Contents
Matsalar kiba a yara, da kuma manya, yana bayyana lokacin da amfani da makamashi ya wuce abin da ake kashewa. Rashin fahimtar al'ada, wanda aka yarda da shi a cikin iyalai da yawa, cewa cikar jariri alama ce ta lafiyarsa da kuma shaidar kulawa mai kyau a gare shi, ya haifar da mummunar illa ga lafiyar yara. Don tabbatar da cewa yara sun yi nauyi, yawancin iyaye ba sa bin ka'idodin abinci mai gina jiki na yara.
Nau'i da matakan kiba na yara
An yi la'akari da alamar cikar yara a matsayin kauri na folds na fata na yaron, da kuma karkatacciyar rabo na nauyi zuwa tsayi. Akwai tebur na al'ada nauyin jikin yaro a kowane shekaru, la'akari da jinsi na yara.
Ragewa daga al'ada, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kashi, yana taimakawa wajen kafa mataki na kiba na yara:
Sashe na 1 - Matsalolin nauyin jiki daga al'ada daga 10 zuwa 29%
Mataki na 2 - nauyi ya wuce al'ada daga 30 zuwa 49%;
Mataki na 3 - wuce haddi daga 50 zuwa 99%;
Mataki na 4 – Nauyin jiki kusan sau 2 fiye da na al'ada (100%).
Akwai manyan nau'ikan kiba na yara guda biyu:
alimentary - sakamakon wuce gona da iri da rashin aiki na jiki;
endocrine - sakamakon cututtuka na rayuwa da cututtuka na tsarin endocrine;
neurogenic - sakamakon neuroinfections ko ciwon daji na kwakwalwa.
Rabon kiba alimentary yana da kusan kashi 95% na dukkan lamuran wannan cuta. Kamar dai a cikin manya, kiba a cikin yara ana rarraba ta ta hanyar magani azaman cuta mai zaman kanta tare da sakamako mai tsanani. Fiye da rabin yara masu kiba, girma, ba su rabu da shi ba, amma suna samun rikitarwa mai tsanani na kiba.
Dalilai da sakamakon kiba na yara
Kiba, tsokana ta hanyar wuce gona da iri da salon rayuwa, yana da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da bayyanarsa.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da kiba a yara:
Tsarin gado na dabi'ar cin abinci da aka karɓa a cikin iyali;
Mahimmancin carbohydrates, mai, abinci mai yawan kalori da jita-jita a cikin abincin yara;
Ba daidai ba shirya ciyar da jarirai;
Salon zaman rayuwa, maye gurbin tafiya da wasanni na waje tare da kallon talabijin da wasannin kwamfuta, rashin motsa jiki;
Ramuwa ga matsalolin tunani na samartaka (rashin kasawa, matsalolin sadarwa tare da iyaye da takwarorinsu, ƙananan ƙarancin).
Sakamakon kiba a yara:
Ciwon sukari mellitus wanda ba ya kula da insulin (ciwon sukari wanda ba ya dogara da insulin), lokacin da glucose ba zai iya shiga ƙwayoyin nama ba;
hauhawar jini, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, gazawar zuciya;
na kullum maƙarƙashiya, basur, cholecystitis, pancreatitis;
Maye gurbin hanta kyallen takarda tare da adipose nama (hepatosis), zai iya haifar da cirrhosis na hanta;
Nakasar kwarangwal, rashin daidaituwa, ƙafar ƙafa, lalata nama na guringuntsi, nakasar valgus na gwiwoyi (ƙafa a cikin siffar harafin "X");
Rashin barci: kama numfashi, snoring;
Rashin aikin jima'i: rashin ci gaba na glandon jima'i, jinkirta haila (hailar farko), hadarin rashin haihuwa na gaba;
Osteoporosis (rauni ko rashin samuwar kashi);
Ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji a nan gaba;
Cututtukan ilimin halin ɗan adam da ke da alaƙa da rashin cin abinci (bulimia, anorexia), jarabar ƙwayoyi, shaye-shaye;
Ware jama'a, rashin abokai, da'irar zamantakewa, da ake bukata cikin gaggawa a lokacin samartaka da matasa.
Dogaro da bayyanar yara da samari akan nau'in kiba
Ga ƙwararren ƙwararren likita, ba zai zama da wahala a tantance nau'in kiba ta sifofin halayen bayyanar yaron da sauran alamun ba. Kumburin fuska na iya nuna kiba da hypothyroidism (rashin hormones na thyroid). Yana tare da busassun fata, "jakunkuna" a ƙarƙashin idanu, rauni, gajiya, rashin ci, maƙarƙashiya na yau da kullum. A cikin 'yan mata masu wannan nau'in, rashin daidaituwa na al'ada ya kasance akai-akai.
Siraran gaɓoɓi, kunci mai ruwan hoda mai haske, alamun shimfiɗa a fatar ciki, kitse a cikin ciki, wuyansa da fuska alamun cutar adrenal (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome). A lokacin balaga, 'yan matan da ke fama da wannan cuta suna samun karuwar gashin jiki da rashin haila.
