Wuyan (daga Old French col, daga Latin collum) shine yanki na jiki wanda ke haɗa kai zuwa thorax.

An iyakance wuya a gaba ta makogwaro, a baya da napelin wuyansa, a ƙasa da kasusuwan ƙugiya kuma sama da mandible.

A matakin makogwaro, wuyansa yana haye da sassan sama na tsarin narkewa, pharynx da esophagus, da kuma sassan na sama na tsarin numfashi, makogwaro da trachea. Haka kuma akwai gland a wuya guda hudu:

• Thyroid, wanda yake a gaban gaban trachea, yana ɓoye hormones na thyroid guda biyu waɗanda ke aiki akan metabolism.
• Parathyroids su ne ƙananan gland da suke a bayan saman thyroid, suna ɓoye wani hormone wanda ke aiki akan matakin calcium a cikin jini.
• Glandar salivary wanda ake wakilta ta parotid (wanda yake a gaban kunnuwa) da kuma submandibular (wanda yake ƙarƙashin muƙamuƙi).
• Muscle platysma, yana rufe gaban wuyansa kuma yana ba da damar motsi na baki da tashin hankali na fata na wuyansa.
• Tsokar sternocleidomastoid, an shimfiɗa ta a gefen wuyansa tsakanin kashin baya da kashin wuya da kashi na wucin gadi. Yana ba da damar jujjuyawa, karkatar da kai.

A baya, ƙwanƙarar wuyan wuyansa ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i bakwai na kashin baya, wanda aka ƙidaya daga C1 zuwa C7. Suna ba da ƙarfi da motsi zuwa wuyansa. Na farko biyu na kashin baya, da ake kira atlas (C1) da axis (C2), suna da nau'i na nau'i daban-daban daga sauran vertebrae wanda ya ba su muhimmiyar rawa a cikin motsi na wuyansa. Atlas yana bayyana tare da kashin kai na occipital, wanda ke ba mu damar karkatar da kan mu cikin yarda. Axis (C2) yana da aikin pivot wanda ke ba da damar juyawa na atlas, sabili da haka na kai. Maganar da ke tsakanin C1 da C2 suna ba da damar kai na gefe don juyawa a matsayin alamar ƙin yarda.

tsokoki na wuya

Yawancin tsokoki suna rufe wuyansa, an haɗa su zuwa kwanyar, kwakwalwar mahaifa da kasusuwa. Suna ba da izinin motsi na kai kuma galibi suna cikin nau'in madauri. Muna samun a cikin wasu:

Samar da jini da abubuwa masu juyayi

An ƙetare wuyan a kowane gefe ta hanyar ƙwayar carotid na kowa wanda ya raba zuwa waje da na ciki carotids, vertebral artery da kuma ta biyu jugular veins (na ciki da waje).

Yawancin jijiyoyi suna tafiya ta cikin wuyansa, musamman ma jijiyoyi (ko jijiya na pneumogastric, rawar da ke cikin narkewa da bugun zuciya), phrenic (innervation na diaphragm) da kuma kashin baya (motsi da ji na jiki) jijiyoyi.

Babban aikin wuyansa shine goyon baya da motsi na kai godiya ga tsarin kashi da tsoka.

Saboda duk tsarin da ya ƙunshi, yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen narkewa, numfashi, phonation da metabolism.

Cervicalgia. Ciwon wuya yana iya samun asali da yawa. Misali, ana danganta su zuwa:

• Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar tsoka da taurin kai: Ƙunƙarar tsoka mai tsawo a cikin kafadu da baya na wuyansa wanda zai iya zama mai raɗaɗi. Yawancin lokaci suna haifar da riƙe matsayi na sa'o'i da yawa ko matsayi mara kyau.
• Whiplash: Ana kiranta da bulala (motsin kai gaba, sannan baya). Yana iya faruwa a lokacin hatsarin mota ko tasiri mai karfi yayin wasan motsa jiki.
• Torticollis: Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar tsoka ta ɗaya daga cikin tsokoki na wuyansa. Yana haifar da ciwo mai ƙarfi a wuyansa da kuma toshe motsi. Ana samun mutumin da "manne".
• Cervical osteoarthritis: lalacewa da tsagewar guringuntsi da ke wurin haɗin gwiwar kashin mahaifa. Wannan ilimin cutar ya shafi mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 50 kuma yana haifar da ciwo, ciwon kai (ciwon kai), taurin wuya. Cuta ce ta yau da kullun wacce ke ci gaba a hankali cikin shekaru da yawa.

