Contents
Black Pine asalinsa ne a yankin Balkan. A cikin yanayi, ana samun shi a Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Arewacin Macedonia, Albania, Girka, da kuma a cikin kasashe makwabta - Austria, Italiya, Slovenia. Wadannan kasashe ne da ke da yanayi mai dumi, amma galibi suna zaune ne a cikin tsaunuka, don haka ya saba da dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi. Don haka, yana iya girma a cikin ƙasarmu.
Black Pine (Pinus nigra) itace itace mai ƙarfi sosai, yawanci ya kai tsayin 20-30 m, amma akwai samfuran 50 m. Amma ya fi tsayi: a cikin pine namu yana da kusan 2 cm, kuma a cikin baƙar fata - 5 - 10 cm.
A lokacin ƙuruciyar, bishiyoyi suna da siffar conical, samfurori na manya sun zama kamar laima.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan pine na baƙar fata, waɗanda, alal misali, Pine Crimean, waɗanda za'a iya samun su a wuraren shakatawa na Bahar Maliya. Da kyau, kuma tun da yake yana da bambance-bambance a cikin yanayi, masu shayarwa ba za su iya taimakawa ba amma suna amfani da wannan kuma sun sami nau'ikan ban sha'awa da yawa.
Iri-iri na black Pine
Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu kuma dukkansu maye gurbi ne na halitta.
Bambino (Bambino). Ƙananan nau'in nau'in nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar . Yana girma a hankali a hankali, yana ba da karuwa fiye da 2 cm a kowace shekara. Allurar suna da duhu kore, amma a cikin hunturu yana canza launi zuwa launin toka-kore. Juriya na sanyi yana da rauni sosai - har zuwa -4 ° C.
Brepo (Brepo). Wannan nau'in yana da siffar ƙwallon ƙafa na yau da kullum. Yana girma a hankali, yana da shekaru 10 bai wuce 50 cm ba. Alluran duhu kore ne. Juriya na sanyi yana ƙasa zuwa -28 ° C, amma tunda bishiyoyin suna da ƙarfi sosai, a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara za su iya jure yanayin zafi.
Globose (Globose). Hakanan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in iri) ne ya fi girma – tsayin tsayin mita 3 ne. Yana girma a hankali, yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Alluran kore ne. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -28 ° C.
Green Tower (Green Tower). An fassara sunan wannan nau'in a matsayin "hasumiya mai koren", wanda ke nuna cikakkiyar ma'anarsa - waɗannan ƙananan bishiyoyi ne. Lokacin da suke da shekaru 10, tsayinsu bai wuce 2,5 m tare da diamita na 1 m ba, kuma da shekaru 30 ya kai 5 m. Allura na wannan iri-iri suna da tsayi, har zuwa 12 cm, kore. Juriya na sanyi bai wuce -28 ° C ba.
Roka Green (Green roka). Wani siffar pyramidal. Lokacin da ya kai shekaru 10, ya kai tsayin 2-2,5 m tare da diamita na kambi na ƙasa da 1 m. Samfuran manya yawanci ba su wuce mita 6 ba, kuma matsakaicin diamita shine m 2. Alluransa suna da tsayi, kore, amma sun fi sauran nau'ikan haske. Juriya na sanyi baya wuce -28 ° C.
Nana (Nana). Wannan dwarf iri-iri ne mai tsayi 2 m (da wuya ya girma har zuwa mita 3) kuma diamita iri ɗaya. Yana da siffar dala mai faɗi. Allurar suna da duhu kore, 10 cm tsayi, da wuya, amma ba prickly ba. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -28 ° C.
Oregon Green (Oregon Green). Wannan nau'in yana da siffar mazugi asymmetric. Yana girma a hankali - da shekaru 30 ya kai tsayin 6 - 8 m, amma daga baya zai iya kai har zuwa 15 m. A kan ci gaban matasa, allura suna da haske kore, sa'an nan duhu. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -28 ° C.
pyramidal (Pyramidalis). Sunan wannan nau'in kuma yana nuna siffar kambi - yana da pyramidal. Yana girma a hankali, yana ba da haɓaka kusan 20 cm a kowace shekara, ya kai tsayin 30 m ta shekaru 6. Matsakaicin tsayi shine 8 m, kuma diamita kambi shine 3 m. Allurar suna da duhu kore, mai wuya, tsayin 10 cm. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -28 ° C.
fastigiata (Fastigiata). Iri-iri yana da ban sha'awa don fasalin haɓakarsa: a lokacin ƙuruciya, tsire-tsire suna kama da kunkuntar ginshiƙi tare da rassa masu ma'ana, amma manyan bishiyoyi suna samun sifar laima ta gargajiya. Wannan nau'in yana da girma sosai - har zuwa 20-45 m. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -28 ° C.
