phalanges su ne ƙananan ƙasusuwan dogayen ƙasusuwa waɗanda ke haɗuwa don samar da yatsu da yatsu, wanda ya zama kwarangwal. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙasusuwan tubular suna da lamba uku don abin da ake kira dogayen yatsu, biyu kuma don babban yatsan hannu da babban yatsan hannu. Etymologically, wannan kalma ta fito daga Girkanci "phalagx » wanda ke nufinsilinda na itace, sanda". Falanx na farko na yatsan yatsa koyaushe yana bayyana tare da metacarpal na hannu ko metatarsal na ƙafa. Amma ga sauran phalanges, an bayyana su a tsakaninsu. Saboda haka phalanx wani yanki ne na kashi wanda aka bayyana tare da sauran phalanges a matakin haɗin gwiwa na interphalangeal: su ne waɗanda ke ba wa yatsunsu motsi na musamman da ƙarfin su. Mafi yawan cututtukan cututtuka na phalanges sune karaya, wanda yawanci ana yin maganin orthopedic, misali ta hanyar splint, da kuma wani lokacin tiyata, musamman idan an kara raunuka na jijiyoyi ko tendons zuwa karaya.

Falanx yanki ne da aka zayyana: ya ƙunshi kwarangwal na yatsa ko yatsa, kuma ana shigar da tsokoki daban-daban akan waɗannan sassan kashi. An sanya shi a tsaye, akan kowane yatsa, sama da juna, an bambanta phalanges zuwa na farko ko metacarpals, daƙiƙa ko tsakiya, da na uku ko mara kyau.

Ta haka phalanges sun zama mafi nisa ƙasusuwan hannu, ko na ƙafa. Dogayen yatsu kowanne yana da phalanges uku a kowane yatsa, a daya bangaren babban yatsan yatsa, wanda ake kira pollux, ko babban yatsan, wanda ake kira hallux, yana da biyu kawai. Falanx mai nisa shine wanda yake ɗaukar ƙusa, phalanx na kusa shine wanda yake a tushen yatsa. Gabaɗaya, akwai phalanges goma sha huɗu a kowane hannu, kuma da yawa akan kowane ƙafa, suna yin jimlar phalanges hamsin da shida.

Abubuwan haɗin gwiwar da ke haɗa phalanges da juna ana kiran su haɗin gwiwar interphalangeal. Falanx da ke kusa da metacarpus kuma ana kiransa phalanx mai kusanci, tsakiyar phalanx ana kiransa phalangina, da phalanx wanda yake a ƙarshen yatsa, wanda kuma ake kira distal phalanx, wani lokacin kuma ana kiransa phalangette.

Ayyukan phalanges shine ba wa yatsunsu ƙarfin su, motsinsu na musamman kuma yana da mahimmanci ga wannan sashin jiki na musamman wanda shine hannu. Don wannan, ƙarshen phalanges suna zagaye a matakin haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran kasusuwa, inda aka samo maƙallan ginshiƙan ligaments na phalangeal. A zahiri, phalanges na kusa da duk yatsu suna bayyana tare da ƙasusuwan metacarpal da tsaka-tsakin phalanges suna bayyana da kyau tare da phalanges masu nisa. Kuma waɗannan phalanges suna bayyana, mafi daidai, tare da sauran phalanges, a matakin haɗin gwiwar interphalangeal.

Raunin yatsu, a matakin phalanges, na iya zama asalin rauni, amma kuma rheumatological, neurological ko na haihuwa. Amma a gaskiya, mafi m pathologies na phalanges juya ya zama karaya. "Karyawar hannaye na iya zama mai rikitarwa tare da nakasu idan ba a kula da su ba, taurin kai tare da wuce gona da iri, da nakasa da taurin kai tare da rashin kulawa.", Gargadi masanin kimiyyar Amurka da sunan Swanson.

Karyawar fastoci da phalanges saboda haka sune mafi yawan raunin da ke faruwa a ƙarshen, kuma kashi 70% na su suna faruwa tsakanin shekaru 11 zuwa 45. Karaya na phalanges yawanci yana faruwa ne sakamakon rauni ta hanyar faɗuwa, ko ta murkushewa. Da wuya, suna faruwa bayan ɗan girgiza ko kuma ba tare da rauni ga ƙashin ƙwayar cuta ba (raunana ta ƙwayar kashi). Mafi yawan irin wannan ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace shine chondroma, wanda shine mara nauyi wanda ke raunana kashi tsawon shekaru.