Kwafi na Herniated : diski na herniated yayi daidai da fitowar wani yanki na diski na intervertebral. Wadannan fayafai suna ba da sassauci ga ginshiƙi kuma suna aiki azaman masu ɗaukar girgiza a yayin wani tasiri. Faifan da ke kwance yana faruwa a lokacin da diski ya raunana, fashe, ko ruptures kuma wani ɓangare na tsakiya na gelatinous ya fashe. Yana iya shafar kowane yanki na kashin baya. A cikin yanayin wuyansa, muna magana ne game da diski na mahaifa.

kumburi

Angina: kamuwa da cuta a cikin makogwaro, kuma musamman a cikin tonsils. Yana iya mikawa zuwa gaba dayan pharynx. Angina yana haifar da ko dai ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta - wannan shine mafi yawan lokuta - ko kuma ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta kuma yana da ciwon makogwaro mai tsanani.

Laryngitis: kumburin makogwaro, musamman a cikin igiyoyin murya. Magana sai ya zama mai zafi. Akwai nau'i biyu na laryngitis: m laryngitis da na kullum laryngitis, kuma akwai bambanci tsakanin yaro da babba laryngitis.

pharyngitis: kumburi daga cikin pharynx, mafi sau da yawa saboda m kamuwa da cuta, lalacewa ta hanyar kwayar cuta ko kwayoyin. Lokacin da kumburi kuma ya shafi ƙwayoyin mucous na hanci, ana kiran shi nasopharyngitis.

Cyst: Cyst wani rami ne wanda ya ƙunshi ruwa ko wani abu mai ƙarfi wanda ke samuwa a cikin gabobin jiki ko nama. Yawancin cysts ba su da ciwon daji. A cikin wuyansa, wanda ya fi kowa shine cyst na thyroglossal tract (3) (kusan kashi 70 cikin dari na abubuwan da aka haifa a cikin wannan yanki). Na asalin amfrayo, shine sakamakon rashin ci gaba na thyroid a cikin makonni na farko na ciki. A cikin kashi 50% na lokuta yana faruwa kafin shekaru 20. Kamuwa da cuta yawanci shine babban abin da ke damun sa.

Lymphadenopathy (lymph nodes): mafi sau da yawa, wannan kumburin lymph ne wanda ke kumbura don amsa kamuwa da cuta, kamar sanyi mai sauƙi misali. Duk da haka, akwai wasu dalilai masu yawa na "kumburi" da ke faruwa a cikin wuyansa ko makogwaro. Don haka yana da kyau a tuntuɓi likitan ku a cikin ƙaramin shakka don sanin asalin.

Pathology na thyroid gland shine yake

Goiter: yana nufin karuwar girman glandar thyroid. Yana da yawa, musamman a cikin mata. Goiter a kansa ba cuta ba ce. Yana iya kasancewa a cikin cututtuka iri-iri.

Thyroid nodule: Ba sabon abu ba ne don ƙaramin taro ya haifar a cikin glandar thyroid, saboda dalilan da har yanzu ba a san su ba. An ba shi sunan nodule na thyroid.

Ciwon daji na thyroid: Ciwon daji na thyroid kansa ne da ba kasafai ba. Akwai sabbin maganganu 4000 a Faransa a kowace shekara (don cutar kansar nono 40). Ya shafi mata 000%. Ana gano wannan ciwon daji a farkon mataki. Magani yana da tasiri sosai tare da magani a cikin 75% na lokuta.

Hypothyroidism: sakamakon rashin isasshen samar da hormone ta thyroid gland shine. Mutanen da wannan matsalar ta fi shafa su ne mata bayan shekaru 50.

