Pneumosclerosis na huhu

Kalmar “pneumosclerosis” da magani ke amfani da ita tun 1819, farkon wanda ya fara amfani da shi shine Laennec, wanda ya yi haka don bayyana yanayin majiyyaci wanda bangon bronchus ya lalace, wani ɓangarensa ya ƙara girma. Ma'anar ta haɗu da kalmomin Helenanci guda biyu - haske da ƙaddamarwa.

Menene fibrosis na huhu?

Pneumosclerosis na huhu shine haɓaka mara kyau a cikin girman nau'in haɗin da zai iya faruwa a cikin huhu (s) na mutum a sakamakon kumburi, tsarin dystrophic. Yankunan da irin wannan nama ya shafa sun rasa elasticity, ana lura da canje-canje na pathological a cikin tsarin bronchi. Naman huhu yana raguwa kuma yana yin kauri, gabobin yana samun daidaituwa mai yawa, rashin iska, kuma matsawa yana faruwa. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan cuta tana fuskantar maza (amma mata ma ba su da kariya), rukunin shekaru ba ya taka rawa.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da pneumosclerosis

Akwai cututtuka, rashin isasshen lokaci da isasshen magani wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaban pneumosclerosis a cikin mai haƙuri:

• sarcoidosis na huhu;

• tarin fuka (pleura, huhu), mycosis;

• mashako a cikin wani nau'i na kullum;

• ciwon huhu (cututtuka, aspiratory, viral);

• iskar gas na masana'antu;

• radiation far (a cikin yaki da ciwon daji);

• alveolitis (fibrosing, allergies);

• lalacewar ganuwar jini (granulomatosis);

• na kullum gastroesophageal reflux;

• lalacewa ga sternum, rauni ga parenchyma na huhu;

• kwayoyin halitta (cututtukan huhu);

• exudative pleurisy (siffa mai tsanani, tsawaita hanya);

• kasashen waje kashi a cikin bronchi.

Hakanan ana iya haifar da cutar ta hanyar shan magunguna da yawa (apressin, cordarone). Bugu da ƙari, munanan halaye (shan taba), rashin lafiyar muhalli (zama a cikin yanki mai haɗari) ana la'akari da abubuwan haɗari.

Akwai sana'o'in da masu su ke cikin haɗarin haɗari. Haɓakawa mai cutarwa, ma'adinai wurare ne da iskar gas da ƙura masu cutarwa ke bunƙasa. Hatsari yana barazana ga masu yankan gilashi, magina, injin niƙa da sauransu.

Alamar pneumosclerosis

Babban alamun pneumosclerosis na huhu shine bayyanar cututtuka, sakamakon abin da ya zama.

Hakanan kuna iya samun alamun alamun masu zuwa, suna nuna buƙatar ziyartar likita nan da nan:

• ƙarancin numfashi, samun hali na dindindin, saura ko da a cikin yanayin rashin aiki;

• tari mai tsanani, tare da ɓoyewa a cikin nau'i na mucopurulent sputum;

• gajiya na yau da kullun, rauni, tashin hankali;

• zafi a cikin kirji;

• cyanosis na fata;

• asarar nauyi;

• nakasar kirji;

• rashin ƙarfi na huhu;

• phalanges na yatsu masu kama da drumsticks (yatsun Hippocrates);

• rales on auscultation (bushe, finely kumfa).

Mummunan alamun cutar kai tsaye ya dogara da adadin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta. Ƙananan bayyanar cututtuka sun fi dacewa da ƙayyadaddun pneumosclerosis.

Nau'in pneumosclerosis

Dangane da tsananin rarraba a cikin parenchyma na huhu na nama mai haɗawa, al'ada ce don rarrabe nau'ikan pneumosclerosis masu zuwa:

• Fibrosis. Ana siffanta shi ta hanyar sauya kayan haɗin kai da na huhu a cikin majiyyaci.

• Sclerosis. Akwai maye gurbin parenchyma na huhu tare da nama mai haɗi, nakasar tsarin sa.

• Cirrhosis. Compaction na pleura, maye gurbin tasoshin jini, bronchi da alveoli tare da collagen, gazawar ayyukan musayar gas. Ana daukar wannan mataki a matsayin mafi haɗari.

Dangane da wurin da aka samu raunuka, an bambanta nau'ikan cutar kamar haka:

• tsaka-tsaki;

• na gefe;

• alveolar;

• perilobular;

• perivascular.

