Yanzu a cikin Yamma: a cikin Amurka da Turai - ya daina zama gaye sosai don zama mai cin ganyayyaki kawai, kuma ya zama mafi "a cikin yanayin" ya zama "vegan". Daga wannan ya zo a wajen m Yamma Trend: da zalunci da madara. Wasu “taurari” na Yamma - ba kome ba cewa sun yi nisa da kimiyya da magani - suna bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa sun bar madara kuma suna jin daɗi - don haka mutane da yawa suna tambayar kansu: watakila ni? Ko da yake, watakila, zai zama darajar ce wa kanka: da kyau, wani ya ƙi madara, don haka menene? Yana jin daɗi - da kyau, kuma, me ke faruwa? Bayan haka, ba kawai jikin dukan mutane ya bambanta ba, amma miliyoyin sauran mutane (hanyar ba ta shahara ba) suna jin dadi sosai, kuma suna cinye madara? Amma wani lokacin ra'ayin garken yana da ƙarfi a cikinmu, muna so mu "rayu kamar tauraro" ta yadda wani lokacin ma a shirye muke mu ƙi wani ingantaccen ilimin kimiyya da samfur mai amfani. Canza shi zuwa me? - zuwa ƙananan karatu, tsada kuma ba a tabbatar da "superfoods" ba - kamar, misali, spirulina. Gaskiyar cewa madara samfur ce da aka yi nazari sosai a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma a cikin rukunin rubutu da alama ba ta damun kowa. Akwai jita-jita game da "lalacewar" madara - kuma a kan ku, yanzu yana da gaye kada ku sha shi. Amma ga madarar waken soya da almond - da ciwon nuances masu cutarwa, ko samfurori na amfani mai ban sha'awa, irin su spirulina iri ɗaya, muna da hadama.
"Zaluntar madara" abu ne mai fahimta a wani wuri a cikin mafi talauci na Afirka da kuma bayan Arctic Circle, inda babu yanayin tsafta ko yanayin kwayoyin halitta don shan madara. Amma ga Rasha da Amurka, waɗanda suka sami ingantaccen kiwon dabbobi tun zamanin da, kuma waɗanda za a iya kiran su "ƙasar shanu" - wannan aƙalla baƙon abu ne. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta - rashin lafiyar madara, ba a Amurka ko a cikin ƙasarmu ba ya wuce 15%.
Jimlar "lala" ko "rashin amfani" madara ga manya labari ne wawa wanda aka "tabbatar" kawai ta hanyar ɗimbin "shaida" mai tsananin zafin gaske, ba tare da la'akari da binciken kimiyya ko ƙididdiga ba. Sau da yawa ana ba da irin wannan "shaida" akan shafukan yanar gizo na mutanen da suka sayar da "kayan abinci mai gina jiki" ko ƙoƙarin samun kuɗi ta hanyar "shawarar" yawan jama'a game da abinci mai gina jiki (ta hanyar Skype, da dai sauransu). Wadannan mutane kusan ko da yaushe suna da nisa daga ba kawai magungunan asibiti da abinci mai gina jiki ba, har ma daga ƙoƙari na gaske don bincika wannan batu. Kuma wanda, a cikin yanayin salon Amurka, ba zato ba tsammani ya rubuta kansu a matsayin "masu cin ganyayyaki". Hujjojin da ke goyon bayan cutarwar madara yawanci abin ban dariya ne kuma ba za su iya gasa da ƙarar bayanan kimiyya ba. amfana madara. "Zaluntar madara" kusan koyaushe yana jin daɗi kuma shaidar da mutane ke kashewa ". A Rasha, inda yawancin tsofaffin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ke yin "marasa ma'ana da rashin tausayi", akwai, da rashin alheri, kawai miliyan irin wannan "anti-madara" mai fushi, shafukan da aka tsara.
Amurkawa kuwa, suna son gaskiyar kimiyya; a ba su bayanan bincike, rahotanni, labarai a cikin mujallolin kimiyya, masu shakka ne. Duk da haka, a cikin Rasha da Amurka, mutane da wuya suna fama da rashi lactase: bisa ga kididdigar, a cikin kasashen biyu, kawai 5-15% na lokuta. Amma kuna iya ganin bambanci tsakanin halayen Yammacin Turai game da madara da kuma "namu" bisa ga kayan da aka samo daga shafukan harshen Rashanci: na ƙarshe sun mamaye maganganun tsirara, kamar "madara yana da kyau ga yara kawai." Gaskiyar cewa ba muna magana ne game da madarar uwa ba, amma madarar gaba ɗaya daban-daban, ba ze damu da marubutan irin wannan "hujja" masu "tabbaci" ba. A kan albarkatun Amurka, mutane kaɗan ne za su saurare ku ba tare da ambaton binciken kimiyya ba. To, me ya sa muka kasance masu yaudara?
