Contents
Cututtukan koda a cikin maza da mata sun haɗa da cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga aikin yau da kullun na waɗannan gabobin tsarin urinary. Kowane ɗayan cututtuka yana da ƙayyadaddun nasa, ya bambanta a cikin hoton asibiti da hanyoyin magani.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kimanin kashi 4% na al'ummar Rasha suna fama da cututtuka daban-daban na koda, kodayake masana suna da ra'ayin cewa wannan adadi yana da muhimmanci. Gaskiyar ita ce, yawancin cututtukan koda suna da asymptomatic kuma mutane ba su ma san game da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ke akwai ba. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don kewaya manyan cututtukan koda, don sanin alamun su da kuma manyan hanyoyin magani.
Sau da yawa mutum yakan koyi cewa yana da wani ci gaba na ciwon koda kwatsam, yana zuwa a duba shi don wata matsala ta daban. A tsakanin su, likitoci ma suna kiran kodan bebe, tunda alamun farko na cutar a wasu lokuta suna bayyana lokacin da suka daina aiki. Tabbas, likita na iya zargin cutar ta hanyar gwajin jini, amma saboda wannan ya zama dole cewa wannan bincike ya fada hannun likitan nephrologist, wanda ke faruwa da wuya. Sau da yawa, a karon farko, marasa lafiya suna koyi game da wanzuwar irin wannan likita lokacin da suka shiga asibiti tare da ciwon zuciya.
Gaskiyar ita ce, lokacin da kodan suka daina aiki kamar yadda aka saba, matakin calcium a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa sosai, wanda yakan sanya a kan tasoshin, yana sa haskensu ya ragu. Don haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa marasa lafiya da ke fama da gazawar koda sukan mutu a shekaru 30-40. A wannan yanayin, cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini sun zama sanadin mutuwa.
Kididdiga da gaskiya a Rasha da Amurka
Abin lura ne cewa ilimin nephrology ya fara haɓaka sosai a duk faɗin duniya bayan binciken da aka gudanar a Amurka ya nuna lambobin da ba su da daɗi. An gano cewa kashi 12% na mazauna Amurka suna fama da cutar koda, kuma kashi 10% na mutane suna kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. A lokaci guda kuma, masu ciwon zuciya suna karɓar magani, saboda sun san game da ilimin cututtukan da ke akwai, kuma masu ciwon koda sukan sha fama da ciwon zuciya, ba tare da zargin abin da ya sa su tasowa ba. Irin wannan makoma mai bakin ciki tana samun kashi casa'in cikin dari na marasa lafiya na koda.
Yin maganin mutanen da ke da cututtukan koda yana da tsada sosai ga kasafin kuɗi na kowace ƙasa, ciki har da Rasha. Alal misali, tsarin hemodialysis yana kimanin kimanin 7000 rubles, kuma yana buƙatar yin shi sau uku a mako a duk rayuwar mai haƙuri. Don haka, ba kowane majiyyaci ne ke iya samun magani ba. Don haka, a cikin mutane miliyan daya, mutane 212 ne kawai aka yi wa maganin hemodialysis. Kuma za ku iya samun magani kawai a yankuna tare da isasshen kasafin kuɗi. Haka ma dashen koda. Akwai cibiyoyin dasawa a Krasnodar, Moscow da St. Petersburg, amma suna karɓar "nasu" marasa lafiya don magani. Saboda haka, yana da sauƙi ga mai ciwon koda daga Rostov don dasa sashin jiki a wata ƙasa fiye da, misali, a St. Petersburg. Akwai mafita guda ɗaya kawai ga irin waɗannan mutane - su ƙaura zuwa wani yanki don samun isassun maganin cutar su.
Maganin mutanen da aka gano cututtukan koda a kan lokaci yana da arha, don haka ana ba da shawarar yin duban dan tayi na koda sau ɗaya a shekara, don ɗaukar AS da LHC. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari: masu fama da hauhawar jini, masu ciwon sukari, mutanen da ke da kiba da atherosclerosis.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin koda
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa abubuwa masu zuwa zasu iya fara cutar koda:
Rage nauyin jiki mai tsanani, wanda ya faru ne saboda raguwar kitsen capsule da ke kewaye da kodan.
Kiba. Kitse mai yawa yana sanya matsin lamba akan kodan, yana lalata aikin su. Bugu da ƙari, kiba yana cutar da sautin jijiyoyin jini.