Ƙananan tsayi tare da kiba, hypothyroidism, jinkirta ci gaban jima'i - rashin aikin pituitary. Yana da haɗari musamman lokacin da waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka suka faru bayan cututtukan neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis), raunin craniocerebral, aikin tiyata na kwakwalwa. Rashin hormones na pituitary yana haifar da jinkirin balaga a cikin samari (rashin haɓakar gabobin al'aura, rashin halayen jima'i na biyu, haɓakar gonads).
Kiba, haɗe da ciwon kai, alamun ƙarar matsa lamba na intracranial (ciwon ciki da amai, dizziness), na iya zama alamar ciwon kwakwalwa. A cikin 'yan mata, kiba a hade tare da kuraje, rashin daidaituwa na al'ada, ƙara yawan kitsen fuska da jiki, yawan bayyanar gashi a fuska da jiki, yana nuna alamar yiwuwar polycystic ovary syndrome.
Rigakafin kiba na yara
Don hana mummunan sakamako ga kwayoyin girma kuma kada ku haifar da matsaloli a nan gaba, kuna buƙatar kula da rigakafin kiba a gaba. Endocrine da abubuwan neurogenic ga mafi yawan ɓangaren ba su dogara da halaye da salon rayuwar mutum ba. Amma kiba, wanda ke haifar da wuce gona da iri da rashin motsa jiki, yana da kyau ga gyara da rigakafi.
Matakan kariya:
Kula da shayarwa muddin zai yiwu;
Kada ku tilasta wa yara su gama abincinsu ko su sha abin da ke cikin madara daga kwalba idan ba su da abinci;
Kada ku gabatar da ƙarin abinci da wuri;
Kada ku yi amfani da kayan zaki a cikin abincin yara masu zuwa da yara ƙanana;
Kula da abinci sosai, kada ku wuce abun ciki na kalori na jita-jita;
Ƙayyade adadin kitsen dabba da sauƙin narkewar carbohydrates a cikin abincin yaron, ya haɗa da ƙarin fiber kayan lambu, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa;
Kula da yanayin nauyin nauyin yara, gyara kiba a lokaci;
ƙin abinci mai sauri, abubuwan sha masu zaki;
Don sha'awar yaron a cikin wasanni masu yiwuwa, ciyar da karin lokaci tare da shi a cikin iska mai kyau.
Ba shi da amfani sosai a tilasta wa yara su ci da ƙarfi, a azabtar da lada da abinci, a sarrafa halin yaron tare da abinci da abinci da ba a so. Wannan salon tarbiyyar yara na iya haifar da rugujewar tunani, haifar da bayyanar pathologies na tsarin narkewa.
Maganin kiba na yara
Kamar kowace cuta, ya kamata a kula da kiba a cikin yara a karkashin jagorancin kwararru, ba tare da maganin kai ba. Likita zai tantance sakamakon sakamakon kiba ga jikin yaron, yayi nazarin anamnesis, kuma, idan ya cancanta, tura shi don gwajin kayan aiki da na dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Magani na asali don kiba:
Cin abinci;
Yawan aiki na jiki;
Taimakon ilimin halin ɗan adam;
Magungunan ƙwayoyi don cututtukan endocrine da cututtukan neurogenic.
Kwararren masanin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin maganin kiba na yara zai ba da shawara ga iyayen yaron game da tsara abinci mai gina jiki da kuma cika abinci. Dole ne duk 'yan uwa su bi waɗannan shawarwarin, suna samar da nau'in halayen cin abinci daidai a cikin iyali. Misalin iyaye shine mafi kyawun hanyar ilimi wajen magance kiba.
Dokoki don abinci mai gina jiki na yara:
Ku ci kashi - aƙalla sau 6-7 a rana, a cikin ƙananan rabo;
Kula da abincin, ba tare da karkata daga lokacin cin abinci na yau da kullun ba fiye da mintuna 15-20, don samar da biorhythms na hanyoyin narkewa da mafi kyawun narkewar abinci;
Ya kamata a yi amfani da abinci mai yawan kalori (kwai, nama, kifi) da safe;
Abincin kiwo da kayan lambu sun haɗa a cikin menu don abincin rana ko abincin dare;
Yi amfani da ƙarin sabo da dafaffen 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari;
Banda abinci mai kitse, kifi, tsiran alade, tsiran alade, agwagwa, Goose,
Kada ku yi amfani da kwayoyi, ayaba, persimmons, figs, zabibi, kwanakin akan menu;
Hanyar sarrafa samfurori shine tafasa, stewing, yin burodi, soya har zuwa shekaru 3 ba a cire ba, sannan ana amfani da wannan hanyar da wuya sosai.
Irin wannan matsala mai tsanani kamar kiba na yara yana buƙatar haɗin kai don magani, amfani da abinci na musamman, da isassun matakan kariya.