Sai dai masanan nan na Amurka sun sha yin rubuce-rubucen cewa matsalar rashin haƙuri da madara ta shafi ɗaiɗaikun mutane ne, ciki har da mazauna Afirka (Sudan da sauran ƙasashe) da kuma mutanen yankin Arewa mai Nisa. Yawancin Rashawa, kamar Amurkawa, ba su damu da wannan batu ko kadan ba. Wanene ya dumi - menene ke can, a zahiri yana tafasa - kin amincewa da jama'a na irin wannan samfurin mai amfani kamar madara? Zaluntar madara yana kama da kawai ga "allergy" na al'ummar Amurka ga alkama da sukari: 0.3% na yawan mutanen duniya suna fama da rashin haƙuri, kuma jikin kowane mutum yana buƙatar sukari, ba tare da togiya ba.
Me yasa irin wannan ƙin daji: daga alkama, daga sukari, daga madara? Daga waɗannan samfuran masu amfani da arha, samfuran da aka saba samu? Mai yiyuwa ne cewa wasan kwaikwayo na halin da ake ciki a Amurka, Turai da Rasha suna yin ta hanyar masu sha'awar masana'antar abinci. Hakanan ana yin wannan, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar masana'antun "madara" waken soya da makamantansu. A kan kalaman na hysteria game da tunanin cutar da madara da kuma zargin tartsatsi madara rashin haƙuri (wanda aka gabatar a matsayin "ka'ida" a cikin irin wannan farfagandar!) Yana da sauki sayar da matsananci-tsada "superfoods" da madara musanya da kuma "madadin" - waɗanda har yanzu suna da matukar wahala don maye gurbin halaye masu amfani na yau da kullun madara!
A lokaci guda, akwai - kuma sun bayyana duka a cikin Yammacin Turai da kuma a cikin latsawa na Intanet - da ainihin bayanai game da haɗarin madara ga wasu mutane.
Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu taƙaita haƙiƙanin gaskiya game da haɗarin madara:
1. Yin amfani da madara akai-akai yana da illa ga mutanen da ke fama da wata cuta ta musamman - rashin haƙuri na lactose. Rashin haƙuri na lactose shine yanayin yanayin jiki wanda ba shi da kyau ga mazaunin Rasha (ko Amurka). Ana samun wannan cutar ta ƙwayoyin cuta a tsakanin Indiyawan Arewacin Amurka, a Finland, a wasu ƙasashen Afirka, a Tailandia da adadi. Rashin haƙuri ga lactose cuta ce da jiki bai kai na al'ada ba yana iya narkar da lactose, nau'in sukari da ake samu a cikin madara da kayan kiwo. Wannan yanayin rashin lafiya yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashi na lactase, wani enzyme wanda ke taimakawa wajen narkewar lactose. A matsakaita, a cikin kwayoyin halitta, mazaunan Rasha ba su da matukar damuwa ga rashi lactase. An kiyasta damar samun wannan "cutar Finnish" a 5% -20% mai yiwuwa ga mazaunin ƙasarmu. A lokaci guda, akan Intanet (akan waɗancan masu cin ganyayyaki masu cin ganyayyaki da wuraren cin abinci masu ƙarfi) galibi zaku iya samun adadi na 70%! - amma wannan shine, a gaskiya, matsakaicin matsakaici a duniya (la'akari da Afirka, Sin, da dai sauransu), kuma ba a cikin Rasha ba. Bugu da ƙari, "matsakaicin zafin jiki a asibiti", a gaskiya, ba ya ba da wani abu ga ko dai marasa lafiya ko masu lafiya: ko dai kuna da rashin haƙƙin lactose ko ba ku, kuma duk waɗannan kashi ba za su ba ku kome ba, kawai damuwa! Kamar yadda kuka sani, akwai mutane marasa daidaituwa waɗanda, lokacin karantawa game da kowace cuta ta zahiri: kasancewar rashin haƙuri na lactose, cutar celiac ko bubonic annoba, nan da nan suka sami alamun farko a cikin kansu… , sun riga sun tabbata cewa sun daɗe suna fama da shi ! Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin ko da akwai "alamomin rashin haƙuri na madara", matsalar na iya kasancewa a cikin banal banal, kuma lactose bazai da wani abu da shi. Daga gwaninta na kaina, zan ƙara cewa cin abinci yau da kullun na sabobin ganye da yalwar legumes - wanda ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin sabbin masu dafa abinci da kayan marmari - yana iya haifar da haushin ciki fiye da madara.
Duk da haka, ya kasance kamar yadda zai yiwu, yana yiwuwa a gano tare da amincewa da kansa (ƙasa) rashi na lactazone, a yanzu, kuma ba tare da likitoci ba! Yana da sauki:
Sha gilashin madara na yau da kullum, wanda aka sayar a cikin shaguna (pasteurized, "daga kunshin") - bayan kawo shi zuwa tafasa, da sanyaya shi zuwa zafin jiki mai karɓa,
Jira minti 30 zuwa 2 hours. (A lokaci guda, na shawo kan jarabar jefawa cikin wani yanki na sabobin salads da wake tare da wake). Komai!
Idan a cikin wannan lokacin kun nuna alamun: colic na hanji, kumburin hanji, tashin zuciya ko amai, zawo (fiye da lokuta 3 na kwance ko maras kyau a kowace rana) - to, eh, kuna iya samun rashin haƙuri na lactose.
Kada ku damu, irin wannan kwarewa ba zai kawo lahani ga lafiyar ku ba. Alamun zasu tsaya tare da daina shan madara.
Yanzu, hankali: Rashin haƙuri na lactose ba yana nufin ba za ku iya sha madara ba kwata-kwata! Yana nufin kawai madara ne kawai ya dace da ku. Menene madara mai sabo - dannye, "daga ƙarƙashin saniya", ko menene? Me ya sa, yana da haɗari, wasu na iya cewa. Kuma eh, yana da haɗari a sha madara kai tsaye daga ƙarƙashin saniya kwanakin nan. Amma sabo ne, mai tururi ko "raw" madara ana la'akari da ranar milking, a cikin sa'o'i na farko bayan dumama na farko (tafasa) - wajibi ne don kare kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic wanda zai iya ƙunsar! A kimiyance: irin wannan madarar ta ƙunshi dukkan enzymes da ake buƙata don narkewar kansa (wanda aka haifar da autolysis)! A gaskiya ma, madarar "danye" ce. Don haka ko da rashin haƙuri na lactose, "gona", "sabo" madara, wanda ba a dafa shi ba, ya dace sosai. Kuna buƙatar saya shi a ranar nono kuma ku kawo shi a tafasa da kanku, kuma ku cinye shi da wuri-wuri.
2. Ba sabon abu ba ne a karanta cewa akwai shaidun kimiyya da ake zaton cewa shan madara yana kara haɗarin ciwon daji na mahaifa da kuma sake dawowa. Ba a yi gamsasshen nazari a kan haka ba, a iya sanina. Sai kawai bayanai masu karo da juna da kuma na farko na kimiyya aka samu akai-akai. Duk wannan yana a matakin zato, aiki, amma ra'ayoyin da ba a tabbatar da su ba.
3. Madara – yana da kitse, mai yawan kalori. Haka ne, a Amurka, inda daya cikin uku ke da kiba, shekaru 30 da suka wuce sun fara noma madara, wanda a cewar su, yana samun kitse daga gare ta. Kuma salon skimmed ko madara mai "haske" da yogurts mara nauyi ya tafi (ko waɗannan samfuran suna da lafiya ko cutarwa shine tattaunawa daban). Kuma me yasa ba kawai iyakance yawan adadin kuzari ba, barin madara a cikin abincin da ke da lafiya don wasu dalilai masu yawa? Yana yiwuwa masu samar da "madara almond" da "madara soya", wanda ke haifar da haɓakar nono a cikin maza, ba za su sami riba sosai ba ...
4. Bayan shekaru 55, shan madara ba shi da lahani, amma dole ne a iyakance (gilashi 1 kowace rana. Gaskiyar ita ce bayan shekaru 50, yiwuwar atherosclerosis yana ƙaruwa sosai, kuma madara ba mataimaki ba ne a nan. A lokaci guda, kimiyya ta yi la'akari da cewa madara wani ruwa ne na halitta wanda mutum, bisa ka'ida, zai iya cinyewa a tsawon rayuwarsa: har yanzu babu wani "iyakar shekaru".
5. Gurɓatar madara tare da abubuwa masu guba da radionuclides suna haifar da babbar barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam. A lokaci guda kuma, a duk ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu na duniya, madara yana ƙarƙashin takaddun shaida, lokacin da ake bincika madara, da dai sauransu, don kare lafiyar radiation, sinadarai da nazarin halittu, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin GMOs. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, madara kawai ba zai iya shiga cibiyar sadarwar rarraba ba tare da samun nasarar wucewa irin wannan takaddun shaida ba! Hatsarin shan madarar da ba ta dace da ka'idojin tsafta ba ya wanzu, a bisa ka'ida, galibi a cikin kasashen Afirka, da sauransu: a wasu kasashe marasa ci gaba, zafi da mafi talauci na duniya. Tabbas ba a cikin Rasha ba…
Yanzu - kalmar kariya. A cikin ni'imar amfani da madara, ana iya ba da dalilai da dama, waɗanda, kuma, suna kan farfagandar anti-kiwo! - sau da yawa yin shiru ko ƙoƙarin karyatawa:
da sauran nau'o'in madara da aka samar da masana'antu kimiyya sunyi nazari sosai a cikin ƙarni na 40th-20th. Amfanin amfani da madarar shanu an yi ta maimaitawa kuma ba tare da shakka ba ta hanyar kimiyya: duka a cikin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje da gwaji, ciki har da ƙungiyoyi fiye da mutane dubu XNUMX, an lura da fiye da shekaru XNUMX (!). Babu “madadin madara” kamar waken soya ko almond “madara” da zai iya yin alfahari da irin wannan shaidar kimiyya ta amfani.
Masu bin kayan abinci mai ɗanɗano da cin ganyayyaki galibi suna ɗaukar madara a matsayin samfurin “acidifying”, tare da qwai da nama. Amma ba haka ba ne! Fresh madara yana da dan kadan acidic Properties da acidity na pH = 6,68: idan aka kwatanta da "sifili" acidity a pH = 7, shi ne kusan tsaka tsaki ruwa. Dumama madara ƙara rage oxidizing Properties. Idan kun ƙara ɗanɗano na soda burodi a madara mai zafi, irin wannan abin sha yana alkalizing!
Har ma da madarar pasteurized "masana'antu" ta ƙunshi irin wannan, haka kuma, a cikin sauƙi mai narkewa wanda mutum zai iya rubuta kundin sani don lissafin abubuwan da ke da amfani. Nonon da aka dasa ya fi sauƙi da sauri ga jikin ɗan adam don narkewa fiye da yawancin samfuran "danye" da "vegan". Kuma ko da kantin sayar da-sayi madara da dukan madara gida cuku ba a narke fiye da, misali, soya. Ko da madara "mafi muni" yana narkewa na tsawon sa'o'i 2: daidai daidai da salatin kayan lambu tare da ganye, kwayoyi da aka rigaya da su da sprouts. Don haka "narkar da madara mai nauyi" tatsuniya ce mai cin ganyayyaki.
Milk – al'ada physiological mugunya na mammary gland na dabbobin gona (ciki har da shanu da awaki). Don haka a hukumance ba za a iya kiransa samfurin tashin hankali ba. A lokaci guda, riga 0.5 l na madara ya gamsar da 20% na buƙatun furotin na yau da kullun: sabili da haka, a zahiri, madara shine ɗayan manyan samfuran da'a, "kyauta" rage cin abinci. A hanyar, lita 0.5 na madara a kowace rana yana rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da 20% - don haka madara (ba kamar nama ba) har yanzu ba ya kashe mutane, ba kawai shanu ba.
Madaidaicin ka'idoji na lafiya, lafiyayyen amfani da madara, gami da. saniya, kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Rasha (RAMS) ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da kilogiram na 392 na madara da samfuran kiwo a kowace shekara (wannan, ba shakka, ya haɗa da cuku gida, yogurt, cuku, kefir, man shanu, da sauransu). Idan kuna tunani sosai, kuna buƙatar kimanin lita kilogiram na madara da kayan kiwo kowace rana don lafiya. Ba kawai madarar saniya sabo ba yana da amfani, har ma.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, yawan amfani da madara da kayayyakin kiwo a cikin kwanakinmu na “anti-rikici” ya ragu da kusan 30% (!) Idan aka kwatanta da shekarun 1990… , gami da tabarbarewar yanayin hakora da kasusuwa, wanne likitoci sukan yi magana akai? Wannan duk abin bakin ciki ne, saboda a yau a Moscow da sauran manyan birane masu inganci, ciki har da madara mai sabo da sabbin kayan kiwo na "gona" sun riga sun kasance ga mutane da yawa, har ma da matsakaicin matsakaici da matsakaicin kudin shiga. Watakila ya kamata mu ajiye kan "superfoods" na zamani kuma mu sake fara sha - duk da cewa ba a saba da shi ba, amma haka lafiya - madara?