Ciwon sukari.
Mummunan halaye (taba da shan barasa). Jinin yana yin kauri, yayin da barasa ke haifar da bushewar jiki, kuma hayaƙin taba shine mafi ƙarfi na carcinogen. Duk wannan mummunan yana rinjayar aikin kodan.
Babban matsin lamba wanda ke lalata tasoshin koda kuma yana lalata aikin su.
Kuna iya zargin cutar koda a cikin kanku idan kun fi kula da lafiyar ku.
Don haka, alamun cin zarafi a cikin aikinsu sune:
Edema a kan fuska tare da samuwar jaka a karkashin idanu, kumburi na ƙananan ƙafafu. Da yamma, wannan kumburin yana raguwa. Fatar ta zama bushe, kodadde, yuwuwar yin rawaya.
Jin zafi a cikin yankin lumbar na iya nuna pyelonephritis da hydronephrosis.
Gajiya, rauni, zazzabi, ciwon kai - duk waɗannan alamun sun sa ya yiwu a yi zargin cutar koda.
Dalilin tuntuɓar likita ya kamata ya zama cin zarafi na wari, launi da ƙarar fitsari.
Cutar koda: pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis cuta ce ta koda na yanayi na yau da kullun. Cutar ta yadu a cikin aikin urological. Kimanin 2/3 na duk ziyarar zuwa likitan urologist ya ƙare tare da ganewar asali na pyelonephritis mai tsanani ko na kullum tare da lalacewa ga daya ko duka kodan.
Dalilin cutar
Abubuwan da ke haifar da pyelonephritis sune cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta sun fara haɓaka a cikin nama na koda:
Pathogenic microorganisms (a cikin 90% na lokuta shi ne Escherichia coli) shiga cikin koda tare da hawan hanya. Ta hanyar urethra, suna shiga mafitsara da sama. Mata sun fi kamuwa da wannan cuta, wanda tsarin tsarin fitsarin jikinsu ya bayyana.
Kwayoyin cuta na iya shiga cikin koda saboda vesicle-urethral reflux. A cikin wannan tsari, ana sake jefa fitsari a cikin ƙashin ƙugu na koda, tun da fitarsa ya lalace saboda wani dalili. Tashin hankali na fitsari a cikin kodan yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa ƙwayoyin cuta sun fara haɓaka a cikinta, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar cutar.
Da wuya, amma har yanzu yana yiwuwa a cutar da kodan ta hanyar hematogenous, lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta suka shiga cikin jini daga wani tushen kumburi.
Haɗarin kamuwa da cutar yana ƙaruwa idan an toshe masu ureter da dutse ko kuma ƙara girman prostate.
Alamomin cutar
Alamun m da na kullum pyelonephritis za su bambanta.
Alamomin da ke nuni da matsanancin matakin cutar:
Ci gaban cutar kwatsam tare da m farawa da haɓaka yanayin zafin jiki zuwa manyan matakan (har zuwa 39-40 ° C).
Mai haƙuri yana yin gumi da yawa, abincinsa ya ɓace, rauni yana ƙaruwa.
Ciwon kai yana iya kasancewa tare da tashin zuciya har ma da amai.
Pain yana bayyana a yankin lumbar. Suna iya samun ƙarfi daban-daban, galibi ana yin su a gefe ɗaya.
Fitsari ya zama gajimare kuma yana iya zama ja.
Gwajin jini yana nuna karuwa a cikin fararen jini da ESR.
Amma ga na kullum pyelonephritis, shi ne sau da yawa asymptomatic kuma yana faruwa a kan bango m pyelonephritis undertreated. Mutum na iya samun rauni da rashin jin daɗi, abincinsa ya tsananta, ciwon kai yakan bayyana. Wani lokaci a cikin yankin lumbar akwai jin dadi. Idan an bar cutar ba tare da maganin da ya dace ba, to a ƙarshe majiyyaci zai haifar da gazawar koda.
Jiyya
Idan pyelonephritis ya faru a cikin wani nau'i marar rikitarwa, to, ana nuna majiyyacin magani na mazan jiya a sashen urological na asibiti. Ana buƙatar ya ɗauki maganin rigakafi, waɗanda aka zaɓa tare da la'akari da hankali na microflora da aka gano a cikin gwajin fitsari. Ya kamata a fara farfesa tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda ke da matsakaicin tasiri. Wadannan na iya zama jami'an antibacterial daga rukuni na cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones. Ana amfani da Ampicillin don magance pyelonephritis ƙasa da ƙasa.
