Contents
Dangane da manufarta, Hukumar Edita ta MedTvoiLokony tana yin kowane ƙoƙari don samar da ingantaccen abun ciki na likita wanda ke da goyan bayan sabon ilimin kimiyya. Ƙarin tuta “Abin da aka Duba” yana nuna cewa likita ne ya duba labarin ko kuma ya rubuta kai tsaye. Wannan tabbacin mataki biyu: ɗan jarida na likita da likita ya ba mu damar samar da mafi kyawun abun ciki daidai da ilimin likita na yanzu.
An yaba da sadaukarwarmu a wannan yanki, da dai sauransu, ta Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida don Lafiya, wadda ta ba Hukumar Edita ta MedTvoiLokony lambar girmamawa ta Babban Malami.
Saturation, ko iskar oxygen na jini, yana nuna yawan iskar oxygen ke motsawa ta jikinmu tare da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Matakan jikewa na al'ada yawanci tsakanin 95% da 100% a yawancin manya masu lafiya. Duk wani matakin da ke ƙasa wannan ana kiransa ƙarancin jikewa. Ƙananan jikewa yanayi ne mai tada hankali kuma yana buƙatar kulawar likita nan da nan domin yana nufin cewa gabobinmu, kyallen jikinmu, da sel ba sa samun iskar oxygen da suke buƙatar yin aiki yadda ya kamata.
Jiki oxygen jikewa
Don fahimtar yadda jini ya cika da oxygen, yana da muhimmanci a yi magana game da alveoli (Latin. alveoli na huhu). Akwai miliyoyin waɗannan “jakar iska” a cikin huhu. Suna yin muhimmin aiki: don musanya iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide zuwa ciki da waje cikin jini.
Lokacin da kwayoyin oxygen suka ratsa cikin alveoli na huhu, suna ɗaure da haemoglobin, wani abu a cikin jini.
Yayin da haemoglobin ke yawo, iskar oxygen da gaske ke manne da shi kuma ana kai shi zuwa kyallen jikin jiki. Wannan yana ba da damar haemoglobin ya kama carbon dioxide daga kyallen takarda kuma ya mayar da shi zuwa vesicles don sake sake zagayowar.
Matakan oxygen na jini sun dogara da abubuwa masu mahimmanci:
- nawa muke shakar iskar oxygen?
- yaya kyau kumfa ke canza carbon dioxide zuwa oxygen?
- nawa ne aka tattara haemoglobin a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini?
- ta yaya hemoglobin ke jan hankalin oxygen?
Yawancin lokaci, haemoglobin yana dauke da isasshen iskar oxygen don biyan bukatun jiki. Duk da haka, wasu cututtuka suna rage ikonsa na ɗaure da oxygen.
Kowane sel na jini ya ƙunshi kusan ƙwayoyin haemoglobin miliyan 270. Duk da haka, duk wani yanayin da ke iyakance ikon jiki don samar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini zai iya haifar da ƙananan matakan haemoglobin, yana iyakance adadin iskar oxygen da zai iya cika jini.
Dubi kuma: Menene ƙananan haemoglobin ke nufi?
Low saturation - sabawa daga al'ada
Matakan iskar oxygen na jini yana taimaka mana gano yadda huhu, zuciya da tsarin jijiyoyinmu ke aiki. Matsakaicin matakin iskar oxygen a cikin jinin mutum mai lafiya ya bambanta daga 95% zuwa 100%. Wannan yana nufin cewa kusan dukkanin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini suna ɗaukar iskar oxygen zuwa sel da kyallen takarda. Mutanen da ke zaune a kan tudu ko kuma suna da wasu nau'ikan cututtuka na yau da kullun, irin su asma, emphysema, ko cututtukan huhu na huhu (COPD), suna da ƙananan karatu.
Ƙananan iskar oxygen, wanda kuma aka sani da hypoxemia, ana ɗaukar karatu tsakanin 90% da 92%. Wannan ƙananan karatun yana nufin cewa muna iya buƙatar ƙarin iskar oxygen ko kuma matsalolin na iya tasowa waɗanda suka shafi aikin huhunmu. Sakamakon kasa da kashi 90% yana nuna cewa ya kamata mu nemi kulawar likita.
Low jikewa - haddasawa
Matsalar jini, matsalolin wurare dabam dabam, da matsalolin huhu na iya hana jikin ku sha ko jigilar iskar oxygen. Wannan, bi da bi, na iya rage matakin jikewar iskar oxygen na jini.