Idan majiyyaci ya kamu da ciwon huhu na interstitial pneumosclerosis, ciwon huhu na tsaka-tsakin shine mafi kusantar tushensa. Babban abin da ake nufi da nama mai haɗawa shine wurin da ke kusa da bronchi, tasoshin jini, da kuma septa na interalveolar suma suna fama.

Siffar Peribronchial sau da yawa shine sakamakon mashako na kullum. Don wannan nau'i, kamawar yankin da ke kewaye da bronchi na mai haƙuri shine na hali, samuwar nama mai haɗuwa yana faruwa a maimakon ƙwayar huhu. Cutar a mafi yawan lokuta tana ba da rahoton kanta kawai tare da tari, bayan ɗan lokaci ana iya ƙara fitar da sputum.

Perivascular pneumosclerosis yana nufin lalacewa ga yankin da ke kewaye da tasoshin jini. Perilobular yana haifar da ƙaddamar da raunuka tare da gadoji na interlobular.

Har ila yau, an raba pneumosclerosis zuwa nau'i-nau'i dangane da abin da cutar ke tabbatar da yaduwa.

An bambanta ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa:

• sclerosis na nama na huhu;

• postnecrotic;

• disciculatory.

Bugu da ƙari, ana yin la'akari da girman yawan cutar - iyakance, yaduwa pneumosclerosis.

Ƙayyadadden tsari, bi da bi, an raba shi zuwa gida da mai da hankali:

• Pneumosclerosis na gida na iya kasancewa a cikin jikin mutum na dogon lokaci ba tare da ba da wata alama ba. Ana iya gano shi kawai ta hanyar kumfa mai kyau da numfashi mai wuya lokacin sauraro. Har ila yau x-ray zai taimaka wajen yin ganewar asali, hoton zai nuna wani sashe na ƙwayar huhu. Wannan nau'in ba zai iya zama sanadin rashin wadatar huhu ba.

• Tushen nau'in nau'in mai da hankali shine ƙwayar huhu, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga parenchyma na huhu. Har ila yau, dalilin zai iya zama a cikin kogo (cututtukan tarin fuka). Wataƙila karuwa a cikin nama mai haɗawa, lalacewar data kasance kuma an riga an warkar da foci.

Yaduwa pneumosclerosis na huhu

Makasudin yaduwar pneumosclerosis na iya zama ba kawai huhu ɗaya ba (hagu ko dama), amma duka biyun. A wannan yanayin, akwai yiwuwar faruwar cysts a cikin huhu, kuma canje-canje na pathological da ke faruwa tare da tasoshin yana yiwuwa. Ingancin abinci mai gina jiki na ƙwayar huhu tare da iskar oxygen ta lalace, hanyoyin samun iska suna damuwa. Tsarin yaduwa na iya haifar da samuwar "cor pulmonale". Wannan yanayin yana da saurin girma na zuciya mai kyau, wanda ke haifar da hawan jini.

Jiki na huhu a cikin pneumosclerosis mai yaduwa yana fuskantar canje-canje masu zuwa:

• Collagenization na huhu - maimakon lalatawar fibers na roba, manyan wuraren filaye na collagen sun bayyana.

• Ƙarar huhu yana raguwa, tsarin ya lalace.

• Cavities (cysts) masu layi tare da bronchoalveolar epithelium suna bayyana.

Babban dalilai na ci gaban wannan cuta shine matakai masu kumburi da ke faruwa a cikin kirji. Madogararsu na iya zama daban-daban - tarin fuka, ciwon huhu na yau da kullum, cututtuka na radiation, kamuwa da sinadarai, syphilis, lalacewar kirji.

Nisa daga ko da yaushe yada pneumosclerosis yayi kashedin game da kansa tare da takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka. Mai haƙuri zai iya samun ƙarancin numfashi, da farko yana faruwa ne kawai tare da gajiya, aiki mai wuyar gaske, horo na wasanni. Sa'an nan kuma mataki ya zo lokacin da ƙarancin numfashi ya bayyana ko da a cikin yanayin sanyi, lokacin hutawa. Wannan alamar ba ita kadai ba ce, kuma yana yiwuwa a yi tari (bushe, akai-akai), ciwo mai raɗaɗi a cikin yankin kirji.

Har ila yau, bayyanar cututtuka irin su rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, cyanosis na fata, wanda aka ba da shi ta hanyar rashin iskar oxygen, yana yiwuwa. Mai haƙuri na iya rasa nauyi ba zato ba tsammani, yana jin rauni akai-akai.