A cikin layi daya, ana nuna majiyyaci maganin detoxification, an tsara abinci tare da ƙarancin furotin a cikin abinci. Bayan yanayin zafin jiki ya dawo al'ada, an canza mai haƙuri zuwa abinci na yau da kullun tare da ƙara yawan adadin ruwa.
Idan dalilin ci gaban cutar shine cin zarafi na fitowar fitsari, to dole ne a kawar da shi, bayan haka an wajabta maganin rigakafi, ana aiwatar da immunotherapy. Sau da yawa, maidowa na hanyar fitsari ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar aiki (cire duwatsu daga kodan, nephroplexy, cire adenoma prostate, da sauransu).
Dangane da nau'in cutar na yau da kullun, ana gina maganin bisa ga wannan makirci, amma ya fi tsayi. An wajabta gajerun darussan maganin rigakafi ga mutanen da ke da pyelonephritis na yau da kullun ko da bayan an sami kwanciyar hankali.
Cutar koda: glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis cuta ce ta rigakafi ta kodan tare da raunin farko na glomeruli na koda. Hakanan, tubules na renal da interstitium suna shiga cikin tsarin cututtukan cututtukan. Pathology na iya zama na farko, ko kuma yana iya tasowa a kan tushen wasu cututtuka na tsarin.
Sau da yawa, yara suna fama da glomerulonephritis, wannan cuta tana cikin matsayi na biyu bayan cututtukan cututtuka na tsarin urinary. Bugu da ƙari, glomerulonephritis ne sau da yawa fiye da sauran cututtuka na urological yana haifar da nakasa, kamar yadda ya haifar da ci gaban gazawar koda a baya.
Alamomin cutar
Alamun m glomerulonephritis suna bayyana a cikin wadannan alamomin uku:
Rage yawan fitsarin da aka fitar, bayyanar jini a ciki. A matsayinka na mai mulki, adadin fitsarin da aka raba yana raguwa a cikin kwanaki 3 na farko daga farkon cutar, sa'an nan kuma ya koma al'ada. Amma ga ƙazantar jini, mafi yawan lokuta ba shi da yawa, macrohematuria yana da wuyar gaske.
Bayyanar edema. Fuskar tana kumbura, wanda musamman da safe ake iya gani.
Ƙara hawan jini. Ana lura da wannan alamar a cikin 60% na marasa lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin yara yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban na zuciya da jini.
Idan cutar ta tasowa a cikin yara, to sau da yawa yana ci gaba da sauri kuma ya ƙare tare da cikakkiyar farfadowa na mai haƙuri. A cikin girma, har ma da m glomerulonephritis na iya samun hoton asibiti mara kyau, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da cutar.
Wani lokaci zazzabi, sanyi, asarar ci, rauni da zafi a cikin yankin lumbar yana yiwuwa. Glomerulonephritis na yau da kullun yana ƙoƙarin komawa baya, wanda galibi yana faruwa a cikin kaka da bazara.
Dalilin cutar
Wadannan dalilai na glomerulonephritis za a iya bambanta:
Streptococcal kamuwa da cuta na m ko na kullum hanya. Angina, tonsillitis, ciwon huhu, streptoderma, zazzabi mai ja zai iya haifar da ci gaban cututtukan koda.
Wani lokaci abin da ke haifar da kumburin koda shine kyanda, cututtuka na numfashi na numfashi da kuma kaji.
Tsawancin hypothermia na jiki, musamman a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, sau da yawa yana haifar da ci gaban cutar. A wannan yanayin, likitoci suna kiran glomerulonephritis "trench".
Akwai shaida cewa cutar na iya tasowa a kan bango na toxoplasmosis da meningitis.
Dangane da kamuwa da cutar streptococcal, ba kowa ne ke haifar da cutar koda ba, wato nau'in nephritogenic na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Jiyya
Jiyya na glomerulonephritis da ciwon m hanya ana gudanar a asibiti. Ana ba da shawarar mara lafiya lambar tebur abinci mai lamba 7 da kwanciyar hankali na gado. A cikin layi daya, ana aiwatar da magani tare da magungunan kashe qwari, gami da: Penicillin, Ampiox, Erythromycin.
