Ciwon Little shine ma'anar ma'anar spastic diplegia na jarirai.

Jarirai spastic diplegia shine sanannen palsy na cerebral. Yana da halin daɗaɗɗen tsoka a cikin abin da ya shafa, musamman a cikin ƙafafu da kuma ƙarami a cikin makamai da fuska. Hakanan ana iya ganin yawan aiki a cikin jijiyoyi na ƙafafu a cikin wannan ilimin cututtuka.

Wannan ƙwayar tsoka a cikin ƙafafu na wanda ya shafa yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin motsin ƙafafu da makamai.

A cikin yara masu fama da cutar Little, harshe da hankali gabaɗaya sun zama al'ada. (1)

Wannan diplegia cerebral tana farawa da wuri a cikin jarirai ko yara ƙanana.

Mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin suna da karuwa a cikin ƙwayar tsoka wanda ke haifar da spasticity na tsoka. Wannan lamari ne mai tsayi da tsayin tsokar tsoka na tsokoki a hutawa. Exggerated reflexes yawanci ne sakamakon. Wannan spasticity na tsoka yana shafar tsokoki na ƙafafu. Nasu bangaren, tsokoki na hannu ba su da tasiri ko kuma ba a shafa ba.

Sauran alamun na iya zama mahimmancin cutar. Wannan shi ne yanayin, misali, tafiya a kan yatsun kafa ko tafiya maras kyau.

Wadannan rashin daidaituwa a cikin sautin tsoka sune sakamakon rikice-rikice a cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa ko rashin ci gaban su.

An san kadan game da ainihin dalilin wannan cuta ta jijiyoyin jini. Duk da haka, wasu masu bincike sun yi hasashen dangantaka da maye gurbi, nakasawar kwakwalwa, cututtuka ko zazzaɓi a cikin uwa a lokacin da take da juna biyu ko ma hatsarori a lokacin haihuwa ko kuma jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa. haihuwa. (3)

Har ya zuwa yau, babu maganin warkar da cutar. Bugu da kari, akwai hanyoyin maye gurbin magunguna dangane da alamu, alamu da tsananin cutar. (3)

Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban na tsananin cutar.

Saboda haka alamomin ciwon Little sun bambanta da majinyaci zuwa wani.

A cikin mahallin palsy na cerebral saboda rashin daidaituwa na jijiyoyi, alamun suna bayyana a farkon yara. Alamomin asibiti masu alaƙa sune cututtukan tsoka (musamman a cikin ƙafafu) waɗanda ke rushe sarrafa tsoka da daidaitawa.

Yaron da ke fama da wannan ilimin cututtuka yana ba da sautin tsoka fiye da na al'ada da ƙari mai yawa (sakamakon ci gaban spasticity).

Sauran alamun kuma na iya zama alamun haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta jariri. Musamman alamun da ke nuna jinkiri a cikin basirar motar yaron, tafiya a matsayi a kan yatsun kafa, tafiya maras kyau, da dai sauransu.

A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, waɗannan alamun suna canzawa a tsawon rayuwar mutum. Koyaya, gabaɗaya waɗannan ba sa tasowa ta hanya mara kyau. (3)

Baya ga wadannan alamomin fasahar mota, wasu abubuwan da ba su dace ba na iya kasancewa da alaka da cutar a wasu lokuta: (3).

– rashin hankali;

- matsalolin koyo;

- girgiza;

– hana girma;

- rashin daidaituwa a cikin kashin baya;

- osteoarthritis (ko arthritis);

- raunin gani;

- asarar ji;

– matsalolin harshe;

- asarar kula da fitsari;

– tsoka contractures.

Jarirai spastic diplegia (ko Little's Syndrome) cuta ce ta cerebral palsy da ta haifar da mummunan ci gaban wani ɓangaren kwakwalwa wanda ke sarrafa dabarun motsa jiki.

 Ana iya haifar da wannan naƙasa a cikin haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwa kafin, lokacin, ko kuma jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa.

A mafi yawan lokuta, ainihin dalilin ci gaban pathology ba a sani ba.

Duk da haka, an yi zato, kamar: (1).

- rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta;

- cututtuka na haihuwa a cikin kwakwalwa;

- kasancewar cututtuka ko zazzaɓi a cikin uwa;

- lalacewar tayin;

- da sauransu.

An kuma yi tsokaci kan sauran asalin cutar: (1).

