 1st don rashin lafiyar jiki an tsara su ba tare da kasawa ba. Ana buƙatar ɗaukar su aƙalla na ɗan gajeren kwas. Suna dakatar da alamun rashin lafiyar jiki, suna sauƙaƙa wa marasa lafiya numfashi. Sha magani kafin kwanciya barci. A cikin yini, zaku iya amfani da samfuran ƙarni na 3 waɗanda basa haifar da bacci.
Idan, bayan kawar da maganin antihistamines, alamun zazzabin hay ba su koma baya ba, to ana amfani da Ketotifen don magani. Wannan magani ne mai tasiri mai tsawo wanda ke toshe masu karɓar histamine. Zai yiwu a ji tasirin maganin sa akan jiki kawai bayan watanni 1-2 daga farkon far. A lokaci guda kuma, mutum zai daina shan wahala daga hanci, zai sami kurji da lacrimation, da kuma bushewar tari mai raɗaɗi.
Corticosteroids na baka. Idan pollinosis yana da hanya mai tsanani, to, na ɗan gajeren lokaci an ba wa majiyyacin magungunan glucocorticosteroids (Metipred ko Prednisolone). Hakanan, yakamata mutum ya sha magunguna don kare ciki, misali, Omeprazole ko Almagel. An haramta amfani da dogon lokaci, saboda suna haifar da cataracts, raunin tsoka da osteoporosis.
Hancin corticosteroids. Fesa irin wannan nau'in yana magance kumburin da zazzabin hay ke haifarwa. Suna ba da magani mai aminci da inganci na dogon lokaci. Kuna iya ganin sakamakon farko a cikin mako guda. Mafi shahara sun hada da Flixonase, Altsedin, Nasonex, Avamys, Polydex da sauran analogues. Kuma ba kamar corticosteroids na baka ba, sprays suna da lafiya. [3].
Sulingual immunotherapy (ASIT). Immunotherapy a hankali yana rage hankalin marasa lafiya zuwa allergens da ke haifar da alamun su (a wasu yanayi, magani na iya zama tsayi, har zuwa shekaru 4-5). Duk da haka, yana haifar da remission na dogon lokaci kuma yana hana ci gaba da ciwon asma da sababbin cututtuka. [4].
Wadannan magungunan sun hada da: Antipollin, Diater, Lays Dermatophagoides da Lays Grass, Allergens Staloral da sauransu, amma waɗannan magungunan ya kamata a rubuta maka kawai ta hanyar likita, bayan gano allergen! Maganin kai ba ya halatta, tun da kowane miyagun ƙwayoyi yana aiki a matsayin wani allergen.
Ana nuna kwas ɗin ASIT a cikin lokacin sanyi. Likita yana allurar allergen a ƙarƙashin fata a cikin ɗan ƙaramin sashi (wannan zai guje wa girgiza anaphylactic), ko ya rubuta maganin baka a gida. A hankali ƙara yawan adadin allergen. Wannan zai ba da damar jiki ya dace da wani abu da ba shi da shi, kuma lokacin da lokacin furanni ya zo, mutumin zai kasance a shirye don shi.
Wani lokaci hanya 1 na ASIT ya isa ya jimre da zazzabin hay. Ko da yake a wasu lokuta suna buƙatar maimaita su tsawon shekaru da yawa.
Kawar da alamun cutar
Dangane da irin alamun zazzabin hay da ke fitowa, ana iya rubuta wa majiyyaci magunguna kamar:
Vasoconstrictor kwayoyi - Nazol, Lazolvan-rino, NOKsprey. Ana amfani da waɗannan magungunan don wahalar numfashin hanci. Tsarin aikace-aikacen su shine kwanaki 7. An ba da izini kawai lokacin da cunkoson hanci yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma akwai yuwuwar haɓaka sinusitis.
Tare da asma - Acolath, Mufuradi. Wadannan kwayoyi sune masu adawa da leukotriene. Ana rubuta su lokacin da alamun cutar asma ta bayyana, lokacin da mutum yana da wahalar numfashi lokacin fitar da numfashi, ciwon asma yana faruwa.
Tare da kumburin idanu - Ketotifen da Vizin Allergy. Ana amfani da waɗannan ɗigon ido don tsananin kumburi na gabobin hangen nesa da kuma lacrimation mai tsanani.
magunguna
Turmeric ya ƙunshi anti-allergic da na halitta Properties na decongestant. Nazarin ya nuna cewa turmeric yana hana rashin lafiyan halayen [5].
Wani nazari na 2012 na bincike 10 ya gano cewa kurkurawar hanci na saline yana da tasiri mai amfani ga yara da manya da zazzabin hay. [6].
Bidiyo: Me za a yi idan zazzabin ciyawa ya shiga cikin rayuwa?