Nephrology ƙwararren likita ne wanda ke da alaƙa da rigakafi, ganowa da kuma kula da cututtukan koda.

Kodan (jiki yana da biyu) tana tace kusan lita 200 na jini a kowace rana. Suna fitar da gubobi da tarkace a cikin fitsari, sannan su dawo da abubuwan da suka dace don aikin da ya dace na jiki zuwa jini. Don yin hoto, bari mu ce suna taka rawa na shuka mai tsarkakewa wanda ke tace ruwan datti na birni. 

Yawancin cututtuka suna buƙatar shawarwari tare da likitan nephrologist. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• a na gazawar m ko na kullum;
• na ciwon koda ;
• proteinuria (kasancewar furotin a cikin fitsari);
• hematuria (kasancewar jini a cikin fitsari);
• ciwon nephritic;
• glomerulonephritis;
• ko kuma yawan kamuwa da cutar yoyon fitsari.

Wasu mutane suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar koda. Ga wasu abubuwan da aka sani don ƙara haɗari:

• ciwon sukari;
• hawan jini;
• shan taba;
• ko kiba (3).

Likitan nephrologist shine ƙwararren koda. Yana aiki a asibiti kuma yana kula da bangaren likitanci, amma ba aikin tiyata ba (likitan urologist ne ke yin aikin tiyata a koda ko fitsari). Don wannan, yana aiwatar da hanyoyin likita da yawa:

• da farko ya tambayi majinyacinsa, musamman don samun bayanai kan kowane iyali ko tarihin likita;
• yana yin gwajin asibiti mai tsauri;
• yana iya yin ko yin odar gwaje-gwaje, kamar duban dan tayi na koda da na fitsari, CT scan, scintigraphy na renal, biopsy na renal, angiogram;
• yana bin marasa lafiya na dialysis, yana kula da sakamakon aikin dashen koda bayan aiki;
• yana kuma rubuta magungunan ƙwayoyi, kuma yana ba da shawarar abinci.

Shawarwarin da likitan nephrologist bai ƙunshi wani haɗari na musamman ga mai haƙuri ba.

Horo don zama likitan nephrologist a Faransa

Don zama likitan nephrology, ɗalibin dole ne ya sami takardar shaidar digiri na musamman (DES) a cikin nephrology:

• bayan kammala karatunsa, dole ne ya fara bin shekaru 6 a sashin likitanci;
• a karshen shekara ta 6, dalibai suna yin jarrabawar tantancewa ta kasa don shiga makarantar allo. Dangane da rabe-rabensu, za su iya zabar sana'arsu da wurin aikinsu. Koyarwar horo a cikin nephrology yana ɗaukar shekaru 4 kuma ya ƙare tare da samun DES a cikin nephrology.

A ƙarshe, don samun damar yin aiki a matsayin likitan nephrologist kuma ɗaukar matsayin likita, ɗalibin kuma dole ne ya kare ƙaidar bincike.

Horo don zama likitan nephrologist a Quebec

Bayan karatun kwaleji, ɗalibin dole ne:

• bi digirin digirgir a likitanci, tsawon shekaru 1 ko 4 (tare da ko ba tare da shekara ta shiri don magani ga ɗaliban da aka shigar da kwalejin ko horo na jami'a wanda ake ganin bai isa ba a cikin ilimin kimiyyar halittu na asali);
• sannan ƙware ta hanyar bin shekaru 3 na likitancin ciki da shekaru 2 na zama a cikin nephrology.

Shirya ziyarar

Kafin zuwa alƙawari tare da likitan nephrologist, yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar takardun magani na kwanan nan, duk wani haskoki na x-ray, dubawa ko ma MRI da aka yi.

Don nemo likitan nephrologist:

• a Quebec, kuna iya tuntuɓar gidan yanar gizon "Quebec Médecin" (4);
• a Faransa, ta gidan yanar gizon Ordre des médecins (5).

Lokacin da likitan da ke zuwa ya ba da shawarar tuntuɓar likitan nephrologist, Inshorar Lafiya (Faransa) ko Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec ta rufe ta.