Hornibrookiya (Hornibrookiya). Wannan nau'in yana da kambi mai zagaye, wanda ba a saba ba. Tsawo da diamita ba su wuce mita 2 ba. Yana girma a hankali, girman shekara shine 10 cm. Allurar suna da haske kore. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -28 ° C.
Dasa black Pine
Ana sayar da 'ya'yan itacen baƙar fata a cikin kwantena, don haka ana iya dasa su a duk lokacin dumi - daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
Ba kwa buƙatar tono babban rami - ya kamata ya zama ɗan ƙaramin girma fiye da girman akwati. Lokacin dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa matakin ƙasa a cikin tukunya ya dace da matakin ƙasa a gonar - kada a binne wuyan tushen.
kula da baƙar fata
Babban matsalar black pine shine ƙarancin juriyar sanyi. Yawancin nau'ikan suna jure sanyi kawai zuwa -28 ° C. Littattafan tunani suna nuna juriya iri ɗaya ga bishiyoyi iri. Duk da haka, a gaskiya ma, za su iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi mafi tsanani. Bisa lafazin Masanin kiwo-dendrologist, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Nikolai Vekhov (ya jagoranci tashar gwaji na Lipetsk na tsawon shekaru 30), baƙar fata a cikin matsanancin hunturu na 1939-1940 da 1941-1942 sun jure sanyi na -40 ° C ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ita kuma bata daskare ba.
Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai haɗari. Masana ba su bayar da shawarar girma da shi sama da kan iyakokin Saratov da Tambov. Ayyukan ya nuna cewa a cikin yankunan steppe da gandun daji-steppe yana da kwanciyar hankali, amma a cikin yankin Moscow yana girma da talauci kuma yana daskarewa. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya nuna juriya a yankin babban birnin.
Ground
A cikin yanayi, baƙar fata baƙar fata ya fi girma a kan ƙasa mai laushi, bushe da dutse, amma gabaɗaya ba ya buƙatar ƙasa - ana iya dasa shi a kan yashi mai yashi, loam mai haske, da ƙasa baki. Abinda bata so shine kasa mai nauyi da jika sosai.
lighting
Pine namu na Scotch yana da hoto sosai, amma baƙar fata ya fi jure wa haske. Haka ne, ita ma tana son rana, amma tana jurewa inuwa ta gefe ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Ruwa
Wajibi ne kawai a cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki seedling. Sa'an nan kuma ba a buƙatar shayarwa - black pine shine tsire-tsire mai jure fari da zafi.
takin mai magani
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin rami, ba a buƙatar ƙara taki.
Ciyar
Har ila yau, ba a buƙatar su - a cikin yanayi, black pine yana tsiro a kan ƙasa mara kyau, shi da kansa yana iya samun abincin kansa.
Haihuwar black Pine
Ana iya yada nau'in pines ta hanyar tsaba. Black Pine Cones suna girma a cikin shekara ta biyu, a cikin bazara. Amma tsaba suna buƙatar lokaci na dormancy sanyi, don haka dole ne a ba da su kafin shuka. Don yin wannan, dole ne a haxa su da yashi mai yashi kuma a aika da wata guda a cikin firiji. Bayan haka, ana iya shuka su a cikin bude ƙasa - zuwa zurfin 1,5 cm.
Ana yada nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ta hanyar grafting.
Ƙoƙarin yada baƙar fata daga yankan ba ya yin nasara koyaushe.
Cututtuka na black Pine
Gaba ɗaya, black pine shine tsire-tsire mai jure cututtuka, amma har yanzu suna faruwa.
