Luria, Alexander Romanovich (Yuli 16, 1902, Kazan - Agusta 14, 1977) - sanannen masanin ilimin halin dan Adam na Soviet, wanda ya kafa neuropsychology na Rasha, dalibi na LS Vygotsky.
Farfesa (1944), likita na pedagogical sciences (1937), likita na likita kimiyyar (1943), cikakken memba na Academy of Pedagogical Sciences na RSFSR (1947), cikakken memba na Academy of Sciences na Tarayyar Soviet (1967). nasa ne na adadin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ɗabi'a waɗanda suka sami karɓuwa sosai saboda ayyukansu na kimiyya, ilmantarwa da zamantakewa. Ya sauke karatu daga Kazan University (1921) da kuma 1st Moscow Medical Institute (1937). A cikin 1921-1934. - a kan aikin kimiyya da ilimi a Kazan, Moscow, Kharkov. Daga 1934 ya yi aiki a cikin cibiyoyin bincike a Moscow. Tun 1945 - Farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow. Shugaban Sashen Neuro- da Pathopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow Jami'ar Jihar MV Lomonosov (1966-1977). A cikin fiye da shekaru 50 na aikin kimiyya, AR Luria ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ci gaban fannoni daban-daban na ilimin halin dan adam kamar ilimin harshe, ilimin halin ɗan adam, ilimin yara, ilimin halin ɗan adam, da dai sauransu.
Luria shine wanda ya kafa kuma babban editan rahotanni na APN na RSFSR, wani wallafe-wallafen wanda wakilin da dama na yankunan tunani da jin kai (Moscow Logic Circle) na tunanin bayan yakin a Rasha da Tarayyar Soviet. suka fara buga littattafansu.
Bayan ra'ayoyin LS Vygotsky, ya ci gaba da al'adu da tarihi game da ci gaban psyche, ya shiga cikin ƙirƙirar ka'idar aiki. A kan wannan dalili, ya ɓullo da ra'ayin tsarin tsarin na mafi girma shafi tunanin mutum ayyuka, su sãɓãwar launukansa, plasticity, jaddada da rayuwa-lokaci yanayin da samuwar su, su aiwatar a daban-daban iri ayyuka. Binciken dangantakar gado da ilimi a cikin ci gaban tunani. Ta hanyar amfani da tagwayen hanyar da aka saba amfani da su a al'adance don wannan dalili, ya yi mata canje-canje masu mahimmanci ta hanyar gudanar da gwajin gwajin kwayoyin halitta na ci gaban yara a karkashin yanayin da aka tsara na samar da ayyukan tunani a cikin ɗayan tagwayen. Ya nuna cewa alamomin somatic sun fi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kwayoyin halitta, ayyukan tunani na farko (misali, ƙwaƙwalwar gani) - zuwa ƙarami. Kuma don samar da matakai masu girma na tunani (tunanin tunani, fahimta mai ma'ana, da dai sauransu), yanayin ilimi yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci.
A fagen ɓacin rai, ya ƙirƙiri hanyoyin haƙiƙa don nazarin yaran da ba su da kyau. Sakamakon cikakken bincike na asibiti da ilimin lissafi na yara tare da nau'i daban-daban na rashin tunani sun kasance tushen tushen su, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikin ilmantarwa da aikin likita.
Ya halicci sabon shugabanci - neuropsychology, wanda yanzu ya zama wani reshe na musamman na ilimin halin dan adam kuma ya sami amincewar duniya. An fara farawa da ci gaban neuropsychology ta hanyar nazarin hanyoyin kwakwalwa a cikin marasa lafiya da raunin kwakwalwa na gida, musamman saboda sakamakon rauni. Ya ɓullo da ka'idar localization na mafi girma shafi tunanin mutum ayyuka, tsara da asali ka'idoji na tsauri localization na shafi tunanin mutum tafiyar matakai, halitta rarrabuwa na aphasic cuta (duba Aphasia) da kuma bayyana a baya da ba a sani ba siffofin magana cuta, ya yi nazarin rawar gaban lobes na gaba. kwakwalwa a cikin tsari na tsarin tunani, hanyoyin kwakwalwa na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Luria yana da babbar daraja ta duniya, ya kasance baƙon memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Amurka, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Amurka, Cibiyar Ilimin Ilimin Amurka, da kuma memba mai girma na wasu al'ummomin ilimin halin ɗan adam (British, Faransanci). , Swiss, Mutanen Espanya da dai sauransu). Ya kasance likita mai daraja na jami'o'i da dama: Leicester (Ingila), Lublin (Poland), Brussels (Belgium), Tampere (Finland) da sauransu. Yawancin ayyukansa an fassara su kuma an buga su akan dalar Amurka.
Manyan wallafe-wallafe
- Luria AR Magana da hankali a cikin ci gaban yara. - M., 1927.
- Luria AR Halayen Tarihin Hali: Biri. Na farko. Yaro. - M., 1930 (wanda aka rubuta tare da LS Vygotsky).
- Luria AR Koyarwar aphasia a cikin hasken ƙwayoyin cuta na kwakwalwa. - M., 1940.
- Luria AR Traumatic aphasia. - M., 1947.
- Luria AR Maido da ayyuka bayan rauni na yaƙi. - M., 1948.
- Luria AR yaro mai raunin hankali. - M., 1960.
- Luria AR Lobes na gaba da tsara tsarin tafiyar da hankali. - M., 1966.
- Luria AR Kwakwalwa da hanyoyin tunani. - M., 1963, Vol.1; M., 1970. Juzu'i na 2.
- Luria AR Ayyukan cortical mafi girma da rashin lafiyar su a cikin raunukan kwakwalwa na gida. - M., 1962, ed na biyu. 2
- Luria AR Psychology a matsayin kimiyyar tarihi. - 1971.
- Luria AR Muhimman abubuwan Neuropsychology. - M., 1973.
- Luria AR A kan ci gaban tarihi na hanyoyin fahimta. - M., 1974.
- Luria AR Neuropsychology na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. - M., 1974. Vol.1; M., 1976. Juzu'i na 2.
- Luria AR Babban matsalolin neurolinguistics. - M., 1976.
- Luria AR Harshe da sani (Manufa). - M., 1979.
- Luria AR Littafin ɗan ƙaramin abin tunawa.