Misalan yanayin da zasu iya shafar jikewa sun haɗa da:
- cututtuka na numfashi (misali sanyi, mura, COVID-19) kamar yadda zasu iya shafar numfashi don haka amfani da iskar oxygen;
- Ciwon huhu na yau da kullun (COPD): rukuni na cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun waɗanda ke sa wahalar numfashi;
- asma: ciwon huhu na yau da kullun wanda ke haifar da kunkuntar hanyoyin iska;
- pneumothorax: ɓarna ko cikakken rushewar huhu;
- anemia: rashin lafiyayyen jajayen ƙwayoyin jini;
- cututtukan zuciya: rukuni na yanayin da ke shafar yadda zuciya ke aiki;
- bugun jini na huhu: lokacin da zubar jini ya haifar da toshewa a cikin jijiya na huhu;
- Ciwon zuciya na haihuwa: nakasar tsarin zuciya wanda ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa.
Dubi kuma: Cututtuka 10 da aka fi sani da tsarin jini
Yadda za a auna jikewa?
Yawancin iskar oxygen ana auna ta hanyoyi biyu: gasometry da pulse oximetry.
Gas na jini yawanci ana yin shi ne kawai a saitin asibiti, yayin da ake yin oximetry na bugun jini a cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya iri-iri, gami da ofishin likita.
Gwajin jikewa - gasometry
Gas na jini gwajin jini ne. Yana auna matakin oxygen a cikin jini. Hakanan yana iya gano matakin sauran iskar gas a cikin jini da kuma pH (matakin acid / tushe). Gwajin iskar gas na jini daidai ne, amma yana cin zali.
Don samun ma'auni a cikin wannan gwajin, likitan ku zai ɗauki jini daga jijiya, ba jijiya ba. Ba kamar veins ba, arteries suna da bugun jini wanda zaku iya ji. Jinin da aka zabo daga arteries shima yana da iskar oxygen, kuma jinin da ke cikin jijiyoyinmu ba ya wanzu. Gwajin yana amfani da jijiya a wuyan hannu saboda yana da sauƙin ji idan aka kwatanta da sauran arteries. Koyaya, wuyan hannu wuri ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke sa samfurin jini ya fi dacewa idan aka kwatanta da jijiya kusa da gwiwar hannu. Har ila yau, arteries suna da zurfi fiye da jijiyoyi, wanda ke ƙara rashin jin daɗi. Ana bincika samfurin nan da nan ta injin ko a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Sakamakon da aka samu daga gwajin gasometry na iya ba wa likitanmu sanin yadda haemoglobin ke musayar iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide yadda ya kamata.
Gwajin jikewa - bugun jini oximetry
A pulse oximeter na'ura ce mara lalacewa wanda ke kimanta adadin iskar oxygen a cikin jinin ku. Yana yin haka ta hanyar aika hasken infrared zuwa capillaries na yatsa, ƙafa, ko kunun kunne. Sannan yana auna yawan hasken da ke fitowa daga iskar gas.
Karatun yana nuna adadin adadin jininmu ya cika, wanda aka sani da matakin SpO2. Wannan gwajin yana da taga kuskure 2%. Wannan yana nufin cewa karatun zai iya kaiwa kashi 2 sama ko ƙasa da ainihin matakin iskar oxygen a cikin jinin ku. Pulse oximetry na iya zama ɗan ƙasa daidai, amma likitoci na iya yin hakan cikin sauƙi.
Koyaya, yana da daraja sanin cewa, alal misali, ƙusa mai duhu ko gaɓoɓin sanyi na iya haifar da sakamakon gwajin ƙasa da na al'ada. Likitanka na iya cire goge ƙusa kafin amfani da na'urar ko kuma idan karatun ya yi ƙasa sosai.
Tun da pulse oximeter ba shi da haɗari, jin daɗin yin wannan gwajin da kanku. Ana iya siyan masu lura da bugun jini daga yawancin shagunan da ke da alaƙa da lafiya ko kan layi. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a yi magana da likitan ku kafin amfani da kayan aikin gida a gaba don fahimtar yadda ake fassara sakamakon.
Masu shan taba na iya samun karatun bugun zuciya mara daidai. Shan taba yana haifar da tarin carbon monoxide a cikin jini. Mai lura da bugun zuciya ba zai iya bambanta wannan nau'in iskar gas da iskar oxygen ba. Idan kuna shan taba kuma kuna buƙatar sanin matakan iskar oxygen na jini, gwajin iskar gas na jini na iya zama hanya ɗaya tilo don samun ingantaccen karatu.
Dubi kuma: Shan taba cuta ce!
Low jikewa - bayyanar cututtuka
Ƙananan jikewa na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na wurare dabam dabam kuma ya haifar da alamun masu zuwa:
- dyspnea;
- ciwon kai;
- damuwa;
- dizziness;
- saurin numfashi;
- zafi a cikin kirji;
- rikicewa;
- cutar hawan jini;
- rashin daidaito;
- hangen nesa;
- jin euphoria;
- bugun zuciya mai sauri.
Idan muna da ƙarancin jikewa na dogon lokaci, zamu iya nuna alamun cyanosis. Alamar wannan yanayin shine launin shuɗi na gadaje na ƙusa, fata, da mucosa. Cyanosis ana ɗaukar gaggawa. Idan muka fuskanci alamunta, ya kamata mu nemi kulawar likita nan da nan. Cyanosis na iya haifar da gazawar numfashi wanda zai iya zama barazanar rai.