Duk marasa lafiya da glomerulonephritis ana nuna su don gyara rigakafi. Don wannan dalili, an tsara magungunan hormonal - Prednisolone da magungunan marasa amfani - Imuran Cyclophosphamide. Don rage kumburi, ana bada shawarar Voltaren. Idan ya cancanta, ana wajabta wa marasa lafiya diuretics don rage kumburi, kuma ana aiwatar da magani da nufin daidaita yanayin hawan jini.
Amma ga nau'in cutar na kullum, ana bi da shi bisa ga irin wannan makirci, amma na dogon lokaci. A lokacin lokacin gafara, ana nuna wa marasa lafiya magani na sanatorium da lura da shekaru biyu ta likitan nephrologist.
Ciwon koda: gazawar koda
Rashin gazawar koda shine cin zarafin aikin koda, wanda a wasu lokuta ana iya juyawa. Kwayar cutar tana da alaƙa da bayyanawa ko cikakkiyar dakatarwar gabobin. Duk ayyukan da kodan ke yi suna shan wahala: excretory, secretory, tacewa.
Dalilin cutar
Abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawar koda mai tsanani suna da yawa.
Ya fi dacewa a yi la'akari da su ta hanyar siffofin wannan pathology:
Rage zubar da jini na zuciya saboda gazawar zuciya, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, da sauransu, na iya haifar da gazawar koda na prerenal, wanda ke tare da wani mummunan cuta na hemodynamic. Zubar da jini mai tsanani, matsananciyar gudawa tare da bushewar jiki, ascites, da yawan kuna kuma na iya haifar da wannan nau'in cutar. jiki. Anaphylactic da bacteriotoxic shock sukan haifar da gazawar koda.
Siffar koda na m gazawar koda yana haifar da ischemia na kyallen takarda na koda, ko lalacewarsa mai guba (idan akwai guba tare da guba, ƙarfe mai nauyi, lokacin shan magungunan nephrotoxic). Da ɗan ƙasa sau da yawa, dalilin shi ne kumburin koda, barasa ko miyagun ƙwayoyi coma, koda rauni, tare da tsawan lokaci matsawa na kyallen takarda na gabobin.
Babban toshewa (toshewar) hanyar fitsari yana haifar da gazawar koda na bayan haihuwa. Yana iya faruwa saboda urolithiasis, tare da ciwace-ciwacen daji na prostate da mafitsara, tare da ciwon tarin fuka.
Alamomin cutar
Alamomin gazawar koda mai tsanani suna faruwa a manyan matakai guda hudu, gami da:
Mutum ba ya fuskanci alamun bayyanar cututtuka da ke nuna rashin cin zarafi na aikin koda a lokacin bayyanar cutar, tun da alamun bayyanar cututtuka sun zo a gaba. Wataƙila abin da ya faru na rauni, barci, asarar ci. Amma waɗannan alamomin galibi ana danganta su da bayyanar cutar etiological.
Yawan fitsarin da aka fitar ya fara raguwa, mai haƙuri yana tasowa zawo, amai. Mutumin ya zama an hana shi, yana so ya yi barci, ci gaban coma yana yiwuwa. Sauran gabobin sukan sha wahala, ciki har da zuciya, pancreas. Ba a cire ci gaban sepsis da ciwon huhu ba. Ana kiran wannan mataki oligoanuric. Yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu.
Idan babu rikitarwa na cutar, to, a hankali mutum ya fara farfadowa. Yawan fitsari da aka fitar yana ƙaruwa, ma'aunin gishiri-ruwa na jiki ya dawo daidai.
Rashin gazawar koda mai tsanani yana ƙare tare da dawo da majiyyaci. Wannan matakin yana da tsayi sosai kuma yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa shekara guda. A wannan lokacin, ana samun maidowa a hankali na duk ayyukan jiki.
Jiyya
Maganin gazawar koda da farko ana nufin kawar da dalilin da ya haifar da ci gaban cutar. A cikin layi daya, ana ɗaukar matakan daidaita matsa lamba, don sake cika adadin ruwan da ya ɓace. Idan ya cancanta, ana wanke majiyyaci tare da hanji.
Hanyar extracorporeal hemocorrection yana ba ku damar tsaftace jikin abubuwa masu guba waɗanda suka taru a sakamakon rushewar kodan. Hemocorrection ya hada da hemosorption da plasmapheresis.
Idan wani toshewa shine dalilin rashin aikin koda, to ana cire ta ta hanyar tiyata.
