Sanannen abu ne cewa cututtuka na periodontal da periodontal kyallen takarda (danko da ligamentous na'ura na hakora), cututtuka na mucosa da taushi kyallen takarda na baka rami kusan ba su dace da magani. Amma sun daidaita kuma suna saukowa don gafara. Wani lokaci zuwa ga tsayayye, wani lokacin zuwa kasa magana. Sanannun cututtukan da aka fi sani da periodontitis, periodontitis da gingivitis sune cututtukan da suka fi yawa. A Rasha, periodontics ya fara ci gaba da rayayye kawai 10-12 shekaru da suka wuce, kuma a general, da yawan jama'a ba a shirya don warware wadannan matsaloli.
Da farko kuna buƙatar magance kalmomi masu sauƙi don kada labarai da tallace-tallacen da ke yaudarar su. Cututtuka na kyallen takarda sun kasu kashi dystrophic (wanda ke hade da tsarin dystrophic a cikin kyallen takarda) - PARODONTOSIS, da cututtuka na asalin kumburi - PERIODONTITIS. Sau da yawa, abin takaici, tallace-tallace da wallafe-wallafen suna rarraba komai a cikin nau'i ɗaya, amma wannan kuskure ɗaya ne da rikicewa da rarraba irin waɗannan cututtuka kamar ARTHRITIS da ARTHRITIS a rukuni ɗaya. Idan kullum kuna tunawa da misalin cututtukan arthritis da arthrosis, to, ba za ku dame periodontitis da periodontal cuta.
Mafi sau da yawa, ba shakka, akwai cututtuka na kumburi etiology - periodontitis. Kusan kowane 3-4 mazaunan megacities, kuma musamman a Rasha, bayan shekaru 35-37 sun riga sun fuskanci wannan matsala. "Musamman a Rasha" - saboda jami'o'in mu na likitanci kawai shekaru 6-8 da suka wuce sun ware wani sashi na periodontology daban kuma sun fara nazarin wannan matsala sosai. Kusan kowane irin wannan majiyyaci ya saba da zub da jini, rashin jin daɗi yayin cizon abinci mai ƙarfi, wani lokacin kusan ƙin yarda da abinci mai ƙarfi saboda wannan dalili, motsin haƙori tare da raɗaɗi da jin daɗi mara daɗi, warin baki da haɓakar plaque mai laushi da ma'adinai (tartar). . ).
A taƙaice magana game da etiology da pathogenesis na periodontitis, manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa sune kwayoyin halitta, salon rayuwa, tsaftar baki da abincin mara lafiya. Halin cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar shine cewa akwai kumburi a hankali da ci gaba a cikin na'urorin haɗi na hakori, saboda wannan dalili motsin haƙori yana ƙaruwa, kumburi akai-akai saboda kasancewar microflora mai tsayi (Str Mutans, Str.Mitis). da sauransu), majiyyaci ba ya iya jure wa kansa tsaftace hakora da kiyaye isasshen tsabta. Aljihuna dentogingival (PGD) sun bayyana.
Duk waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka da bayyanar cututtuka na periodontitis suna da alaƙa da lahani a cikin nama na zamani da na zamani, wato, tare da sannu-sannu masu tasowa da haɓaka kumburi, babban sel na nama, fibroblasts, ba za su iya jure wa haɗuwa da sabon haɗin gwiwa ba. nama, don haka, motsin hakori ya bayyana. Abubuwan da ke da tsabta, wato, halayen majiyyaci na goge haƙora, shi ma muhimmin abu ne. Don haka, tare da tsaftacewa mai kyau a cikin rami na baka, ba kawai an kafa ma'auni na al'ada na microflora ba, an cire plaque na hakori da ajiyar hakori mai wuyar gaske, amma kuma yana motsa jini. Daidaitawar kwanciyar hankali na na'urar ligamentous na hakora yana tasiri ta hanyar amfani da abinci mai ƙarfi, ɗanyen da ba a sarrafa shi ba. Wannan dabi'a ce da ilimin lissafi. Ba lallai ba ne a sami ilimi mai zurfi a fagen ilimin haƙori don fahimtar cewa kowace gaɓar jiki tana aiki mafi kyau kuma mafi daidai tare da madaidaicin saiti (a cikin ilimin lissafi) akanta. Don haka, incisors da canines sune rukunin haƙoran gaba da aka tsara don kamawa da cizon abinci. Ƙungiyar tauna - don niƙa dunƙulen abinci.
Sanin kowa ne, wanda har yanzu ana koyar da shi a Faculty of Dentistry, cewa amfani da abinci mai ƙarfi (dannye da kayan marmari) yana ba da gudummawa ga daidaitawa da ƙarfafa na'urorin haɗi na hakori. Yara a lokacin lokacin cizo samu da kuma normalize da hanyoyin da kai-tsabtace na baka rami (saboda matakai na salivation) ana bada shawarar a kai a kai ci 5-7 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da kayan lambu, ba grated ko a yanka a kananan guda. Amma ga manya, waɗannan hanyoyin tsarkake kansu ma halayensu ne. Wannan ya shafi cin kayan lambu gaba ɗaya.