- zubar jini na cikin ciki wanda zai iya rushe yanayin jini na yau da kullun a cikin kwakwalwa ko kuma haifar da fashewar jijiyoyin jini. Yawancin lokaci wannan zubar jini yana faruwa ne saboda girgiza tayi ko samuwar jini a cikin mahaifa. Hawan jini ko kamuwa da cututtuka a cikin uwa yayin daukar ciki na iya zama sanadin;

– raguwar iskar oxygen a cikin kwakwalwa, yana haifar da asphyxia na cerebral. Wannan al'amari yakan faru bayan haihuwa mai tsananin damuwa. Katsewa ko rage iskar oxygen don haka yana haifar da babbar lalacewa ga yaron: yana da hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (EHI). An bayyana na ƙarshe ta hanyar lalata ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Ba kamar abin da ya gabata ba, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy na iya zama sakamakon hypotension a cikin uwa. Fashewar mahaifa, rabuwar mahaifa, abubuwan da ke shafar igiyar cibiya ko ciwon kai a lokacin haihuwa na iya zama sanadin;

- rashin daidaituwa a cikin farin ɓangaren ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (ɓangare na kwakwalwa da ke da alhakin watsa sigina daga kwakwalwa zuwa ga jiki duka) kuma shine ƙarin dalilin ci gaba da cutar;

- rashin ci gaba na kwakwalwa mara kyau, sakamakon katsewa a cikin tsarin al'ada na ci gabanta. Wannan al'amari yana da alaƙa da maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke ɓoye samuwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta cerebral cortex. Cututtuka, kasancewar zazzabi mai maimaitawa, rauni ko rashin salon rayuwa yayin daukar ciki na iya zama ƙarin haɗarin haɓakar haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwa mara kyau.

Babban abubuwan haɗari don haɓaka Ciwon ƙwayar cuta na Little sune: (1)

- rashin daidaituwa a cikin matakan wasu kwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka ce suna da haɗari;

- cututtuka na haihuwa a cikin kwakwalwa;

- ci gaban cututtuka da zazzabi mai zafi a cikin uwa;

- cututtuka na intracranial;

- raguwar iskar oxygen a cikin kwakwalwa;

- rashin daidaituwa na ci gaba na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa.

Ƙarin yanayin likita na iya zama batun ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin yara: (3)

– haihuwa da wuri;

- nauyi mai sauƙi a lokacin haihuwa;

- cututtuka ko zazzabi mai zafi a lokacin daukar ciki;

- yawan ciki (tagwaye, uku, da dai sauransu);

– rashin daidaituwar jini tsakanin uwa da yaro;

- rashin daidaituwa a cikin thyroid, rashin hankali na hankali, yawan furotin a cikin fitsari ko tashin hankali a cikin uwa;

– haihuwa breech;

- rikitarwa a lokacin haihuwa;

- low Apgar index (index of yanayin kiwon lafiya na jariri daga haihuwa);

– jaundice na jariri.

Ya kamata a yi ganewar asali na spastic diplegia na jarirai da wuri bayan haihuwar yaron don jin dadin yaron da iyalinsa. (4)

Hakanan ya kamata a gudanar da sa ido kan cututtuka sosai. Wannan yana nuna haɓakar kula da yaro yayin girma da haɓaka. Idan wannan bibiyar yaron ya zama yana da sakamako masu damuwa, gwajin gwajin ci gaba yana yiwuwa.

Wannan nunin game da ci gaban yaro yana haifar da gwaje-gwajen da ke kimanta yiwuwar jinkirin ci gaban yaro, kamar jinkirin ƙwarewar mota ko motsi.

A yayin da aka gano sakamakon wannan kashi na biyu na ganewar asali yana da mahimmanci, likita zai iya ci gaba da ganewar asali zuwa kimantawar likita na ci gaba.

Makasudin ci gaban lokaci ganewar asali na likita shine don nuna takamaiman rashin daidaituwa a cikin ci gaban yaro.

Wannan bincike na likitanci ya haɗa da wasu gwaje-gwaje don gane abubuwan da ba su da kyau musamman ga cutar, sune: (3).

- nazarin jini;

- na'urar daukar hotan takardu;

- MRI na kai;

- electroncephalogram (EEG);

- electromyography.

Ta fuskar magani, a halin yanzu babu maganin cutar.

Koyaya, jiyya na iya inganta yanayin rayuwar marasa lafiya. Dole ne a rubuta waɗannan jiyya da wuri-wuri bayan gano cutar.

Mafi yawan jiyya sune magunguna, tiyata, splinting, da na jiki (physiotherapy) da kuma harshen (maganin magana).

Hakanan za'a iya ba da taimakon makaranta ga masu wannan ciwon.

Mahimman tsinkaya ga marasa lafiya da wannan cuta ya bambanta sosai dangane da alamu da alamun da ke cikin mutum.

Lalle ne, wasu batutuwa suna shafar ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki (babu iyakancewa a cikin motsinsu, 'yancin kai, da dai sauransu) wasu kuma mafi tsanani (rashin yin wasu motsi ba tare da taimako ba, da dai sauransu) (3).