Peripheral pneumosclerosis

Mafi yawan tushen hilar pneumosclerosis shine mashako, wanda ke da nau'i na yau da kullum. "Masu laifi" na cutar kuma na iya zama guba tare da abubuwa masu cutarwa, ciwon huhu, da tarin fuka. Ci gaban cutar, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana faruwa a kan bango na matakai masu kumburi, dystrophy. Alamun halayen su ne asarar elasticity a cikin yankin da aka shafa, karuwa a cikin girman nau'in haɗin da ke faruwa a cikin sassan basal na huhu. Har ila yau, an ƙara shi ne cin zarafin musayar gas.

Basal pneumosclerosis

Idan an maye gurbin nama na huhu da nama mai haɗawa galibi a cikin sassan basal, ana kiran wannan yanayin basal pneumosclerosis. Daya daga cikin manyan tushen wannan cuta ana daukarta a matsayin ƙananan lobe pneumonia, watakila majiyyaci ya taɓa magance wannan cuta. Hoton x-ray zai nuna ƙarin haske na kyallen takarda na sassan basal, karuwa a cikin tsari.

Maganin pneumosclerosis na huhu

Idan kuna da alamun cutar pneumosclerosis, lallai ya kamata ku yi rajista don tuntuɓar babban likita ko likitan huhu. Ana ƙayyade hanyoyin magani ta hanyar matakin da cutar take. Na farko, nau'i mai laushi, ba tare da ciwo mai tsanani ba, baya buƙatar farfadowa mai aiki. Ganin cewa pneumosclerosis a mafi yawan lokuta yana aiki azaman cuta mai rikitarwa, dole ne a bi da tushen sa.

Kara sel

Wata sabuwar hanya don yaƙar pneumosclerosis ita ce maganin tantanin halitta. Kwayoyin kara su ne madogarar dukkan kwayoyin halitta a jikin mutum. “Bazara” na musamman suna cikin ikon canzawa zuwa kowane sel. Ana amfani da wannan ingancin sosai a cikin maganin tantanin halitta akan pneumosclerosis na huhu.

Ana yin allurar ta hanyar jijiya, ƙwayoyin sel suna ratsawa ta cikin jini zuwa sashin da abin ya shafa. Bayan haka, suna maye gurbin kyallen takarda da cutar ta lalata. A cikin layi daya, ana kunna garkuwar rigakafi na jiki, ana kunna tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Naman huhu na al'ada yana sake haihuwa.

An ƙayyade tasirin maganin tantanin halitta ta ranar farawa. Yana da kyau a fara jiyya kafin duk huhu ya kama ta hanyar tsarin fibrosis. Nasarar kuma ta dogara ne da kasancewar dandamali na nama mai lafiya, wanda ya zama dole don sel su haɗe da fara ayyukan sake ginawa.

Maganin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana daidaita tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa da ke faruwa a jikin mai haƙuri tare da pneumosclerosis. Ayyukan endocrine, tsarin rigakafi da tsarin juyayi an dawo dasu. Kwayoyin kuma suna samar da tasiri mai tasiri na antitumor. Sakamakon magani, sashin da ya shafa ya dawo da aikin da ya ɓace kuma ya zama lafiya.

Sakamakon magani na "salon salula" shine maido da tsarin huhu, bacewar numfashi da busassun tari, waɗanda sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da azaba ta har abada. An tabbatar da aminci da ingancin jiyya ta hanyar bincike da yawa.

Maganin Oxygen 

Maganin iskar oxygen wata dabara ce ta zamani ta warkewa bisa shakar iskar iskar iskar gas ta majiyyaci. Hanyar yana ba ku damar ramawa ga ƙarancin iskar oxygen wanda ya samo asali a cikin jiki. Daya daga cikin manyan alamomin aiwatar da shi shine pneumosclerosis na huhu.

Gas, wanda shine kayan aikin maganin iskar oxygen, yana cike da iskar oxygen a cikin ƙarar da yake tattare a cikin iska mai iska. Ana samar da iskar gas galibi ta amfani da catheters na hanci (intranasal), yana iya zama:

• masks (baki da hanci);

• oxygen tanti;

• tubes (tracheostomy, intubation);

• hyperbaric oxygenation.

Godiya ga samar da iskar oxygen, maidowa mai aiki na metabolism na salula yana faruwa.

Magungunan Magunguna

Idan hanya na pneumosclerosis yana tare da kumburi mai kumburi (ciwon huhu, mashako), an wajabta mai haƙuri da magunguna:

• antibacterial;

• anti-mai kumburi;

• abin mamaki;

• mucolytic;

• bronchodilators.