Hyperthyroidism: yana nufin haɓakar haɓakar hormones na thyroid wanda ba a saba da shi ba. Yana da ƙasa da na kowa fiye da hypothyroidism. A cikin mutanen da ke da hyperthyroidism, metabolism yana aiki da sauri. Suna iya jin tsoro, yin motsin hanji akai-akai, girgiza da rage kiba, misali.

Ciwon wuyan wuya ya shafi 10-20% na yawan jama'a. Don sauƙaƙewa da hana waɗannan matsalolin, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da wasu motsa jiki na yau da kullum wanda zai iya zama al'ada da sauri.

Ga wasu cututtuka, irin su laryngitis, wasu shawarwari na iya hana ku daga rashin lafiya. Ga wasu, cin abinci mai arziki a cikin iodine zai hana rashi, wanda shine haɗari ga nodule na thyroid misali. A gefe guda, ga sauran cututtuka irin su ciwon daji na thyroid ko goiter, babu wata hanyar rigakafi.

Hoto na likita:

• Cervical duban dan tayi: wani likita hoto dabara dangane da yin amfani da duban dan tayi, mara sauti tãguwar ruwa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a "ganin" ciki na jiki. Binciken don tabbatar da kasancewar cyst, alal misali, ko ciwon daji na thyroid (aunawa na gland, gaban nodules, da dai sauransu).
• Na'urar daukar hotan takardu: Dabarar hoto mai ganowa wacce ta ƙunshi “bincike” wani yanki na jiki don ƙirƙirar hotuna masu ɓarna ta amfani da katako na X-ray. Kalmar “Scanner” ita ce ainihin sunan na’urar likitanci, amma ana amfani da ita don komawa ga jarrabawa. Har ila yau, muna magana game da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ko na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Ana iya amfani da shi don sanin girman cyst ko kasancewar ciwace misali.
• MRI (hoton maganadisu na maganadisu): gwajin likita don dalilai na bincike da aka gudanar ta amfani da babban na'urar silinda wanda aka samar da filin maganadisu da raƙuman radiyo don samar da ingantattun hotuna, a cikin 2D ko 3D, na sassan jiki (a nan wuyansa da ta. sassan ciki). MRI yana ba da cikakkun hotuna na kashin baya na mahaifa, jijiyoyi da nama da ke kewaye. Ana iya amfani da shi don tantance raunin da ya faru ga kashin baya, ƙwayar mahaifa ko ciwon daji na kashin baya misali.

Laryngoscopy: gwajin da likita ya yi don duba bayan makogwaro, larynx da igiyoyin murya ta hanyar amfani da endoscope (nau'i na bakin ciki, mai kama da tube mai haske da ruwan tabarau). Ana aiwatar da shi don neman misali abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwo a cikin makogwaro, zubar jini ko gano cutar daji.

Exploratory cervicotomy: aikin tiyata wanda ya ƙunshi buɗe wuyansa don cire cyst ko kumburin lymph wanda ba a san yanayinsa ba ko don neman ganewar asali.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) kimantawa: gwajin TSH shine mafi kyawun nuni don kimanta cututtukan thyroid. Ana amfani da shi don tantance hypo- ko hyperthyroidism, don saka idanu kan cututtukan thyroid ko kuma ana yin shi a cikin mutanen da ke da goiter.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) sashi: Parathyroid hormone (boye da parathyroid gland shine yake) taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita calcium a cikin jiki. Ana ba da shawarar kashi idan akwai hypercalcemia (yawan matakin calcium a cikin jini ko duwatsun koda misali.

"Yaron rakumi" (7) shi ne yadda ake yiwa wani yaro dan kasar China mai shekaru 15 laqabi, wanda ya fi kowa tsayi a duniya da ciwon kashin mahaifa 10 maimakon 7. Wannan shi ne sakamakon rashin lafiyan da ke haifar da ciwon maza da mata. wahalar tafiya (matsi da jijiyoyi a wuyansa).

Giraffe, mai tsayin wuyansa, shine mafi tsayin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Da yake yana iya kaiwa mita 5,30 ga maza da 4,30 m ga mata, raƙuman raƙuman ruwa yana da adadin adadin kashin mahaifa kamar na dabbobi masu shayarwa, wato 7, wanda ya kai kimanin 40 cm kowane (8).