Contents
Menene takin nitrogen
Waɗannan su ne takin mai magani waɗanda ke ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na nitrogen(1). Yana iya zama kawai na gina jiki, ko a cikin wasu abubuwan gina jiki masu rakiyar, amma nitrogen a kowane hali yana rinjaye.
Tun da nitrogen yana da hannu sosai a cikin ƙasa, sau da yawa ba ya isa ga tsire-tsire. Saboda haka, takin nitrogen yana daya daga cikin manyan.
Muhimmancin Takin Nitrogen
Takin Nitrogen yana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa.
Haɓaka girma shuka. Nitrogen wani bangare ne na DNA, RNA da sunadarai, wato, a cikin kowane "bulo" da aka gina shuka, akwai nitrogen. Idan nitrogen yana da yawa, tsire-tsire da sauri suna samun nauyi.
Ƙara yawan aiki. An yarda da cewa nitrogen ne ke da alhakin girma, phosphorus don fure, da potassium don 'ya'yan itace. Gabaɗaya, wannan gaskiya ne. Amma nitrogen kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da amfanin gona: yana ƙara girman ba kawai harbe da ganye ba, har ma furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kuma mafi girma 'ya'yan itace, mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan kashi yana ƙaruwa ba kawai girman kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba, har ma da ingancin su. Kuma godiya ga nitrogen, an dage farawa buds furanni. Yawancin su, yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Yana warkar da raunuka a kan bishiyoyi. Sau da yawa bayan dasawa, musamman bayan mai ƙarfi, wuraren yankewa da yanke ba su warke ba na dogon lokaci. A sakamakon haka, lokacin sanyi na tsire-tsire yana raguwa: bishiyoyin da aka daskare da yawa na iya daskare dan kadan a cikin hunturu. Kuma a kan itacen daskararre, ciwon daji na baki da sauran cututtuka nan da nan "zauna". Wannan shine lokacin da babu isasshen nitrogen. Don haka, bayan dasawa, dole ne a ciyar da gonar tare da nitrogen:
- Ana yin suturar farko a cikin Afrilu: 0,5 buckets na taki mai lalacewa ko 1 - 2 kilogiram na taki na kaza da 1 sq. m kusa da da'irar gangar jikin;
- na biyu - a farkon Yuni: takin mai magani iri ɗaya a cikin allurai iri ɗaya.
Maimakon kwayoyin halitta, zaka iya amfani da takin ma'adinai - ammophoska ko ammonium nitrate (bisa ga umarnin).
Hanzarta 'ya'yan itace. Ya faru da cewa apple itatuwa ko pears zauna a kan shafin na shekaru, rayayye girma sama da ƙasa, amma ba sa so su Bloom. Shekaru biyar, bakwai, goma sun shuɗe, amma har yanzu babu girbi. Nitrogen takin mai magani zai taimaka gyara halin da ake ciki. Don hanzarta furen apple da bishiyar pear, dole ne a yi amfani da su sau biyu:
- na farko - a farkon girma girma: 40 - 50 g da da'irar gangar jikin itacen apple na matasa;
- na biyu - kafin karshen harbe girma (a karshen watan Yuni): 80 - 120 g da da'irar gangar jikin.
Dace ammonium nitrate ko urea. Amma tuna: wannan babban kashi ne kuma ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da irin wannan adadin taki zuwa busasshiyar ƙasa! Dole ne a fara shayar da shi, sannan a taki, sannan a sake shayar da shi.
Nau'i da sunayen takin nitrogen
An raba takin Nitrogen zuwa kungiyoyi 2:
- kwayoyin halitta;
- ma'adinai
Rukunin farko ya hada da taki da abubuwan da suka samo asali (jiko na mullein, humus, da sauransu). Amma takin nitrogen ma'adinai, bi da bi, an kasu kashi 4:
- urea (mide);
- ammonia (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfide);
- ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate);
- nitrate (sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate).
Aikace-aikacen takin nitrogen
Ana amfani da takin nitrogen, a matsayin mai mulkin, daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen Yuli - ba za a iya amfani da su daga baya ba, saboda suna haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar kore, wanda tsire-tsire ke ciyar da dukan ƙarfin su don lalata girbi. Kuma a cikin bishiyoyi kusa da shrubs, marigayi aikace-aikacen nitrogen yana jinkirta ci gaban harbe, ba su da lokacin girma, wanda ya rage juriya na bishiyoyi (2).
Banda sabon taki. Ana shafa shi a cikin fall saboda yana da yawa sosai kuma yana iya ƙone tushen. Kuma a cikin lokacin hunturu, wani sashi ya lalace kuma ya zama lafiya ga shuke-shuke.
Ana iya amfani da takin Nitrogen a matsayin babban taki - ana amfani dashi a cikin bazara don tono, azaman kayan ado na sama a lokacin rani - tare da ban ruwa, da wasu ma'adanai - don suturar saman foliar akan ganye.