Don daidaita diuresis, ana nuna Furosemide da osmotic diuretics. Marasa lafiya suna buƙatar abinci mai ƙarancin furotin kuma iyakance a cikin potassium. Idan ya cancanta, an wajabta wa majiyyaci magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma ya kamata a zaɓi adadin su tare da kulawa sosai.
Hemodialysis ana yin shi azaman hanyar da ke hana haɓakar matsaloli masu tsanani. Ayyukan urological na zamani yana amfani da shi har ma a farkon matakai na ci gaba da gazawar koda, da kuma manufar rigakafi.
Cutar koda: urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis)
Urolithiasis cuta ce tare da samuwar duwatsun koda (ba a cire samuwarsu a cikin mafitsara da sauran gabobin). Cutar ta yadu, tana iya bayyana a kowane zamani, amma galibi ana gano ta a cikin mutane 25-50 shekaru.
Dalilin cutar
Dalilan samuwar duwatsun koda sun dogara ne akan tsarin crystallization na fitsari.
Abubuwan tsokana na iya zama:
Predisposition na gado.
Rashin yarda da tsarin sha, musamman lokacin da ake rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu zafi. Yana da haɗari a kai a kai a sha ruwa tare da babban abun ciki na calcium salts a cikinsa, da kuma jaraba ga kayan yaji, mai mai da gishiri.
Rashin ruwa na jiki sakamakon cututtukan da ke tattare da amai da gudawa.
Avitaminosis, musamman, rashin bitamin D da bitamin A cikin jiki.
Daban-daban cututtuka na jiki: osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, hyperparathyroidism, cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili (gastritis, ulcers, colitis), cututtuka na urinary tsarin (cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephrotuberculosis), kazalika da prostatitis da prostate adenoma. Duk wani yanayin da ke kawo cikas ga fitowar fitsari na yau da kullun yana da haɗari.
Alamomin cutar
Alamun urolithiasis na kodan sun dogara da ƙarar duwatsu, lambar su da abun da ke ciki. Babban alamun cutar sune:
Jin zafi na sãɓãwar launukansa mai tsanani tare da yanki a cikin yankin lumbar;
Renal colic;
jini a cikin fitsari;
Pus a cikin fitsari;
Wani lokaci dutsen koda yana wucewa da kansa tare da fitsari.
A lokaci guda kuma, kusan kashi 15% na marasa lafiya ba sa ma zargin cewa suna da duwatsun koda, tunda ba sa bayyana kansu ta kowace hanya.
Jiyya
Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan magani guda biyu masu yiwuwa don tsakuwar koda: masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da na tiyata. Duk da haka, su biyun a matsayin burinsu na kawar da duwatsu daga gabobi.
Idan mai haƙuri yana da ƙananan dutse, wanda bai wuce 3 mm a cikin girma ba, to, an ba shi shawarar ya sha ruwa mai yawa kuma ya ci abinci tare da abinci na nama.
Idan dutsen ya kasance urate, to, ya kamata ku bi abinci mai gina jiki tare da girmamawa akan abubuwan sha da abinci na asalin shuka, yana da mahimmanci a sha ruwan ma'adinai (alkaline). Ana ba da shawarar ruwan ma'adinai na acidic don duwatsun phosphate. Bugu da ƙari, yana yiwuwa a rubuta magungunan da ke taimakawa wajen narkar da duwatsu, da diuretics da nitrofurans. Duk da haka, irin wannan magani za a iya gudanar da shi ne kawai ta likitan nephrologist.
Idan an shigar da majiyyaci tare da colic na koda, to Baralgin, Platifillin ko Pantopon ana ba shi da gaggawa don kawar da ciwo. Novocaine toshe igiyar maniyyi ko zagaye na mahaifa, dangane da jinsin mai haƙuri, ana yin shi idan colic na koda bai tafi tare da gudanar da maganin kashe zafi ba.
Yin aiki yana da mahimmanci idan akwai ciwon koda na yau da kullum, pyelonephritis yana tasowa, ciwon urethra, ko wasu yanayi da ke barazana ga lafiyar mai haƙuri.
Cutar koda: hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis shine atrophy na nama na koda, wanda ke tasowa saboda fadada hadaddun pyelocaliceal, wanda ke haifar da cin zarafi na fitsari. A kasa da shekaru 60, mata sun fi kamuwa da cutar, yayin da bayan shekaru 60, an fi gano cututtukan cututtuka a cikin maza. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaban adenoma na prostate ko ciwon gurguwar prostate.