Idan pneumosclerosis yana da tsanani, akwai saurin ci gaba da cutar, likitoci sun haɗa glucocorticosteroids. Hanyar magani, wanda ya haɗa da yin amfani da magungunan hormonal a cikin ƙananan allurai, ana aiwatar da shi don dakatar da tsarin kumburi, ya hana ci gaban haɗin gwiwa. Sau da yawa ana haɗa waɗannan magungunan tare da magungunan rigakafi. Hakanan ana iya ba da shirye-shiryen anabolic da bitamin.

Domin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasance mai tasiri kamar yadda zai yiwu, ana amfani da bronchoscopy na warkewa. Wannan magudi yana ba ku damar isar da kwayoyi kai tsaye zuwa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, cire abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta da kumburi na tsarin bronchopulmonary.

Physiotherapy

Idan majiyyaci yana da pneumosclerosis, ana iya ba shi maganin physiotherapy. Ayyukan hanyoyin physiotherapeutic a cikin wannan yanayin shine don kawar da ciwo a cikin lokaci mara aiki, don tabbatar da tsari a cikin lokaci mai aiki.

Idan babu rashin isasshen huhu, iontophoresis tare da calcium chloride, ana nuna novocaine. Hakanan ana iya ba da shawarar duban dan tayi tare da novocaine. Idan cutar ta kasance a matakin diyya, yana da kyau a gudanar da inductometry da diathermy a cikin yankin kirji. Tare da rabuwa mara kyau na sputum, ana amfani da tsarin Vermel (electrophoresis tare da aidin), tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki - ultraviolet irradiation. Madaidaicin madaidaicin tasiri shine haskakawa tare da fitilar solux.

Idan za ta yiwu, ana ba da shawarar physiotherapy don haɗuwa tare da maganin yanayi. Ana nuna marasa lafiya tare da pneumosclerosis suna hutawa a bakin tekun Tekun Matattu. Yanayin gida zai sami tasirin warkarwa akan kwayoyin da aka shafa.

Motsa jiki na warkewa

Babban aikin, nasarar da aka samu ta hanyar motsa jiki na jiki, shine ƙarfafa tsokoki na numfashi. Dole ne a gudanar da azuzuwan a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararrun malamai, wasan kwaikwayon mai son zai fi cutarwa.

Pneumosclerosis mai ramuwa alama ce ta gymnastics na numfashi. Kowane motsa jiki ya kamata a yi ba tare da tashin hankali ba, yana manne da jinkiri ko matsakaici, a hankali ƙara nauyi. Mafi kyawun wurin yin aiki shine titi, iska mai kyau yana ƙara tasirin motsa jiki. Ayyukan motsa jiki na jiki suna da contraindications - zazzabi mai zafi, nau'in cutar mai tsanani, maimaita hemoptysis.

Lokacin ramawa ga tsarin pathological, marasa lafiya na iya haɗa wasu wasanni. Tare da pneumosclerosis, tuƙin jirgin ruwa, skating da ski suna da amfani. Likitoci sukan ba da shawarar tausa kirji kuma. Tare da taimakon hanyoyin, an kawar da cunkoson da ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayar huhu. Massage yana inganta yanayin zuciya, bronchi, huhu, kuma yana hana ci gaban fibrosis na huhu.

Gudanar da aiki

Sashi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya zama dacewa idan mai haƙuri yana da nau'in cutar ta gida, lalata nama na huhu, ɓacin rai na parenchyma na huhu, fibrosis da cirrhosis na huhu. Mahimmancin maganin shine a cire wurin da abin ya shafa na huhu.

matakan kariya

Yana da sauƙi a koyaushe don hana pneumosclerosis fiye da kawar da shi gaba ɗaya. Abu mafi mahimmanci ga wannan shine maganin ciwon huhu, tarin fuka, mashako, da mura. Mai zuwa kuma zai taimaka:

• daina shan taba;

• canjin aiki tare da mu'amala akai-akai tare da haɗarin aiki;

• rage yawan shan barasa;

• hanyoyin hardening;

• motsa jiki na numfashi na yau da kullum, gymnastics;

• daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, cin abinci na bitamin;

• yawan tafiya cikin iska;

• rediyo na shekara-shekara.

Barin shan taba shine abu mafi mahimmanci a wannan jerin. Sigari yana cutar da yanayin huhu sosai, yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtuka na gabobin numfashi.

Idan an gano pneumosclerosis a cikin lokaci mai dacewa, an yi masa magani daidai, mai haƙuri yana bin duk shawarwarin likita kuma yana jagorantar salon rayuwa mai kyau, cutar za ta ci nasara.