Ribobi da rashin amfani da takin nitrogen
Nitrogen takin mai magani iri-iri ne, kowannen su yana da nasa fa'ida da rashin amfaninsa, amma kuma akwai abubuwan gama gari.
ribobi
To mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Yawancin takin nitrogen na narkewa cikin ruwa, don haka ana iya amfani da su azaman babban tufa tare da ban ruwa ko azaman kayan ado na saman foliar don fesa foliar.
Tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar su da sauri. Tasirin aikace-aikacen su yana zuwa da sauri - a cikin 'yan kwanaki kawai.
fursunoni
Idan ana amfani da takin nitrogen daidai, bisa ga umarnin, to babu matsala tare da su. Amma idan shuke-shuke suna overfed da nitrogen, sakamakon zai iya zama m.
Tsire-tsire suna kitso. Wannan shi ne sananne musamman akan kayan marmari - cucumbers, tumatir da ƙari. Suna zuwa ga ganye, amma babu 'ya'yan itatuwa. Yana kuma kitse dankali - ba ya samar da tubers.
'Ya'yan itace, Berry da perennials sun daskare kaɗan. Idan a cikin rabi na biyu na lokacin rani ka overfed shuke-shuke da nitrogen, yana yiwuwa za su daskare dan kadan. Ko da a lokacin sanyi mai laushi.
Ragewa a cikin hardiness hunturu yana hade da babban abun ciki na ruwa a cikin harbe. Don haka yana da kyau kada ku yi wasa da nitrogen - dole ne ku bi duka allurai da sharuɗɗan.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, tubers da kwararan fitila ana adana muni. Dankali da apples da aka cinye ba za su yi ƙarya na dogon lokaci ba - za su ruɓe da sauri.
Tsire-tsire sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari. Idan akwai tsire-tsire guda biyu a cikin lambun - daya takin bisa ga ka'idoji, kuma na biyu ya wuce gona da iri, to, alal misali, aphids da powdery mildew za su fara kai hari ga shuka.
Nitrates suna taruwa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman idan shuka ba ta da isasshen haske. Misali, ana shuka kayan lambu a karkashin bishiyoyi.
Af, nitrates, wanda ke tsoratar da mu kullum, ba su da haɗari sosai. Yafi haɗari fiye da nitrite. A mafi yawan adadin nitrogen, nitrosamines kuma suna taruwa a cikin tsire-tsire, kuma waɗannan carcinogens ne.
Yin amfani da takin nitrogen a cikin lambun lambu da kayan lambu
A cikin lambun, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai na nitrogen a farkon bazara - a farkon hutun toho. Idan yankin da ke ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi ba shi da komai, akwai ƙasa kawai, to, an warwatse su a cikin da'irar kusa-kusa kuma an saka su cikin ƙasa tare da rake. Idan akwai lawn ko turf a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, kawai suna warwatse a saman.
A cikin lambun, ana kuma amfani da takin ma'adinai na nitrogen a cikin bazara, don tono wurin. A nan gaba, ana amfani da su azaman sutura - an narkar da su a cikin ruwa da shayar da kayan lambu. Ko kuma a fesa su a cikin ganye idan tsire-tsire sun nuna alamun rashin nitrogen.
Ana kawo taki sabo a cikin lambu da lambun a cikin bazara don tono (ban da lambuna tare da lawn ko turf - ba sa amfani da taki a can). Ana iya ƙara humus a cikin ramukan nan da nan kafin dasa shuki ko amfani da shi azaman ciyawa don gadaje da kututturen bishiyoyi da shrubs.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa takin nitrogen ya fi tasiri a cikin ƙasa mai laushi (3).
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Mun magance tambayoyin da suka fi shahara game da takin nitrogen Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.
Shin zai yiwu a yi amfani da takin nitrogen a cikin fall?
Za a iya amfani da takin nitrogen don tsire-tsire na cikin gida?
Don tsire-tsire na cikin gida, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin gargajiya na ruwa.
Shin gaskiya ne cewa takin nitrogen yana tara nitrates?
Af, yawancin mazauna lokacin rani sun yi imanin cewa nitrates suna tarawa a cikin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa kawai lokacin da ake amfani da takin ma'adinai na nitrogen. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne - suna kuma tarawa daga taki har ma da yawa.
Tushen
- Kovalev ND, Atroshenko MD, Deconnor AV, Litvinenko AN Tushen noma da samar da amfanin gona // M., Selkhozizdat, 1663 - 567 p.
- Rubin SS Taki na 'ya'yan itace da berries amfanin gona // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
- Ulyanova MA, Vasilenko VI, Zvolinsky VP Matsayin takin nitrogen a cikin aikin noma na zamani // Kimiyya, fasaha da ilimi, 2016 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rol-azotnyh-udobreniy-v-sovremennom-selskom-hozyaystve