Atrophy na nephrons da tubules na koda shine sakamakon cutar. Yana farawa da cewa saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da fitowar fitsari, matsa lamba a cikin ureter yana ƙaruwa, aikin tacewa yana wahala, kuma jini na gabobin yana damuwa.
Dalilin cutar
Abubuwan da ke haifar da hydronephrosis sune kamar haka:
Kasancewar ciwace-ciwace, polyp, duwatsu ko gudan jini a cikin fitsari.
Fungal cututtuka na urethra.
Cututtuka na urethra (tuberculosis, endometriosis, da dai sauransu), da tsananin da diverticula.
Ciwon daji na mahaifa, haihuwa, tsautsayi na mahaifa, cyst ovarian, ciwon prostate, aortic aneurysm a cikin peritoneum, anomalies a wurin da jijiya na koda.
Urolithiasis, diverticulum na mafitsara, contracture na wuyansa, vesicoureteral reflux da sauran pathologies na wannan gabar jiki.
Haihuwar toshewar hanyoyin urinary, raunin su da kumburi.
Alamomin cutar
Alamomin hydronephrosis sun dogara ne akan tsawon lokacin da mutum ya sami toshewa a cikin sashin fitsari da kuma abin da ya haifar da matsalar.
Zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa don haɓaka hoton asibiti suna yiwuwa:
Babban ci gaba na cutar yana bayyana a cikin ciwo mai tsanani na lumbar tare da sakawa a cikin makwancin gwaiwa, perineum da al'aura. Fitsari yana zama mai yawa kuma yana jin zafi. Tashin zuciya har ma da amai na iya faruwa. Ana yawan samun jini a cikin jini.
Mafi sau da yawa ana lura da latent hanya na cutar tare da unilateral aseptic hydronephrosis. Ana iya samun ƙananan ciwon baya wanda ke daɗa muni bayan motsa jiki. Bugu da kari, mutum ya fara shan ruwa mai yawa. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, gajiya mai tsanani yana haɗuwa, hawan jini ya tashi.
Abin lura shi ne cewa mutanen da ke da hydronephrosis sun fi so su kwanta a cikin ciki yayin hutun dare. Wannan yana inganta fitar fitsari daga koda mara lafiya, saboda yana haifar da sake rarraba matsi a cikin rami na ciki.
anomalies a cikin ci gaban da kodan
Koda nephroptosis
Koda nephroptosis yana da yanayin motsin ƙwayar cuta na sashin jiki tare da ƙaura fiye da 2 cm tare da matsayi na tsaye na jiki kuma fiye da 3 cm tare da numfashin tilastawa.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da nephroptosis na iya zama saboda raguwa a cikin sautin tsoka na latsa na ciki, hypermobility na gidajen abinci. Akwai abubuwan haɗari na sana'a. Don haka, direbobi, masu gyaran gashi, likitocin tiyata, masu ɗaukar nauyi sun fi dacewa da nephroptosis, wanda shine ko dai don tsawan lokaci da damuwa na jiki yayin da suke matsayi ɗaya, ko kuma girgizawa akai-akai. Yana yiwuwa a ci gaba da ilimin cututtuka saboda daban-daban kwarangwal anomalies, misali, in babu vertebrae. Wani lokaci nephroptosis yana faruwa a cikin matan da ke dauke da babban yaro.
Alamun nephroptosis suna bayyana a cikin ja raɗaɗin da ke haskakawa zuwa ciki. Lokacin da koda ya koma wurinsa, ciwon ya ɓace. Watakila samuwar colic na koda, rushewar tsarin narkewa, neurasthenia saboda ciwo mai tsanani na pelvic. A cikin ilimin cututtuka mai tsanani, ci gaban gazawar koda, cututtuka na urinary mai ci gaba yana yiwuwa.
Maganin ra'ayin mazan jiya tare da saka bandeji na musamman, yin motsa jiki na gymnastic tare da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki an wajabta wa nephroptosis mai laushi. Idan ilimin pathology yana da rikitarwa kuma yana haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani a cikin aiki na kodan da sauran gabobin, to, magani na tiyata ya zama dole. Ana kiran aikin "nephropexy", yana kunshe da mayar da koda zuwa wurin ta na asali tare da gyara sashin jiki zuwa tsarin da ke kusa.