A farkon ashirin^e karni, wadannan karaya na phalanx duk an yi musu magani ba tare da tiyata ba, kuma yawancinsu ana ci gaba da samun nasara a yau ba tare da bukatar tiyata ba. Zaɓin mafi kyawun magani ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, ciki har da sauran wurin da aka samu karaya (articular ko extra-articular), ginshiƙansa (mai juyawa, karkace ko ɓarna, murƙushe) ko nakasar.

Mafi sau da yawa, maganin wadannan karaya shine orthopedic, tare da yin amfani da splinting. Da wuya, dole ne a yi amfani da tiyata, musamman idan akwai raunuka masu alaƙa da jijiyoyi ko tendons. Rashin motsi ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin makonni hudu zuwa takwas, ba don guje wa bayyanar taurin haɗin gwiwa ba.

Rashin raunin farko yakan nuna karaya, kuma mai haƙuri da karyewar yatsa ba zai iya motsa shi ba.

• Alamun asibiti: a asibiti, nemi gaban kumburi, nakasa, hematoma, gazawar aiki da musamman zafi akan palpation na kashi. Jarabawar asibiti kuma za ta yi amfani don tantance waɗanne hotuna na rediyo da za a ɗauka;
• Radiology: mafi sau da yawa sauki x-ray sun isa don kafa ganewar asali na karaya na daya ko fiye phalanges. Wasu lokuta, a wasu takamaiman lokuta, zai zama dole a nemi CT scan ko MRI don tantance bayyanar karaya. Waɗannan ƙarin gwaje-gwajen kuma za su ba da damar kammala tantancewar kafin yiwuwar shiga tsakani.

Count Jean-François de La Pérouse ɗan Faransa ne mai bincike na XVIII^e karni. Ya ba da rahoto a ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa yana kwatanta balaguron da ya yi a duniya (Voyage, Tome III, shafi na 214) wani abin lura mai ban mamaki: “Al'adar yanke duka biyun ɗan yatsa ya yaɗu a tsakanin waɗannan al'umma kamar yadda ake yi a tsibirin Cocos da Traitor, kuma wannan alamar baƙin ciki na rashin dangi ko aboki kusan ba a san shi ba a tsibirin na Browser.", Ya rubuta.

Bugu da kari, wani labarin da ya shafi phalanges ya shafi wani babban dan sama jannati: don haka, a cikin 1979, yayin da Neil Armstrong ke aiki a gonarsa, sai ya yage wani phalanx, lokacin da kawancensa ya makale a gefen tirelar na taraktansa, kamar yadda Yayi tsalle ya kasa. Cikin natsuwa ya dauko titin yatsansa ya sanya a cikin kankara sannan ya nufi asibiti. Likitoci za su iya dinke shi.

A ƙarshe, wani ɗan sama jannatin Ba’amurke shi ma ya fuskanci wani labari mai ban mamaki: Donald Slayton ne. A lokacin da yake dan shekara biyar kacal, Donald Kent Slayton, dan sama jannati na nan gaba na aikin Apollo-Soyuz, ya yanke tsattsauran ra'ayi na kusa da yatsansa na hagu yayin da yake kokarin taimakawa mahaifinsa a kan injin yankan ciyawa da dawakai biyu ya ja. Lokacin da, bayan shekaru goma sha uku, a cikin 1942, ya ci jarrabawar likita da nufin hada horon matukin jirgin sama na soja, ya ji tsoron kasawa saboda bacewarsa. Ba haka ba ne. Likitocin da ke da alhakin tantance shi bayan sun binciki ka’idojin rundunar sojin sama, sun gano da mamaki cewa, yatsar zobe na hannun hagu idan mutum na hannun dama ne (ko yatsa na hannun dama idan ‘mu na hagu ne) hannu) shine kawai yanke yatsa wanda baya haifar da wata matsala. Rundunar Sojan Sama ta yi la'akari da cewa, a wata hanya, shine kawai yatsa "marasa amfani"! Dama ga Donal Slayton wanda ya sami fikafikan matukinsa a shekara ta gaba, a cikin 1943, kafin ya koyi 'yan shekaru baya, a cikin Afrilu 1953, cewa zai kasance cikin rukunin 'yan sama jannati bakwai na farko. Kuma, don rikodin, san cewa zai sa zoben bikin aurensa ... a kan ɗan yatsa.