Bambance-bambance a cikin omnivorous da cin ganyayyaki (veganism) na marasa lafiya kuma sun ƙayyade tsarin tafiyar da cututtukan cututtuka a cikin kyallen takarda. A cikin 1985, likita na likitan hakora da likitan hakora na Jami'ar California, AJ Lewis (AJ Luiss) ya rubuta abubuwan lura na dogon lokaci ba kawai na yanayin caries a cikin marasa lafiya ba, har ma na ci gaba da faruwar periodontitis a cikin masu cin ganyayyaki da marasa lafiya. -masu cin ganyayyaki. Duk marasa lafiya mazauna California ne, suna cikin rukunin zamantakewa ɗaya tare da kusan yanayin rayuwa iri ɗaya da matakin samun kudin shiga, amma sun bambanta da fasalin abinci (masu cin ganyayyaki da masu cin ganyayyaki). A cikin shekaru da yawa na lura, Lewis ya gano cewa masu cin ganyayyaki, har ma sun girmi marasa lafiya na ko'ina, a zahiri ba sa fama da cututtukan periodontal. Daga cikin masu cin ganyayyaki 20, an gano cututtukan cututtuka a cikin 4, yayin da aka samo pathologies a cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya a cikin 12 daga cikin 20. A cikin masu cin ganyayyaki, cututtuka ba su da mahimmanci kuma ko da yaushe an rage su zuwa gafara. A lokaci guda, a cikin wasu marasa lafiya, daga cikin lokuta 12, 4-5 sun ƙare a asarar hakori.
Lewis ya bayyana wannan ba kawai ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali da farfadowa na al'ada na kayan haɗin gwiwar hakora, kyawawan hanyoyin tsaftacewa na bakin ciki da kuma isasshen abinci na bitamin, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau a kan haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Bayan nazarin microflora na marasa lafiya, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa masu cin ganyayyaki suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na periodontopathogenic microorganisms a cikin microflora na wajibi (na dindindin) na kogin baka. Ta hanyar nazarin epithelium na mucosal, ya kuma sami adadi mafi girma na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na baka (immunoglobulins A da J) a cikin masu cin ganyayyaki.
Yawancin nau'o'in carbohydrates suna farawa a cikin baki. Amma kowa yana da sha'awar kuma ya yi mamakin dangantakar da ke tsakanin matakai na carbohydrate fermentation da dangantaka tare da cin abinci na dabba da marasa lafiya. Komai a bayyane yake kuma mai sauƙi a nan. Hanyoyin narkewar narkewar abinci da fermentation a cikin rami na baka sun fi karko kuma cikakke a cikin masu cin ganyayyaki. Lokacin amfani da furotin dabba, wannan tsari yana damuwa (muna nufin tsarin enzymatic da amylase ya yi). Idan kun kwatanta da kyau, to, wannan daidai yake da tsarin amfani da sukari, ba da daɗewa ba za ku sami nauyi mai yawa. Tabbas, kwatancen yana da wahala, amma har yanzu, idan tsarin tsarin enzymatic guda ɗaya ya tsara ta yanayi don rushe carbohydrates masu sauƙi a cikin dunƙulen abinci, to ƙari na furotin zai ba da dadewa ko kuma daga baya ya rushe dukkan tsarin biochemical. Tabbas, komai dangi ne. A wasu marasa lafiya za a fi bayyana su, a wasu ƙananan. Amma gaskiyar ita ce, masu cin ganyayyaki suna da kyallen takarda (enamel da dentin) a cikin yanayi mafi kyau (wanda Lewis ya yi nazari ba kawai a kididdiga ba, har ma a tarihi, hotuna na lantarki har yanzu suna damun likitoci masu cin nama har zuwa yau). Af, Lewis da kansa ya kasance mai cin ganyayyaki mara taurin kai, amma bayan bincike ya zama mai cin ganyayyaki. Ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 99 kuma ya mutu a lokacin hadari a California yayin hawan igiyar ruwa.
Idan duk abin ya bayyana isa tare da al'amurran da suka shafi caries da enzymatic halayen, to me yasa masu cin ganyayyaki suke yin kyau sosai tare da na'urorin ligamentous na hakora da nama mai haɗi? Wannan tambayar ta mamaye Lewis da sauran likitocin haƙori a duk rayuwarsa. Komai tare da hanyoyin tsaftace kai da ingancin ruwan baki shima a bayyane yake. Don ganowa, dole ne in "shiga cikin" magani na gabaɗaya da tarihin tarihi kuma in kwatanta kasusuwa da nama mai haɗawa ba kawai na yankin maxillofacial ba, amma na dukkan gabobin da tsarin.
Ƙaddamarwar ta kasance mai ma'ana kuma ta halitta. Nama mai haɗewa da ƙasusuwan marasa cin ganyayyaki gabaɗaya sun fi saurin lalacewa da canzawa fiye da nama na masu cin ganyayyaki gabaɗaya. Mutane kaɗan ne za su iya mamakin wannan binciken. Amma mutane kaɗan sun tuna cewa bincike a wannan yanki ya fara daidai godiya ga irin wannan kunkuntar fannin likitan hakora kamar periodontics.
Mawallafi: Alina Ovchinnikova, PhD, likitan hakora, likitan fiɗa, likitan kashin baya.