Polycystic koda cuta
Polycystic koda cuta tana nufin wani nakasar anomaly a cikin ci gaban gabobin da aka halin da samuwar mahara cysts a cikinsu. Duka kodan suna ko da yaushe shiga cikin tsarin pathological.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan koda na polycystic suna faruwa ne ta hanyar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gada a cikin yanki na autosomal.
Alamun cutar a cikin jarirai suna tasowa da sauri kuma suna haifar da mutuwar yaron. A lokacin balaga, alamun cutar suna girma a hankali, ana nuna su ta hanyar rushewar koda a hankali ta hanyar gazawar koda na yau da kullun.
Maganin cutar koda polycystic an rage shi zuwa alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Don kawar da cututtuka, ana amfani da magungunan antibacterial da magungunan uroseptic. Yana da mahimmanci a shiga cikin rigakafin cututtukan koda: kuna buƙatar daina aiki mai ƙarfi na jiki, ku bi abinci, shiga cikin kawar da lokaci na foci na kamuwa da cuta na yau da kullun. A mataki na ƙarshe na gazawar koda, tambayar dashen gabobin ya taso. Ana ba da shawarar hemodialysis don kiyaye aikin jiki.
Koda dystopia
Koda dystopia cin zarafin wurin su ne. Wannan anomaly yana nufin lahani na haihuwa. Kodan za a iya zama ƙasa kaɗan, ana iya raba su cikin rami na pelvic, cikin ƙirji, da sauransu.
Dalilin dystopia na koda shine anomalies a cikin ci gaban tayin da ke faruwa yayin ci gaban tayin.
Alamun dystopia bazai bayyana kansu ta kowace hanya ba, amma ana iya bayyana su a cikin ciwon lumbar maras kyau. Yankin rarraba su ya dogara da inda ainihin kodan suke.
Jiyya ya iyakance ga magungunan mazan jiya, wanda aka tsara don hana ci gaban kamuwa da cutar koda, da kuma samuwar duwatsu a cikinsu. Ana yin tiyatar cire koda idan ta mutu.
Mugun ciwon koda
Mummunan ciwace-ciwace na kodan duka rukuni ne na cututtuka waɗanda ke haɗa nau'ikan muggan canje-canje na ƙwayar koda. Daga cikin jimlar yawan cututtukan oncological, ciwon daji na koda yana faruwa a cikin 2-3% na lokuta. Mafi sau da yawa, mutane fiye da shekaru 40 suna fama da cutar.
Sanadin
Abubuwan da ke haifar da mummunan ciwon koda suna da dalilai da yawa, ciki har da:
Maye gurbi.
Predisposition na gado.
Miyagun halaye.
Magunguna marasa kulawa (hormones, diuretics, analgesics).
Na kullum renal gazawar, polycystic koda cuta, nephrosclerosis na daban-daban etiologies.
Carcinogenic guba na jiki, daukan hotuna zuwa radiation.
Raunin koda.
Alamun
Mafi sau da yawa, alamun cutar kumburin koda ba su bayyana kansu ba. Hanyar asymptomatic shine halayyar farkon matakan ci gaban cutar.
Yayin da yake ci gaba, majiyyaci yana haɓaka waɗannan alamun uku masu zuwa:
Najasa na jini a cikin fitsari.
Pain a cikin yankin lumbar.
Bayyanar wani ƙari da za a iya palpated.
A dabi'a, dukkanin alamu guda uku za a kiyaye su a lokaci guda kawai a cikin matakai na gaba na ci gaban cutar. Sauran bayyanar da mummunan neoplasm na koda sune: zazzaɓi, asarar ci, kumburin ƙananan ƙafafu, dystrophy, da dai sauransu.
Jiyya
Maganin cutar ciwon koda ya ragu zuwa tiyatar cire neoplasm. Ana amfani da shi har ma a cikin matakai na gaba na ci gaban cutar da kuma gaban metastases. Wannan yana ba ka damar ƙara rayuwar mai haƙuri da inganta ingancinsa.
Ana amfani da resection na koda ko cirewar gaɓa ta duniya. A matsayin ƙarin hanyar jiyya wanda ke haɓaka tasirin aikin, ana amfani da immunotherapy, chemotherapy da maganin da aka yi niyya. Ana gudanar da maganin jin daɗi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan metastasis na ƙari zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph.