Lyophyllum shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) hoto da bayanin

Lyophyllum shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji)

:

• Tricholoma shimeji
• Lyophyllum shimeji

Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi imanin cewa an rarraba Lyophyllum shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) a cikin iyakataccen yanki da ke rufe gandun daji na pine na Japan da sassan Gabas mai Nisa. A lokaci guda kuma, akwai wani nau'i daban, Lyophyllum fumosum (L. smoky launin toka), hade da gandun daji, musamman conifers, wasu kafofin ma sun bayyana shi a matsayin mycorrhiza tsohon tare da Pine ko spruce, a waje mai kama da L.decastes da L. .shimeji. Nazarin matakan kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa babu irin wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in ya wanzu, kuma duk abubuwan da aka samo a matsayin L.fumosum sune ko dai L.decastes specimens (mafi kowa) ko L.shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) (kasa da kowa, a cikin gandun daji na Pine). Don haka, tun daga yau (2018), an soke nau'in L.fumosum, kuma ana la'akari da shi azaman ma'anar L.decastes, yana faɗaɗa wuraren zama na ƙarshen, kusan zuwa "ko'ina". To, L.shimeji, kamar yadda ya juya waje, yana tsiro ba kawai a Japan da Gabas mai Nisa ba, amma yana yaduwa a ko'ina cikin yankin boreal daga Scandinavia zuwa Japan, kuma, a wasu wurare, ana samunsa a cikin gandun daji na Pine na yankin yanayi mai zafi. . Ya bambanta da L. decastes kawai a cikin jikin 'ya'yan itace mafi girma tare da ƙafafu masu kauri, girma a cikin ƙananan tarin ko dabam, haɗe zuwa gandun daji na Pine bushe, kuma, da kyau, a matakin kwayoyin.

Hat: 4-7 centimeters. A cikin samartaka, convex, tare da faɗin niƙaƙƙen baki. Tare da shekaru, yana fitowa, ya zama dan kadan convex ko kusan yin sujada, a tsakiyar hular kusan kusan ko da yaushe akwai ƙananan ƙananan tubercle. Fatar hular tana da ɗanɗano matte, santsi. Tsarin launi yana cikin launin toka da sautunan launin ruwan kasa, daga haske mai launin toka mai launin toka zuwa launin toka mai datti, na iya samun inuwa mai launin rawaya. A kan hular, ɗigon hygrophan mai duhu da ratsan radial galibi ana iya gani a sarari, wani lokacin ana iya samun ƙaramin ƙirar hygrophobic a cikin nau'in "ragu".

Faranti: akai-akai, kunkuntar. sako-sako ko girma dan kadan. Fari a cikin samari samfurori, daga baya duhu zuwa m ko launin toka.

Kafa: 3 - 5 centimeters a tsayi kuma har zuwa santimita daya da rabi a diamita, cylindrical. Fari ko launin toka. Filayen santsi ne, yana iya zama siliki ko fibrous don taɓawa. A cikin girma da aka kafa ta namomin kaza, kafafu suna da alaka da juna.

Zobe, mayafi, Volvo: babu.

ɓangaren litattafan almara: m, fari, dan kadan launin toka a cikin kara, na roba. Baya canza launi akan yanke da hutu.

Ƙanshi da ɗanɗano: mai daɗi, ɗanɗano ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano.

Spore foda: fari.

Spores: zagaye zuwa fadi da ellipsoid. Santsi, mara launi, hyaline ko tare da abun ciki mai kyau na cikin salula, dan kadan amyloid. Tare da babban yaduwa a girman, 5.2 - 7.4 x 5.0 - 6.5 µm.

Girma a kan ƙasa, zuriyar dabbobi, fi son bushe Pine gandun daji.

Active fruiting yana faruwa a watan Agusta - Satumba.

Lyophyllum shimeji yana girma a cikin ƙananan gungu da ƙungiyoyi, ƙasa da yawa sau ɗaya.

An rarraba ko'ina cikin Eurasia daga tsibirin Jafananci zuwa Scandinavia.

Naman kaza yana cin abinci. A Japan, Lyophyllum shimeji, wanda ake kira Hon-shimeji a can, ana ɗaukar naman kaza mai laushi.

Lyophyllum cunkoso (Lyophyllum decastes) shima yana tsirowa cikin gungu, amma waɗannan gungu sun ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na jikin 'ya'yan itace. Yana son dazuzzukan dazuzzuka. Lokacin fruiting shine daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba.

Elm lyophyllum (Elm oyster naman kaza, Hypsizgus ulmarius) ana kuma ɗaukarsa sosai a cikin bayyanarsa saboda kasancewar tabo mai zagaye na hygrophan akan hula. Namomin kaza na kawa suna da jikin 'ya'yan itace mai tsayi mai tsayi kuma launin hula gabaɗaya ya fi na Lyophyllum shimeji wuta. Duk da haka, waɗannan bambance-bambance na waje ba su da mahimmanci, idan kun kula da yanayin. Kawa naman kaza ba ya girma a kan ƙasa, yana tsiro ne kawai akan matattun itacen bishiyoyi: akan kututturewa da ragowar itacen da aka nutsar a cikin ƙasa.

Sunan jinsin Shimeji ya fito ne daga sunan jinsin Jafananci Hon-shimeji ko Hon-shimejitake. Amma a gaskiya, a Japan, a karkashin sunan "Simeji", za ka iya samun a kan sayarwa ba kawai Lyophyllum shimeji, amma kuma, misali, wani lyophyllum rayayye horar da a can, elm.

Hoto: Vyacheslav