Pine spinner (harba tsatsa). Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi hatsari cututtuka na black Pine. Alamun farko na cutar yawanci suna bayyana a cikin fall - allura suna samun launin ruwan kasa mai haske, amma kada su fadi. Naman gwari yana tasowa da sauri kuma a zahiri a cikin shekaru 1 - 2 na iya lalata bishiyar gaba ɗaya.
Matsakaicin masaukin wannan naman gwari shine aspen da poplar. A kansu ne yake haifar da spores da ke cutar da pine akai-akai.
Ya kamata a fara maganin tsire-tsire da aka shafa da wuri-wuri. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da ruwa Bordeaux (1%). Ana gudanar da jiyya ta farko a farkon Mayu, sannan kuma wani spraying 2 - 3 tare da tazara na kwanaki 5.
Brown Shutte (kasa ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mold). Shutte yana da nau'ikan iri da yawa, amma launin ruwan kasa ne wanda ke shafar baƙar fata. A peculiarity na wannan pathogenic naman gwari ne cewa ta aiki ci gaban faruwa a cikin hunturu watanni. Kuna iya gane cutar ta allura mai launin ruwan kasa tare da fararen fata.
Ana iya magance cutar; don wannan, ana amfani da kwayoyi Hom ko Racurs (1).
Cutar sankara (scleroderriosis). Wannan cuta tana shafar nau'ikan pine daban-daban, gami da baki. Ya buga, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, harbe, amma ana iya ganin alamun farko a kan allura - a ƙarshen rassan, yana faduwa a cikin nau'i na laima. Na farko, allura sun juya launin rawaya-kore, kuma bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke (yawanci a cikin 'yan kwanaki) sun zama ja-launin ruwan kasa. Cutar ta yadu bishiyar tun daga sama har kasa. Idan ba a kula da shi ba, bayan lokaci, wuraren da suka mutu suna bayyana akan haushi (2).
Matasa pines, wanda diamitansu bai wuce 1 cm ba, yawanci suna mutuwa. Don maganin tsofaffin tsire-tsire, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Fundazol.
black Pine kwari
Ba kamar Scots pine ba, wanda kwari da yawa ke shafa, black pine yana da ƙarfi sosai - da wuya kowa ya shirya ya yi marmarinsa. Kuna iya yin alama, watakila, kwaro ɗaya.
Garkuwar Pine. Yana rayuwa ne kawai akan Pine, sau da yawa akan pine Scotch, amma gabaɗaya yana shirye don cin abinci akan kowane nau'in, gami da Pine baƙar fata. Wannan ƙananan kwari ne, manya suna da girman 1,5 - 2 mm kuma yawanci suna zaune a baya na allura. A sakamakon haka, alluran sun juya launin ruwan kasa kuma suna crumble. Mafi yawan lokuta yana cutar da ƙananan bishiyoyi har zuwa shekaru 5 (3).
Yaki ma'aunin kwari ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Kwari ba su da motsi, amma an rufe shi da harsashi mai karfi da shirye-shiryen tuntuɓar ba sa aiki a kansu. Tsarin tsarin sau da yawa kuma - a, suna shiga cikin shuka, suna zagayawa ta hanyar tsarin jijiyoyin jini, amma ma'aunin kwari yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga kyallen takarda na allura, inda kwayoyi ba su shiga ba. Kuna iya kawar da kwari masu sikelin kawai a lokacin da larvae masu ɓarna waɗanda harsashi ba su da kariya ta bayyana - a watan Yuli, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar bi da su tare da Actellik. Kuma manya za su mutu da kansu - suna rayuwa ne kawai kakar.
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Mun magance mafi mahimmancin tambayoyi game da baƙar fata Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.
Tushen
- Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka amince don amfani a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/bayanan-masana'antu/bayanai-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
- Zhukov AM, Gninenko Yu.I., Zhukov PD Cututtuka masu haɗari masu haɗari na conifers a cikin gandun daji na ƙasarmu: ed. 2, rev. da ƙari // Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. - 128 p.
- Grey GA Pine sikelin kwari - ucaspis pusilla Low, 1883 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) a cikin Volgograd yankin // Entomological da parasitological bincike a cikin Volga yankin, 2017 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/schitovka-sosnovaya-ucaspis- pusilla-low-1883- homoptera-diaspididae-v-volgogradskoy-oblasti