Low jikewa - rikitarwa
Ƙananan jikewa na iya rinjayar matakan oxygen a cikin kyallen jikin jiki, gami da gabobin jiki da tsokoki. Ana kiran wannan yanayin hypoxia.
Kwayoyin mu na iya daidaitawa da rashin iskar oxygen lokacin da rashi ya yi kadan. Koyaya, tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin girma, lalacewar tantanin halitta na iya faruwa, sannan mutuwar tantanin halitta.
Hypoxia sau da yawa yana haifar da hypoxemia, amma kuma yana iya faruwa lokacin:
- babu isassun ƙwayoyin jajayen jini don ɗaukar iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda. Dalilai masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da zubar da jini mai yawa daga rauni ko sikila anemia.
- rashin isasshen jini. A wannan yanayin, alal misali, bugun jini ne, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin da jini zuwa wani yanki na kwakwalwa ya yi rauni, ko kuma ciwon zuciya, lokacin da jini ya ragu zuwa tsokar zuciya. Dukansu yanayi suna haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta da nama.
- kyallen takarda suna buƙatar ƙarin jini mai iskar oxygen fiye da yadda ake iya bayarwa. Cututtuka masu tsanani, suna haifar da sepsis, na iya haifar da hypoxemia da kuma gazawar gabbai.
Dubi kuma: Brain hypoxia - bayyanar cututtuka, sakamako
Low jikewa - magani
Gabaɗaya, jikewa da ke ƙasa da 95% ana ɗaukar sakamako mara kyau, kuma duk abin da ke ƙasa da 90% na gaggawa ne.
Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ana buƙatar maganin oxygen - wani lokacin gaggawa. Kwakwalwa ita ce gabobin da ya fi yawan hypoxic, kuma kwayoyin kwakwalwa na iya fara mutuwa a cikin mintuna biyar bayan an hana su samun iskar oxygen. Idan hypoxia ya dade, coma, seizures, da mutuwar kwakwalwa na iya faruwa.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kafa dalilin rashin jin daɗi don gyara matsalar. A cikin cututtuka na yau da kullum irin su COPD da asma, dalilin da yasa yawanci shine ƙananan musayar iska a cikin huhu da alveoli. Baya ga maganin iskar oxygen, ana iya buƙatar steroids ko bronchodilators (masu hurawa masu ceto) don buɗe hanyoyin iska.
A cikin yanayin jini kamar cututtukan zuciya, rashin isasshen jini yana iya rage iskar oxygen. Magungunan da ke inganta aikin zuciya, irin su beta blockers don ciwon zuciya ko kwayoyi don arrhythmias na zuciya, na iya taimakawa wajen inganta oxygenation.
Tare da anemia, samar da jini ga kyallen takarda yana raguwa saboda rashin isassun ƙwayoyin jajayen jini masu lafiya tare da haemoglobin don ɗaukar iskar oxygen. Wani lokaci ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin ƙwayar jini don ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jajayen jinin lafiya.
Dubi kuma: Pharmacological coma - abin da yake da shi? Ta yaya ake saka majiyyaci cikin suma? [MUN BAYYANA]
Low oxygen jikewa - yadda za a kara da oxygen matakin a cikin jini?
Kuna iya ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin jinin ku. Wasu hanyoyin sun haɗa da ayyukan da za mu iya ɗauka da kanmu.
Bude taga ko fita waje don shakar da iska mai dadi. Wani abu mai sauƙi kamar buɗe tagogi ko tafiya ɗan gajeren tafiya yana ƙara yawan iskar oxygen da ake bayarwa ga jiki, wanda ke ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin jini. Hakanan yana da fa'idodi kamar ingantaccen narkewa da ƙarin kuzari.
Dakatar da shan taba. Bayan makonni biyu kawai na rashin shan sigari, mutane da yawa sun gano cewa duka wurare dabam-dabam da kuma yawan iskar oxygen sun inganta sosai. A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci, aikin huhu zai iya ƙaruwa da kashi 30%.
Tsayawa ƴan tsire-tsire a gida. An nuna tsire-tsire na gida don taimakawa wajen tsarkake iska na cikin gida. Suna cire carbon dioxide kuma suna cika matakin iskar oxygen a cikin ɗakin, yana ba da damar jiki ya sha iskar oxygen.
motsa jiki na numfashi. Kwararru na gyaran numfashi sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da motsa jiki mai sauƙi, kamar numfashin bakin da aka matse da zurfin numfashi na ciki, don buɗe hanyoyin iska da ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a jikin ku.
Za mu iya amfani da pulse oximeter don duba matakan iskar oxygen na jini a gida kuma mu yi amfani da wasu daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyin na halitta don ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin jini da kanmu.
Dubi kuma: Tafiya ita ce hanyar lafiya